home Calculators General recommendations for image formation and recommendations for image formation of the head of Oktant CJSC. Human image, what characteristics make up a person’s image

General recommendations for image formation and recommendations for image formation of the head of Oktant CJSC. Human image, what characteristics make up a person’s image

Many people, undoubtedly, have heard more than once about image, how important it is for a person, about its creation, change, etc. Most people don’t even realize that it’s not just about appearance or clothing style. And this term applies not only to a person, but also to various objects, companies or entire organizations. Let's take a closer look at what it is.

The word “image” itself comes from the English language and when translated means face, image, image. This is the impression that a particular object makes on others. And the attitude and trust towards you depends on it. But one should not be confused, the image is not at all a mirror of a person’s soul and his internal qualities, it is an external picture projected in the minds of other people. Typically, a person's image and personality differ significantly. But this does not deny its importance, because what we demonstrate to others has no small influence in our lives. And that is why, from correct creation image, your success depends.

The image of a person is his business card. Some of its facets are given to us from birth: appearance, abilities, talents, intelligence, and some have to be honed over a long time. Learn to make a good first impression, maintain and subsequently improve your image. It is very difficult to become what you want, but it all starts with a very strong desire to change and a willingness to begin to develop your abilities, hone your demeanor, your ability to hold on, develop cheerfulness and optimism.

“You have to be able to change yourself in time! Changing your image is a fundamental step towards favorable changes.”

The wider the circle with which a person needs to contact, the more global the level of tasks assigned to him, the more greater value has his business image¬¬. That is why this question is especially relevant for people in a certain field of activity, for businessmen, show business stars, politicians, and executives. But still, the image is important for every person, the scale of influence of the image created by him simply differs.

The main components of the image

Appearance: clothes, accessories, style, hairstyle, manicure - these are the first things that catch people's eyes. Don’t forget that “you meet people by their clothes...” therefore, always take care of yourself. The first opinion, the further impression of others, and the formation of your image depend on how you look.

Posture, gait, gestures, movements - these are all components of the kinetic image. According to research, the verbal part of communication is -35%, but the non-verbal part is as much as -65%. Jumping, stooping or shuffling, or excessive gesticulation will not help you create a positive image. If you don't like your gait or posture, sign up for dancing or play sports, very soon you will see changes in better side.

Facial expressions, smiles, facial expressions are components of a person’s facial image. Watch how well you master facial expressions, because your face is a reflection of your feelings and emotional state. Stand in front of the mirror and rehearse some phrases, see what happens to your eyebrows, forehead, lips, nose. Were you able to convey with your facial expressions what you wanted to convey with your words, and how do they correspond to each other?

The most important component of the facial image is, of course, the eyes. You should make eye contact with your interlocutor as often as possible. Imagine: he has a dot on his forehead and look there when talking - this will show your attention and serious attitude and improve your image. 70% of communication depends on gaze. Have you ever noticed how difficult it is to communicate with a person wearing sunglasses and with a blank look? So never forget about this rule when creating an image.

Underestimate the importance of lip position. Closed lips are an indicator of isolation, a raised corner is sarcasm or doubt, stretched into a smile is joy, goodwill. Don't forget about the magic of a smile: people don't like gloomy, gloomy, stern interlocutors. As soon as you smile, you are immediately included in the number of pleasant and attractive people.

Here are some speech rules that will help you create a positive image:

Respect your interlocutor. This means not only listening and not interrupting, but also your appearance and mood matters.
- Avoid templates and clichés, try to be original.
- Use lively speech, use metaphors, comparisons, and rhetorical questions more often - this helps create a modern image.
- Lower the tone; changing it highlights the desired phrase well.
- When working with the public, it is better to avoid impersonal verbs. Instead of “offering a wide selection of products,” it is better to say “I offer you a wide selection of products.”
- Know how to dilute your speech with an appropriate joke, because humor helps bring the public closer together and creates a positive image for the speaker.
- As already mentioned, do not forget about your gaze, it should be directed towards the audience; if you are asked a question, do not look away in order to better concentrate, by doing this you can create the image of an insincere person.
- Use subjunctive moods less if you don’t want to look uncertain or indecisive.

The surrounding or material image is your office, room, car. This is both the exterior and the interior - the style of the house as a whole, the color of the wallpaper, furniture, books, paintings. All this complements and tells more about you as a person. Therefore, look around and think about whether your home or office can create an unfavorable impression of you or, on the contrary, contribute to a change in your image.

Mental image – outlook on life, ethical and moral values, religiosity, worldviews, stereotypes. Everything you say shapes your personality in the eyes of others.

Accompanying or background image - reviews about you from the mouths of others. To put it simply, what will be said about you when you leave the room. If a person is public, then newspapers, magazines, television, the Internet (that is, the media) are added to this list.

Orthobiosis or healthy image life - support for physical and mental health. Health affects not only your well-being, but also your appearance, image, performance, and mood. As the Latin expression, familiar to everyone, says: a healthy mind in a healthy body. You will have more possibilities earn a positive image if you exude charm and attractiveness.

Eat regularly, preferably less, but more often, take into account seasonal, age and climatic features. In addition, it helps maintain normal body weight, which also plays an important role in a person’s image. To maintain good physical fitness not only is it necessary proper nutrition, but regular visits to the gym.

What else do you need to know about image?

First of all, it is integrity, each of the components creates the overall picture. As soon as one component is removed, the multi-layered image will collapse. None of the components should deny each other, but rather complement each other harmoniously.

Do not forget that the image and first impression are formed in a person’s mind in a few seconds, and it will take a very long time to change something later, so be always ready to show the created image.

It is necessary that the external manifestations of the image correspond to the internal state. Everything you put out there must come from you.

Analyze yourself, because it all starts with self-knowledge, highlight your own abilities and shortcomings, having studied them, you can consciously control yourself and improve yourself. You must master all the indicators of your image, and not just demonstrate them.

The created image either helps you establish and consolidate success in relationships with people, or, on the contrary, holds you back and hinders you. Therefore, the image should be logical, consistent and prepared in advance, and not random and spontaneous.

