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Rules for technical operation of diesel power plants. Features of operation of backup and mobile power plants

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Mandatory for diesel power plants of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation, design, engineering, construction, installation, repair and commissioning organizations performing work in relation to these diesel power plants
Developers: NIPICTI “Selenergoproekt”, Northern Electricity of the net POEiE “Yakutskenergo”, JSC “Elvis” under the leadership of Kuroptev S.T. and Savvinova Yu.N.
Editorial commission: chairman - Nuzhin V.P., members of the commission - Mudrov V.P., Golodnov Yu.M Ph.D. Belyaev V.I. Shatrov V.V., Zaslavsky B.E. Kharchev V.V., Khanas V.M., Kanaev E.V. Proshutinsky A.M.
Introduction

"Rules technical operation diesel power plants" determine the procedure for organizing the operation of equipment, heat engineering and cable communications of diesel power plants (DES).
The rules apply to stationary diesel power plants owned by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation with a capacity of 500 kW and above.
The rules do not apply to backup and mobile diesel power plants.
The need to develop these Rules arose due to the fact that those issued in 1989 do not apply to diesel power plants.
However, given that many provisions of these Rules are applicable to diesel power plants, for the convenience of using the document, some provisions of the PTE of power plants and networks are repeated in these Rules.
Requirements for design, construction, installation, repair and installation power plants These Rules are stated very briefly, since they are considered in the current normative and technical documentation. These include:
- "Norms technological design diesel power plants. NTPD-90";
- ;
- ;
- Building codes and rules (SNiP);
- State standards of the USSR;
- "Guidelines on the scope of technological measurements, alarms and automatic regulation at thermal power plants. RD 34.35.101-88".
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
1. Organization of operation
1.1. Objectives and organizational structure
1.2. Acceptance of equipment and structures into operation
1.3. Personnel training
1.4. Monitoring the efficiency of diesel power plants
1.5. Technical Supervision. Control over the organization of operation
1.6. Maintenance, repair, modernization and reconstruction
1.7. Technical documentation
1.8. Metrological support
1.9. Safety precautions
1.10. Fire safety
1.11. Environmental requirements
1.12. Responsibility for compliance with technical operation rules
2. Territory, industrial buildings and structures
2.1. Territory
2.2. Industrial buildings and structures
3. Thermomechanical equipment
3.1. Fuel economy
3.2. Oil farming
3.3.Energy oils
3.4. To supply
3.5. Pipelines and fittings
3.6. Diesel engine
3.7. Technological protection of diesel generator
4. Electrical equipment of diesel power plants
4.1. Generators
4.2.Electric motors
4.3. Power transformers
4.4. Switchgears
4.5. Power cable lines
4.6. Lighting
4.7. Relay protection and electrical automation
4.8. AFR (automatic frequency shedding)
4.9.3 grounding devices
4.10.Surge protection
5. Operational management of diesel power plants
5.1. Management organization
5.2. Operating mode planning
5.3. Operating mode control
5.4. Equipment management
5.5. Accident prevention and response
5.6. Requirements for operational compression
5.7. Operations staff
5.8. Switching in electrical installations.
5.9. Operation of dispatching facilities technological management(SDTU), signaling and communications
6. Heat recovery

Before you start using almost any electrical equipment, you must familiarize yourself with the rules of its operation from the instructions included in the kit. This is especially important to do after purchasing a power plant before using it. Improper operation of the power plant significantly reduces its service life and can lead to rapid breakdown, which is not covered by warranty.

I have already talked about that. In this article I will talk in detail about safety rules and recommendations for the technical operation of gasoline and diesel power plants in homes, garages, in the country and for other domestic needs.

Rules for the safe operation of power plants

Rules for technical operation of power plants

If you want your diesel generator to serve you faithfully for many years, justifying the money spent on its purchase, you must follow all the rules for its operation. Yes, a banal phrase, but there are still many unpleasant incidents related to the breakdown of diesel power plants, which could have been avoided by knowing the appropriate rules for operating diesel generators.

It is important to understand that trouble-free and trouble-free operation of a diesel power plant is only possible if all its components and systems operate in a coordinated manner. And only specialists who have thoroughly studied the operating manual and technical documentation of the diesel generator may be allowed to service a diesel unit. The operating personnel must be well acquainted with the operating principle of the power plant, design features, control and automation units, and also clearly understand the interconnection of all elements of a diesel power plant.

Those who service diesel generators must pass a commission to test their knowledge of the rules. fire safety, operating instructions and safety regulations. To maintain diesel power plants, it is necessary to have special clothing and personal protective equipment.

Inclusion

Before starting a diesel generator, it is necessary to carefully inspect the equipment, including auxiliary units, panels and panels. The operating instructions for diesel generators imply the elimination of all identified faults. Using a megohmmeter with the switches turned on, check the insulation resistance, which must be at least 0.5 mOhm. When this indicator below the established norm, you must do the following: dry the insulation parts, wipe them, clean them from dust. As indicated in the operating instructions for diesel generators, you need to check the serviceability of the ignition system and the charge level of the batteries.

Remember, the fuel tank valve must be in the “open” position, and the diesel power plant tank itself must be filled diesel fuel. It doesn't hurt to make sure there is no air in the fuel system. Now we move on to filling the internal cooling circuit with water (antifreeze, antifreeze) and checking the fluid circulation in the external circuit.

Check the equipment carefully; the diesel power plant should not have leaks in the cooling, lubrication and fuel supply systems. The rules for operating diesel generators in this case provide for tightening the clamps, sealing clamps and nuts.