Image and style

Contrary to popular belief, image and style are two different concepts, but they cannot coexist without each other. If image is a role, then style is a reflection of a person’s inner “I”, his way of self-expression. Competent style is the ability to express yourself in the language of clothing and be understood. Once a person finds his style, he finds himself, his point of view and can demonstrate and defend it. If you are careful, then by the haircut, the cut of the jacket or the pattern on the shirt, you can easily figure out the style that a person prefers and the image that he strives for. Do not neglect accessories, for example, watches, earrings, a bracelet or a scarf, which can say more about the owner than any words. The chosen perfume reveals a person's personality and who he wants to appear to be. The relationship between the external and internal “I” of a person is reflected precisely in style. And style shapes image.

Perceiving and using criticism

It is impossible to improve or change your image without contact with people. Naturally, being in society, we hear criticism addressed to us. If you present yourself as a confident, successful, bright person, and understand that your image is successfully accepted by the public, then your image is confirmed. But if others perceive you as insecure, dependent and unreliable, then your image may be shaken. In other words, to support the image, you need outside support and the approval of other people.

Image of a business person

Due to increasing competition in the labor market, it is no longer enough to be a competent and qualified specialist in your field. If you want to advance career ladder or keep the long-awaited position you have already received, you need to carefully and thoughtfully create your image.

In addition to all of the above, the image of the company or organization itself affects the image of its employees. The company's image consists of: trust, respect, status, financial situation, authority, quality of services provided, etc. From this, the image of the company is formed and clients understand what kind of organization it is and what its goals are.

The image of the leader plays an important role; a holistic and consistent image must correspond to the values and expectations of the target group, in this case the team. Thus, the creation of an image occurs with the aim of modeling the way the boss is assessed in the minds of subordinates. According to reviews, employees want to see a good mentor and protector in their boss. That is why, in office legends, the leader is spoken of in exactly this way.

Another important point in image formation business man– this is the depth of knowledge in the area where you directly work. Strive to learn as much as possible about the organization where you work, about its competitors and your colleagues and managers. Study internal policies, image and rules. Stay up to date with events and new changes in the industry in which the company operates.

You must not only be a competent professional in your field, but also be able to carry on a conversation on other topics. Be it the results of a football match, this season's fashion, a modern image, a newly released film or environmental pollution issues. Or advise a colleague in what style to decorate the room for the upcoming holiday. The breadth of your knowledge is the next factor important for the image of a modern person.

Also, never forget about sincerity, honesty and enthusiasm while performing official duties. If your colleagues and subordinates sense your positive spirit, they will involuntarily pick it up, which, among other things, has a positive effect on your image and reviews.

There are three types of image - positive, negative and veiled. Most strive to create a positive image, but there are many examples of scandalous and negative images: these are politicians and representatives of show business, and less often managers commercial structures. A veiled image does exist, but it is created rather to support intrigue and mystery and is soon revealed.

The main function of a business person’s image is the compliance of the manager’s actions with the expectations of his employees. The stimulating and motivating function helps subordinates follow the leader and develop. The normative function of image is that the leader sets the rules and norms of interaction in the organization. If they are supported by the majority of employees, this contributes to further team unity, creating a pleasant climate and improving performance. Representative function - consists of the “internal” and “external” image of the leader. Internal image is the relationship directly within the company with employees. The internal image already forms the external image or positioning of the company in external environment. This is a relationship both with clients, customers and persons in contact with the organization, and with the public, which has no contact with it.

By the way, one of the fundamental factors in the image of a business person is marital status. This should not be neglected, because it shows what kind of person you are, your seriousness and focus. Family values, disseminated by the manager, positively contribute to the formation of his business image.

Psychology and temperament

Now let's understand the psychology of image formation.

Even from school lessons, we know that there is no clear division into extroverts or introverts, it’s just that for some people, one or another indicator prevails. It is the ratio of introversion and extraversion that plays a big role in the formation of the image.
Introverts are immersed in their own internal reality. It is a great pleasure for them to spend time alone, to reflect, during which their goals and objectives are formed. His understanding of his image includes the recognition of his own ideas by those around him.

Extroverts are in external reality. They enjoy spending time in large company; they want to please others; unlike introverts, they are people of action. Understanding your image includes recognition by others of your knowledge of people.

Let’s not forget about temperament; it plays a huge role in shaping the image of both a business person and a person in general. Anyone can become a leader, regardless of their temperament type, you just need to know the strengths and weaknesses of your type and use them correctly in a given situation.

You have to make different efforts when creating an image for people leadership positions with different types of temperaments. For representatives of the melancholic type of temperament, this is the most difficult to do, but they are the ones who least strive to be leaders. The most suitable temperament for the position of leader is a sanguine person, but its representatives need to make additional efforts in forming an image.

You will not be able to change your temperament, but by studying yourself you can easily disguise your weaknesses and emphasize strengths. IN different situations the same sides can be both weak and strong point when creating an image. An important point is to choose the right profession for your type of temperament. Most make their choice at the level of intuition, but if it has let you down or you feel difficult when choosing an activity, you can turn to a psychologist for help.

We all know that a leader is always a leader, but depending on temperament, the areas in which he will be useful may differ significantly. A choleric person will be very successful in the field of marketing if he successfully creates a team together with a phlegmatic person, who will be an excellent analyst. This will help him maintain a positive image in the eyes of his subordinates. The phlegmatic person will also be able to control the work process and the manager himself. It will help the leader avoid mistakes that may arise due to his impulsiveness. A person with a phlegmatic temperament type will successfully manage a scientific department as a manager.

Basically, when they talk about a woman’s image, they only talk about the image of a business woman. But a housewife, a teacher, and a secretary can also successfully create their own image.

Create a positive image for yourself by developing your communication skills, taking care of your appearance and honing your manners.

Appearance

A woman with an image should always look impeccable, be it a trip to a nearby store for bread, a business meeting with partners, or a date with a loved one. This means daily hygiene procedures, beautiful hair, clean underwear, an ironed shirt, polished nice shoes. No broken, bitten nails or chipped nail polish. Excess hair is always subject to immediate removal; pedicures, elbows, knees, feet, and heels are subject to regular care. If you don't want to lose the image of a modern woman. Makeup should always be in moderation, emphasizing the strengths and hiding the imperfections of the face. Elegantly defined eyebrows can change the proportions of the face for the better and draw attention to the eyes. You should not touch up your makeup or comb your hair in public. A woman should monitor her appearance and take care of her appearance and image always, and not just on the eve of an important meeting.

But looking great isn't always enough.

A graceful, confident gait, a straight back and a radiant smile will help you look dignified in the eyes of others. All these are important components of a woman's image.

Once a woman is satisfied with her appearance, her self-esteem increases and she feels comfortable. This attracts positive attention from others.

When forming an image both in your personal life and in your career, every word, movement, gesture, and mood plays an important role. No wonder Napoleon Bonaparte said that those who do not speak well will not climb the career ladder. A pleasant, melodic, gentle voice combined with clear articulation and good pronunciation is the key to being heard by your interlocutor and attracting the attention of others. This is one of the important points when creating an image. Maintain correct posture while talking - this will improve the flow of air, and your voice will become more pleasant and it will be easier to speak.

There are many people who are not satisfied with their voice. Naturally, we need to work on it. Of course, there are voices that you like, listen to them, try to reproduce them in your head and then pronounce them. Read aloud for 20 minutes every day. Do not ignore tongue twisters, they will improve articulation, and you will not be afraid of getting into any embarrassment or ruining your image. Pay attention to timbre, tempo, beat, expressiveness, try recording yourself on a voice recorder. Listen and try to understand what is wrong, what is the problem and repeat this for so long until you like the recorded voice.

Woman at work

A woman must remain a woman in any conditions, she must always maintain femininity and dignity. It’s unlikely that anyone will like the image of a rude “butch” when choosing a business partner or employee. A married woman will certainly experience pressure: on the one hand, family circumstances, on the other, work pressure. A businesswoman must always do her work carefully, but at the same time, household chores fall on her fragile shoulders. To maintain a positive image, it is better to carefully disguise problems in your personal life and continue to work conscientiously, and preferably better than your male colleagues. Unfortunately, I don’t want to admit it, but almost no woman has yet found happiness after abandoning her family. So, having taken on a responsible position, do not allow work to the detriment of your family.

Your appearance should not conflict with your workplace and image. Lacy stockings, deep neckline, provocative makeup are not acceptable. IN winter time have spare office shoes, do not sit in outerwear or a hat, this is not nice, both in relation to clients and employees.

Change of image

We have already talked about creating an image, let's look at changing the image, in what cases it is necessary and why. If you changed your job, moved to new team, climbed the career ladder, realized that they had greatly transformed internally, changed their social position or moved into a new age-old category (for example, a woman who has crossed the 30-year mark is no longer suitable for the image that was before). Also, changing your image is a good cure for depression, helps you discover new sides of your personality and look at the world with different eyes.

You can change your image yourself or use the services of image makers, but not everyone can afford the latter. So how can you do it yourself? First, think about the image you are striving for, write it down in detail on paper, or type on the computer what you want to change or add. Be guided by your desires, but do not forget about the environment where you live - work, family, social status. Now compare your current image and the one you are striving for. Don’t skip this stage, because this way you can identify the weaknesses of your image and prevent mistakes in the future, as well as save time and money.

It is advisable that the list be compiled in ascending order, from the smallest changes to the most significant and cardinal, so it will be easier for you to get used to the changes in your image and achieve your goal. But if your plans include significant weight loss and public speaking training, then you need to start right away with them, because this is a long process that will take a lot of time and effort. It's not two shopping trips and one to the hairdresser. This way you can change your style, but not your image.

A good place to start is by deep cleaning your home. Immediately get rid of old or unnecessary things; they are not needed in your new life. It’s not for nothing that Eastern sages say: “clean your house, cleanse your mind.” After this, the second phase of change begins - clearing the memory. Forget old grievances, get over it, because the negative energy inside you primarily harms you and your image.

After getting rid of internal and external ballasts, you should rethink your life guidelines. Do what you have been putting off, what you have been dreaming about for so long. Read books, study other cultures, go to the gym, attend image training, take a photography course, or start crocheting. In general, do everything to expand your horizons, do not let the everyday routine drag you into its depths. Try keeping a journal where you write down your thoughts on what you have done on your list of changes. You will see positive changes in your image and when you give up and decide to give up everything, flip through its pages and you will see how long you have been walking and how stupid it would be to stop halfway.

Another important step when changing your image is changing your appearance. All changes happen when a person changes his image. After all, your appearance reflects your personality. All changes are harmoniously interconnected: there will be no external changes, there will be no internal ones and vice versa. You can buy a couple of magazines or watch a program about changing your image and appearance. Also, now there are a lot of training videos with practical advice on the Internet. But if you are afraid of getting into trouble, seek advice from the salon. A professional will help, taking into account your individual characteristics, choose makeup, haircut, hair color, which will create a positive image for you. She will share advice on the style that will suit you, the style and cut that will hide flaws and highlight your strengths.

Be ready for changes and let new sensations and emotions into your life. And you won't regret it!

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

State educational institution higher professional education

AMUR STATE UNIVERSITY (GOUVPO "AmSU")

Department of ETISU

TEST

on the topic: Etiquette and image of a leader

discipline: Ethics and culture of management

Blagoveshchensk 2011

Introduction

1. Leader etiquette

2 Image of the leader

2.1 The concept of a leader’s image

2.2 Tools and methods for forming and developing the image of a leader

Conclusion

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

All other things being equal, people more easily accept the position of a person towards whom they have an emotionally positive attitude, and vice versa, it is more difficult to accept (and often reject) the position of a person towards whom they have an emotionally negative attitude. Many individuals naturally have an attractive image and are endowed with charm. To a large extent, our initial impression of other people is based on their external appearance. However, the lack of external attractiveness should not interfere with the creation of a favorable image. Charm is not so much visual attractiveness, but completeness of trust, spiritual disposition towards people.

The image (from the English image - image) is usually understood as the formed image of a business person (organization), in which value characteristics and traits are highlighted that have a certain impact on others. The image is formed during a person’s personal contacts, based on the opinions expressed about him by others.

Acquiring an attractive image is not an end in itself, but mastering it is a very significant personal and professional characteristic. The desire to cooperate with a specific person or company largely depends on the image. An attractive image is one of the factors determining business success.

Recently, more and more managers are realizing the need to work on their own image. Forming a positive image of an organization, person or product is one of current problems social and economic life of modern Russia.

1. ETIQUETTE OF A MANAGER

Etiquette is a set of rules of behavior that regulate the external manifestations of human relationships (dealing with others, forms of communication and greetings, behavior in public places, manners and clothing). Etiquette, like communication, can be divided into business and informal. Business Etiquette regulates the behavior of people related to the performance of their official duties. Unofficial (secular) etiquette regulates communication in the sphere of leisure and satisfaction of material and spiritual needs (when eating, selecting items of clothing, organizing celebrations, attending theater performances, concerts, sports shows, etc.).

A manager of any rank, especially the first person of an organization, upon entering an office building, must greet everyone he meets, be it a security guard, a cleaning lady who was somewhat delayed and did not have time to complete the cleaning by the beginning of the working day, and other employees. The manager who was the first to notice and the first to greet any of his subordinates is a very pleasant phenomenon, and the subordinate with whom the manager greeted first will experience feelings of gratitude and appreciation for the leader, which is the key to good work. If the manager is in his office, and a visitor enters the office, the owner of the office gets up, buttons his jacket (if it was unbuttoned, and this is allowed if the person is sitting) and leaves the table, greeting the visitor.

In this case, the owner of the office always shakes hands first (gender and age do not play a role).

You should not go towards the visitor with an outstretched hand - it looks comical.

Under no circumstances should you extend your hand across the table to shake hands - this is impolite. This rule applies not only in the office premises and not only for the manager, but for all employees and for all types of official situations, for example, for business receptions, meetings, conferences, meetings, etc.

The head - owner of the office usually invites the visitor to sit down. A seat facing or sideways to the window is considered more honorable, while the owner of the office usually tries to sit facing the door, since it may be necessary to briefly communicate with the secretary or any of the employees appearing at the door of the office; in this case, it is enough for the manager to make a mean but expressive hand gesture, meaning “I’m very busy.” If the owner of the office does not see the front door, the employee or secretary will have to go through the entire office and approach the manager to hear the same “I’m very busy.” And the whole situation risks looking ridiculous, and the manager himself may seem not very polite - both in relation to his employees and in relation to the visitor. Let us dwell on one small detail: it is accepted, even in an official setting, for a woman to enter the office as a visitor , do not indicate a specific place where she should sit. A woman can choose her own place; Note that most often this place is with your back to the window.

In this case, the owner of the office can say: “Please sit down where it is more convenient for you.”

The manager's personal contact essentially comes down to a conversation. Conducting a conversation requires the ability to express one's thoughts accurately, concisely, in an ethical manner and to be able to listen to the interlocutor.

A manager should not interrupt a subordinate or display so-called lordly manners. But the subordinate, in turn, is required to conduct a conversation only on the merits of the matter, without wasting the manager’s time.

In general, we can say that the ability to lead business conversation mandatory for every employee; this is his direct official responsibility.

If during a conversation between a manager and a subordinate, for one reason or another, there are other employees in the office, they are advised to refrain from interfering in the conversation. If these employees are specifically called by the manager in order to explain a fact, they should participate in the conversation only when the manager asks.

Sometimes the manager wants to treat a visitor. Tea, coffee, and soft drinks are used as treats, but nothing more, since the manager’s office is not a place for a reception. Typically, tea or coffee is offered to the visitor a few minutes after the conversation begins. Baked goods (cookies, muffins) are rarely served, and only if the secretary decides to serve confectionery, they should be such that there is no need to break or cut them, since this will result in crumbs that both the visitor and the owner of the office do not know what to do with.

The supply of tea and coffee is usually organized by the secretary, and served directly by the secretary or an employee specially allocated for this purpose. Usually the filing order is worked out once and for all, so practically no problems arise. Cups and a teapot (or coffee pot) are placed on a tray brought in by the secretary, the cup is filled 3/4 full and given to the visitor with the right hand, if circumstances do not prevent this, to the visitor’s right. The cup is also removed with the right hand and to the left of the guest. If there is more than one visitor in the manager’s office, a certain order in serving coffee or tea is observed: first to the female visitor, then to the male visitors, and lastly to the owner of the office. Used dishes are removed in the same order. Sometimes visitors are located in the manager's office in such a way that it is difficult to maintain the required order of serving coffee. In this case, it is permissible for the secretary to leave a tray with cups and a coffee pot or with already filled cups on the table, in an accessible place, and visitors themselves take the cups from the tray. Usually this form of presentation is determined by the owner of the office, telling the secretary: “Leave the tray here, we will handle it ourselves.”

Another reminder to the manager, of the nature ethical standard: a leader must treat all his subordinates equally, and everyone must be treated equally. Selection from general team any of the subordinates - according to the principle of “favorites”, to whom everything is allowed: to be late for meetings without a good reason, to leave during a meeting, to be late for work and not receive any comments, etc. Favoritism not only does not contribute to unity, mutual understanding, and cohesion of the team; moreover, it divides the team and causes unethical actions dictated by envy, mistrust, hostility, partiality, and an inadequate assessment of the situation.

It is also bad to “blame” all the flaws and shortcomings on one of the subordinates in the team, even if this person really has shortcomings in work or official behavior. Of course, such behavior will be assessed accordingly by the manager, but one cannot a priori see him as the culprit of all the troubles of the team.

If the shortcomings of a subordinate are not directly related to the work, the manager should treat them tolerantly and encourage other team members to have the same attitude; This will help prevent possible conflict and split in the team. Thus, a competent, knowledgeable, talented leader is quite democratic in dealing with his subordinates, but knows how to keep the necessary distance, without turning tolerance into familiarity and familiarity, does not allow rudeness, arrogance, is not hypocritical, but also does not show tactlessness.

It is necessary to say a few words about the ethics of a leader’s behavior during a business meeting. The meeting should start exactly at the appointed time, without waiting for those who are late, since compliance with the rules of the meeting, including its start time, is a sign of respect for those present.

The style of the meeting is extremely businesslike; the manager should not propose issues for discussion that are not listed on the agenda or deviate from the regulations. You cannot “put pressure” on subordinates - participants in the meeting, imposing this or that decision on them.

Democracy, brevity, efficiency, precise adherence established order- in a word, compliance by the manager with these requirements will ensure the ethics of the business meeting.

The manager conducting the meeting should also not constantly look at wrist watch. This leaves a depressing impression on the participants, who may feel that they are wasting management's time. It is necessary in the room where the meeting is held to have Wall Clock. If this is not the case for some reason, and you need to keep track of time, you should take off your wristwatch and, putting it in front of you, look at it as needed.

It is unethical for a manager to interrogate a person who is late for a meeting about the reason for his lateness. There is no need to interrupt the progress of the meeting for this; and the latecomer should not have to explain the reason. A business person won't be late, but if he does, there's obviously a good reason for it. However, after the meeting, it still makes sense for the manager to find out what caused the subordinate to be late, or at least make a reprimand to him. And from an ethical point of view, being late for a meeting by the manager himself is completely excluded. A manager should constantly monitor himself in contacts with subordinates, remembering that each subordinate is not only a performer of certain official functions, but also an individual with his own interests, personal goals, and his own opinion about his work and its value and quality. A leader must treat every subordinate with respect and strengthen his faith in himself, in his abilities, in his creative potential.

Good manners and others necessary qualities, ethical behavior and actions of a leader are always “in sight” of subordinates. The way a leader behaves, sooner or later all his subordinates will behave the same way. Practice shows that even if in a group headed by a given leader there is an employee who has his own, individual style of behavior, after some time the standards of behavior of the leader and other team members will prevail over his personal standards.

Particular attention should be paid to the etiquette of a senior manager, i.e. the first person of the organization. Head of the organization (president, CEO, rector, chairman of the board) is the face of the entire organization. The entire organization is judged by his appearance, manner of behavior, and the degree to which he fulfills the requirements of business etiquette; one small, but unfortunate detail in behavior, one, even insignificant, but unethical act, can spoil the impression of others about the organization as a whole. Therefore, the protocol group of the organization, no matter how numerous it is, and the leader himself, who is the first person of this organization, do not have the right not to pay attention to external appearance. Clothing, manners, behavior, external manifestation of mood - everything must be impeccable. Note that in most cases, a person’s clothing determines his status, and since the status of the first person of the organization is the highest for a given company, he is allowed and even recommended the appropriate attributes of his position: expensive accessories, a more confident and decisive manner of behavior, etc.

Managers of all ranks should take into account the specifics of communication with representatives of the media. It is advisable for managers, especially the first persons of the organization, when dealing with journalistic circles, to carefully monitor their answers to questions, not allowing certain words to be distorted, and firmly and resolutely suppress the desire that arises among some journalists to turn any message into a certain " fried" fact. This is difficult, especially since the leader simply does not have the right to demonstrate unethicality and immorality, which manifests itself, for example, even in such a seemingly innocent thing as litany? chmopipnal coloring of statements or the assumption of slang expressions in speech, even if it is “departmental” jargon.

So, if a low-level or middle-level manager has an increased demand in moral terms, then from the first person the ethical demand has the following high level that “mere mortals” can’t even see this bar from below!

2. IMAGE OF THE MANAGER

2.1 The concept of a leader’s image

The personality of a leader plays a very important role in business. Often the company as a whole is judged by personality. Therefore, the problem of image formation is becoming increasingly urgent for managers. The image of a leader contributes to solving many problems of the organization, helping to implement effective management.

The word image (from French or English image) literally translated into Russian means “image”, “appearance”. This term can apply to a large number of objects and phenomena that are perceived by people in one way or another and leave a mark on their consciousness. These may be individuals, some social groups, organizations, consumer goods, trade marks etc. In relation to the personality of the head of the company, this concept can be interpreted as follows: image is a holistic, consistent image of the leader in the minds of others, corresponding to the goals, norms, values accepted in the target group, and the expectations set by group members for the leader. Several key words of this definition make it possible to distinguish between the concepts of image and style, which are often synonymous for the average person.

The first of them is “holistic”. It means that the structure of a leader’s image includes not only his appearance (hairstyle, clothes, accessories, etc.), but also everything on the basis of which others form an opinion about the person. This may include the leadership style, the general personality of the leader, his communication and interaction skills, manner of speaking, etc.

The second key word is “consistent.” It should be understood that the external manifestation of the image must correspond to the internal state of a person. The concept of congruence, i.e., the correspondence of some image elements to others, is most suitable for describing this side of the image.

The following keywords can be combined into a common block that characterizes the corporate culture of the organization: “goals”, “norms”, “values” and “expectations” of the target group - in this case, a team of subordinates.

These terms take the concept of image beyond the personality of the leader and force us to look at the problem from the point of view of the organization as a whole. In its most simplified form, this means that the image of a leader as a holistic and consistent image must correspond to certain characteristics organizational culture. There are quite strict ideas about what kind of leader should be in an organization with a particular type of corporate culture. So, for example, a patriarchal culture requires a leader who would play the role of a father, a caring patron, a relationship-oriented person who delves deeply into the problems of subordinates and shows an active interest in resolving them, no matter what area it concerns.

In an entrepreneurial culture, the optimal image for a manager is the image of a successful businessman with the greatest number of external signs success: expensive things (cars, watches, Haute Couture clothes, etc.), a large number of current affairs, meetings, conferences, negotiations, etc. A similar correspondence exists for other types of organizational culture, as well as for various types of management teams .

Thus, the main goal of image formation is to model the way a leader is perceived by subordinates, in which he organically fits into the system of expectations of subordinates, corresponding to the existing type of corporate culture.

2.2 Tools and methods for forming and developing the image of a leader

A manager should begin working on creating his image by setting a goal. Often the main task of a person who has decided to improve his image comes down to deciding why he needs it. The goal of a manager may be to increase influence over subordinates, improve the image of the department entrusted to him, or achieve success in certain negotiations. Depending on the goal, a decision is made on methods for forming and developing the image.

Then a modern manager must decide whether he will manage with his own funds or resort to the help of specialists. It is a common practice in the world to work with agencies or individual specialists - image makers. If the manager’s goal is global, then it is possible to contact such an agency. To achieve a local goal, you can use your own means. In Russia, the practice of working with agencies is not very popular and is just beginning to develop. It is more common to turn to private practitioners. However, when choosing such a specialist, mistakes are possible. Currently, many courses are being created to train image makers. Most graduates of these courses are not. Typically, training in such courses comes down to the basics of etiquette. Despite the importance of these disciplines, the courses do not provide a holistic view of the image in general and the image of a leader in particular. Attention is paid only to the external side of the problem.

If a manager decides that he will carry out work to improve his image on his own, this means that he must highlight the components of the image creation process, and then turn to specialists for each individual component. Probably this approach can give maximum effect. In the process of identifying image components, it is important to avoid the mistake of excessive detail. It is necessary to remember the end goal and clearly imagine the result.

Another important task for a manager who has begun work on shaping his image is the issue of adequately assessing the current situation. No person, by definition, is able to evaluate himself objectively. In order to receive necessary information, it is recommended to use multiple paths.

First of all, a person must clearly formulate his self-esteem, i.e. understand how he represents himself. Despite the obviousness of this fact, many people, including managers, do not even think about it. However, if a manager decides to change his image, he must evaluate what he wants to change, what strong and weak qualities he possesses at the time of making this decision. Naturally, such an assessment will be subjective, but it cannot be otherwise. It is recommended that self-assessment be done in writing, since a person’s opinion of himself can be quite vague, and written form presentation requires the use of specific words. Possible use tabular form the following contents (Table 1).

Table 1 – Example of a form used when conducting a self-assessment

The form of the table may be different, for example, it may contain an assessment of qualities on some scale. If you have difficulties in self-esteem, it is advisable to consult a psychologist. If a person cannot clearly formulate his idea of himself (it does not matter whether it coincides with the opinions of others), then he will experience difficulties in the further process of image formation. The next step is to use criticism constructively.

It takes some courage to ask others to make critical comments. Many people prefer not to injure themselves. similar procedure. However, it is necessary to achieve the final goal. It is advisable for this purpose to find people who are sincerely interested. You should explain to them the desire to change some aspect of self-presentation and ask for help and advice. You should also ask the “assistant” to be specific and thorough.

It is worth paying attention to compliments addressed to you. Some compliments make you doubt the sincerity of your motives. The most effective compliments are those with which a person internally agrees and which receive confirmation from other sources.

Sometimes others criticize a person’s ability to present himself completely involuntarily. For example, if interlocutors constantly ask to repeat what a person has just said, being unable to understand his speech, they are thereby criticizing one of the aspects of his method of self-presentation.

Typically, second-hand criticisms such as “they say that...” are not constructive. When analyzing such comments, you should understand what motives are behind them and whether they should be taken into account. However, in some cases it is worth paying attention to such comments.

The manager can conduct a survey among his employees. The questionnaire should not be directly devoted to its development. Questions must be worded carefully to ensure that subordinates answer sincerely. You can place questions on attitudes towards the manager’s personality and management methods among others, for example, on improving product quality. When compiling such a questionnaire, it is also advisable to take the help of a specialist. It is possible to use the technique expert assessment. However, when applying this technique, the help of a specialist is necessary. The manager cannot use it independently, since in this case the answers will be far from reality (especially if this is a top-level manager).

Thus, the manager must determine for himself the goal of the image development strategy, and, if possible, the end result (“ideal image development strategy”) and the initial basis for formation, i.e. the image currently available. After this, the process of creating an image is divided into its component parts, and ways to achieve the goal and its approximate time frame for each of the components are determined.

Forming an image is not a change in a person’s personality. This process cannot make one person completely different. Therefore, it is important for a manager to know the basics of psychology in order to be able to assess the psychological characteristics of one’s own personality and competently use one’s strengths and weaknesses. Understanding personality traits can help understand the reasons for the existence of the created, original strategy. Knowing one’s own strengths and weaknesses (for performing any work, since there are practically no advantages and disadvantages “at all”, with the exception of observing moral standards) is a significant advantage of every leader.

This knowledge is the key to the correct application of advantages and avoidance of situations associated with the manifestation of shortcomings. This knowledge alone can help improve the impression made by the leader on others, which, in fact, is the image. On the other hand, knowledge of psychology allows a manager to correctly evaluate the actions of subordinates and shape their attitude towards themselves.

In this regard, it is also advisable to consider ways to save working time.

A good illustration of this principle is the practice of US President Dwight Eisenhower, who considered all cases based on two criteria: importance and urgency. Based on this, he placed all his affairs in the cells of a simple matrix shown in the figure

1. Type A tasks, being urgent and important, must be solved immediately. Tasks of type B, as important, but not too urgent, require attention and determination of deadlines, without which they at some point risk turning into tasks of category A. It is advisable to delegate tasks of type B to subordinates or specialists, since these things must be done urgently , but they are not too important. The manager may forget about type D tasks. The trap that most managers fall into is that they deal mainly with things of category D and C and fail to cope with things A and B. This often happens because things of type D and C are easier to do and their results are obvious, which psychologically strengthens person.

Figure 1 – Eisenhower Matrix

A manager needs to learn to distinguish “important” from “urgent”; the implementation of the Pareto Principle will help him in this. According to this rule, 20% of vital matters are equal in importance to 80%. Conversely, 80% of what you do has only 20% payload. This rule applies to all aspects of business and personal life (Figure 2).

Figure 2 – Pareto principle

A manager can also use a daily time tracking card developed by A. Gastev to track his time. In Figure 3 we present a fragment of A. Gastev’s personal time card, developed by him back in the twenties. It starts for one day. On the left side of the card the type of activity is recorded, on the right, on a scale of one cell - 30 minutes, the time when and for how long was performed is noted this type activities. Testing on a large group of people showed that Gastev’s cards continue to be one of the best tools for monitoring one’s time.

Table 2 – A. Gastev’s daily time card

The process of time tracking using A. Gastev’s cards is divided into several stages. The first stage is to keep track of time for one week, during which time the “code” column is not filled in. In the “Type of activity” column, the type of work, rest, etc. is recorded. The time during which this type of activity was performed is noted on the right side of the card by coloring the cells. Time scale – 0.5 hour/cell. You should round up to 15 minutes, using half of one cell for this purpose. At first, it is advisable to keep records every hour; filling out the card either retroactively or in advance is not allowed.

At the end of the first week, for ease of analysis, it is necessary to give each type of work and rest its own code, which in some way reflects their character. You should not use letters for the code; they are less memorable.

Combine similar types of work under one code, but do not try to reduce all types of activities to 3–4 codes. Their optimal number is 15 – 20. For example:

After the codes have been generated, they must be entered in the appropriate column of the accounting cards. Now everything is ready for analysis.

In Figure 3 we present a fragment of time analysis using Gastev’s cards. On the left, in the vertical column, activity codes are written. The horizontal line gives the time scale, which is also taken as 0.5 hour/cell. Then, the data from the accounting cards is transferred to the graph for analyzing the results of time tracking, with the days separated by vertical lines, as shown in the figure, and the number of the month is placed above the horizontal lines showing the duration of a given type of activity (work, rest). This order makes it easier to further decoding analysis results.

Figure 3 – Fragment of time analysis using Gastev cards

Leaders view distractions as part of their job. Table 3 provides examples of distractions and ways to solve problems.

Table 3 - Distractions and solutions to the problem

Distractions	Solution
Emails/immediate emails	– The manager should not check email unnecessarily; – The manager should disconnect from the system immediate message transmission
Requests for information	– Persons to whom the manager entrusts matters must have necessary information and powers; – The manager must respond in a timely manner to requests from necessary persons
Unscheduled visitors	– The manager may say that he is busy and set a meeting time or inform what time does he have; – The manager can hang a clock for receiving visitors on the office door
Telephone	– The manager may not respond to unscheduled calls; – The manager must call and answer calls to certain time; – A manager should call people before lunch or before the end of the working day, this will reduce talk time

You should also take into account 7 time management methods that guarantee high performance. More precisely, these are ways proper organization own thinking. We'll call them "7R" because the name of each one is on English language starts with R.

The first “R” is Resistance. Every time a manager experiences difficulties at work or encounters failure, he becomes upset. In this situation, the manager, instead of forcing events, should engage in analysis.

The second “R” is Reevalute (revision, re-examination of the situation). Every time you encounter a reaction, you need to re-examine everything that is happening.

Third "R" giving the greatest efficiency work – Reorganization. A manager needs to constantly reschedule his work to get more done and get more of the most important things done. The manager must be prepared for reorganization.

The fourth “R” is Restructuring. It means spending as much time as possible doing the 20% of work that has the highest value and as little as possible on the rest. Restructuring allows you to get more and more valuable work done.

The fifth “R” is Reengineering. This is a constant simplification of the work process, a constant search for ways to do your work easier and faster. It is advisable for the manager to make a list of all stages of the work process. For example, the first stage is a phone call, then setting up an appointment, meeting with potential client etc. The manager must make a complete list of steps and try to shorten the list. The second stage of reengineering is to transfer all low-value tasks to other people.

The sixth “R” is Reinventing. You need to think about what you like to do and try to “reinvent” yourself.

The seventh “R” is Regain control. A leader needs to control himself, take full responsibility, not indulge himself and not blame others.

Planning is of particular importance in the process of creating an image. The importance of planning in the life of any person striving to achieve success is emphasized in the works of almost all authors. Without a rationally drawn up plan, achieving any final goal, including the desired image, is almost impossible.

This approach significantly saves time and makes work more efficient. Activities to improve development strategies should be included in the work plan along with other activities.

Depending on the goal, these activities may be actions to improve external strategy(for example, visiting a hairdresser, cosmetologist, makeup artist), or actions aimed at improving the psychological component (visiting a psychologist, taking courses, studying foreign language etc.). It is almost impossible to create an exhaustive list of activities; actions depend on the goal. If any image enhancement activity is planned solely for the sake of prestige (because that's what everyone is doing), it will not contribute to achieving desired result. Any action taken by a leader (no doubt a busy person) must serve a specific purpose and be carried out absolutely consciously.

The manager should use workday planning tools. Recommended planning tools: “keep in mind”; to-do list; mind map; secretary; "mop method"

“Keep in mind”, this method should be used when there is only one task for the day. Or on weekends or on vacation. When the results are not so critical and the density of cases is low. The advantages of the method are that it is easy to apply; nothing additional is needed except the head. But there are also disadvantages: limited to only one task; risk of losing, forgetting tasks; there is no way to objectively evaluate “what I wanted/what I achieved.”

To-do list and mind map. These are two structurally different ways of presenting information on paper. Table 4 provides comparative data for each instrument.

Table 4 - Comparison of to-do list and mind map

Secretary. Its advantages are that it can radically make life easier. But there are also disadvantages: expensive; requires time to select a suitable secretary and introduce him to the specifics of the work.

"Mop Method" The essence of the method is to make a to-do list and periodically determine priorities, completing only the important ones. The advantages of the method are that it is the fastest tool leading to success. No wonder it was valued at 25 thousand dollars. The disadvantages are: difficult to use in office work mode; requires high motivation to deal with “uninteresting” tasks first.

It is possible to use a functional matrix. This method clearly represents the main functions and stages of responsible people.

The 5W2H method is good for building and developing an image. In accordance with this method, called 5W2H - an abbreviation for the English words what (what), why (why), where (where), when (when), who (who), how (how), how much (how much). These questions are presented in Table 5.

Table 5 – Tabular interpretation of the 5W2H method

Aspect	5W2H	Description
The essence of the subject	What (what)	1.What needs to be done? 2. What is being done? 3. What should be done? 4. What else can be done? 5. What else needs to be done?
Staff	Who (who)	1.Who does this all the time? 2. Who is doing this currently? 3. Who should do this? 4. Who else could do this? 5. Who else should do this?
Accommodation	Where (where)	1.Where should this be done? 2. Where was it made? 3. Where else can this be done? 4. Where else should this be done? 5. Where should this be done?
Subsequence	When	1.When should this be done? 2. When was this done? 3. When should this be done? 4. When else can this be done? 5. When else should this be done?
Rationale	Why (why)	1.Why does he do this? 2. Why should this be done? 3. Why do it here? 4. Why this should be done? 5. Why is it done this way?
Method	How (how)	1.How should I do this? 2. How is it done? 3. How should this be done? 4. Is it possible to use this method in somewhere else? 5. Is there another way to do this?
Expenses	How much (how much)	1.How much does it cost now? 2. How much will it cost after improvements?

We reviewed the most well-known methods. There is none universal methodology, which could immediately cover all aspects of the problem under study. All managers in their activities must use methods and tools for forming and developing an image. After all, image is the key to the success of a modern manager.

Thus, the above tools and techniques will allow modern managers to develop their effective image.

norm etiquette tool image leader

CONCLUSION

The personality of a leader plays a very important role in business. Often the company as a whole is judged by personality. Good manners and other necessary qualities, ethical behavior and actions of a leader are always “in sight” of subordinates.

At all times there were and are people with different attitudes to etiquette. This attitude depended and depends on the upbringing, education and development of the moral needs of the individual, which presuppose the presence of a desire for a moral attitude towards oneself on the part of others and the same desire to treat people morally. Good knowledge and compliance with etiquette standards is one of the components of an attractive image.

Image is a holistic, consistent image of a leader in the minds of others, corresponding to the goals, norms, values accepted in the target group, and the expectations of group members for the leader.

The problem of image formation is becoming increasingly urgent for managers. The image of a leader contributes to solving many problems of the organization, helping to implement effective management.

The main goal of image formation is to model the way a leader is perceived by subordinates, in which he organically fits into the system of expectations of subordinates, corresponding to the existing type of corporate culture.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST

1. Bettjer F. Yesterday’s loser is today a successful businessman / F. Bettzher. - M.: Agency “FAIR”, 1998. – 360 p.

2. Botavina R.N. Ethics of business relations / R.N. Botavina. – M.: Finance and Statistics, 2003. – 208 p.

3. Gorchakova R.R. Image modern leader// Bulletin of Mordovian University. - 2009. - No. 3. - P. 142-143.

4. Gorchakova R.R. Tools and methods for forming and developing the image of a modern manager // Bulletin of the Mordovian University. - 2010. - No. 1. - P. 81-94.

5. Dobrobabenko E.V. Image of a leader // Human potential management. - 2005. - No. 4. - P. 67-71.

6. Kibanov A.Ya. Ethics of business relations / A.Ya. Kibanov, D.K. Zakharov. – M.:INFRA-M, 2004. – 368 p.

7. Lavrinenko V.N. Psychology and ethics business communication/ V.N. Lavrinenko. – M.: UNITY-DANA, 2003. – 415 p.

8. Ryshchanova U.M. The difficult art of managing: Image and culture of a leader // Library Science. - 2008. - No. 5. - P. 10-11.

9. Makarushkina M. The meaning and method of forming an effective image of a leader // Human Potential Management. - 2005. - No. 4. - P. 72-75.

10. Shushkevich S.V. Personality and image of a leader // Human Potential Management. - 2006. - No. 3. - P. 258-262.

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What else you need to know about image formation

Like the first impression of a person, his image is formed over a very short period of time. To change it later, you will need to try a lot. Therefore, it is better to always be ready to demonstrate your image.

The image that a person himself creates either helps him strengthen and develop success in interpersonal relationships, or slows him down in this. Every effort must be made to ensure that it is not random and spontaneous, but carefully thought out and conscious.

And finally, another important component of a person’s image is to strive to really be, and not just seem. This means that you need to try to master all of the above elements of your image, and not just demonstrate them.

A person’s image consists of several components:

The external image of a person - clothes, hairstyle, accessories and other attributes (tattoos, piercings...) that can say a lot about you. Your clothes should say a few words for you before you open your mouth. You should also pay attention to personal hygiene issues - clean, trimmed nails; no dandruff on the head; fresh breath odor; a clean-shaven face (if you are a man) and appropriate makeup (if you are a woman), etc. A person’s appearance primarily affects his image. Always take care of yourself and your image, always remember what impression you make on people.

The facial image of a person - facial expressions, facial expressions, smile. Nothing reflects the feelings of a person’s soul more than his facial expressions (facial features) and gaze. Therefore, you need to know to what extent you master facial expressions, how much they express what you want to demonstrate.
Study your face, find out what happens to your lips, eyebrows and forehead when you utter phrases of varying emotionality (friendly, funny, cheerful, sad, tragic, contemptuous, etc.). Watch how your facial expressions change and whether they convey emotions corresponding to the phrases. A mirror will help you with this.

The kinetic image of a person – gait and posture, movements and gestures. People who walk with a pompous air, skipping or stooping, people with a shuffling gait make a negative impression. Also, you can make an unfavorable impression if you sit in a chair, slumped, or throwing your leg over the armrest, or in some other inappropriate position. Avoid excesses and excesses. Walk and sit straight, without tension. If your gait and posture are far from ideal, play sports, it will help.

The verbal image of a person is expressed in his voice, in his manner of speaking, in the style and turns of speech that a person uses, in his vocabulary (the same idea can be conveyed to the interlocutor in different words). The power of influence depends on the choice of intonation and the right word: use mainly words that emphasize your reliability and integrity, emphasize the words that are most important to you with your voice (a sudden rise or fall highlights a single word or a whole phrase well). Your speech should be reasoned, logical and persuasive, and it should promote thought.

A person’s mental image – worldview, principles, ethical guidelines, religious beliefs, social stereotypes. People can be divided into materialists and idealists, creators and destroyers, optimists and pessimists, those expecting miracles and non-believers, those who believe in the power of money or the power of relationships, etc.

The background image of a person is information received about a person from certain sources (for example, from the media, from acquaintances, partners, clients, etc.), this is “rumor” that runs ahead of you. It turns out like this - first you work for the image, and then the image works for you.

The material image of a person is the car you drive, the bed you sleep on, and the dishes you eat from. This is what the house itself looks like, the furnishings in it - family values, family albums, books, films, paintings on the walls. All this tells about your real image. Therefore, before inviting guests into your home, think about whether your home can somehow change (spoil, improve or consolidate) the image that you have already created.