Immediately before starting the diesel generator, you should check the tightness of the air cleaner connections and make sure that the air damper mechanism is tight. Both starting and stopping of diesel generators can be automatic, manual or remote.

What is important to know when operating diesel generators

If you want to buy a diesel generator, then be sure to study all the main points outlined above. By listening to advice and adhering to the rules for operating diesel power plants, you can avoid unnecessary breakdowns and extra costs Money. It is also important to remember these rules if you use rented diesel generators, since in this case your knowledge will protect you from possible problems when operating rented diesel generators.

Reserve power plants provide uninterrupted power supply to agricultural consumers. They are installed, as a rule, directly from consumers of categories I and II. The industry produces backup power plants and units with carburetor and diesel engines. With powers above 16 kW, the use of diesel power plants is economically justified.

The main element of stationary and mobile backup power plants is a diesel generator. The primary diesel engine and the synchronous generator are connected to each other by a rigid coupling. Power plants are equipped with equipment and instrumentation to control and monitor their operation.

Stationary diesel-electric units with a power of up to 200 kW are supplied complete. They are designed to work in indoors at ambient temperatures from +8 to +40°C.

A mobile power station is a complete electrical installation mounted on vehicles and protected from atmospheric influences. It is designed to work outdoors at temperatures from -50 to +40°C. The design of the power plant allows it to be moved over any distance without disrupting its readiness for operation.

Depending on the purpose of the diesel unit and the specific conditions of its operation state standard Three degrees of automation are provided.

First degree(lowest) maintains the required rotation speed, coolant and lubricating oil temperatures; provides emergency warning and protection; At the customer's request, it recharges batteries and, if necessary, replenishes fuel tanks.

Second degree provides control of diesel-electric units during start-up, operation and stop for at least 16 hours for units with a power of up to 100 kW and for at least 24 hours for units with a power of over 100 kW.

In addition, the following must be performed automatically: start upon command from an automatic device or remotely; preparation for accepting a load, accepting a load or issuing a signal about readiness to accept a load (during parallel operation); load acceptance with synchronization, remote control of the unit rotation speed with manual entry into synchronization; stopping by command from an automatic device or from a distance; maintaining an idle engine in a warm state.

Third degree provides control of a diesel-electric unit for 150 hours for units with a power of up to 100 kW and at least 240 hours for units with a power of over 100 kW. Additionally, the following operations are performed: filling fuel, oil and liquid tanks, air cylinders; recharging batteries, distributing specified active and reactive loads during parallel operation; control of auxiliary units providing automatic operation within 240 hours

Diesel-electric units, automated to the second and third degrees, must have an alarm and protection when limit values are reached: coolant temperature, lubricating oil temperature, lubricating oil pressure, pressure, flow or liquid level in a closed cooling circuit, rotation speed, reverse current or reverse power.

Reserve stations generate electrical energy of alternating three-phase current with a voltage of 230 and 400 V, industrial frequency 50 Hz. In this case, all electricity consumers are connected directly to the voltage generator busbars. This guarantees high stability of voltage quality, deviations from the nominal for generators of diesel stations with machine exciters and coal regulators of the RUN type do not exceed ±3-5% when the load changes in the range from 0 to 100%, for self-excited synchronous generators in the absence of voltage correction at generator ±3-5%, and with voltage correction ±1-2%. The voltage deviation of synchronous generators supplying power, lighting and household loads must be within the range of +5 to -5% of the nominal value.

Diesel units of stations must allow 100% overload for 1 hour. The largest deviation in rotation speed when turning on and off the rated load is 6%.

Mobile power plants have a number of devices for their transportation: emergency overrun and parking brake, towbar latch, rear light, brake light, control drive mobile wheels etc. Before transporting mobile diesel power plants, the reliable operation of these devices, as well as the strength of fastening of the units and auxiliary equipment, must be checked.

In preparation for work For a mobile power station, you must first select a place for its installation, which must be level and horizontal, not have buildings and structures nearby (4...6 m), and be located in the center of electricity consumers. To create good cooling conditions, the diesel generator is installed against the direction of the wind, while the hood doors of the unit on the generator side must be open. After installation, the mobile power plant is secured with a hand brake, and when operating for more than 2...3 days, its springs and wheels are unloaded with jacks. When preparing a mobile diesel power plant for operation, it is also necessary to install a protective grounding and connect the generator housing to it, place and connect lighting equipment, deploy a cable network, and inspect all components.

Acceptance installed diesel power plants are carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP. In this case, it is necessary to have the following delivery documentation: an act on the need for inspection (audit) of the unit with disassembly; inspection report (audit) of the diesel generator (if it was carried out); installation form for the generator or the entire unit; certificate of readiness of the foundation for installation of a diesel generator; protocol for checking the possibility of turning on the generator without drying.

After presenting the necessary documentation, the customer, with the participation of representatives of the installation and commissioning organizations, conducts a comprehensive no-load test and draws up a certificate of commissioning of the power plant.

Starting the electrical unit. Before starting, it must be thoroughly checked and prepared for operation. In this case, it is necessary to inspect the engine, generator, auxiliary units, panels and panels, and eliminate any defects found. The insulation resistance of the unit circuit when the circuit breakers are turned on must be at least 0.5 MOhm. For lower insulation resistance values, all insulating parts are cleaned of dust and dirt, and, if necessary, the generator is dried. Before starting, it is also necessary to check the degree of discharge of the batteries and the serviceability of the ignition system. Starting the engine with the starter is not allowed if the batteries are discharged by more than 50%.

The fuel tank must be filled and its tap must be set to "Open". The fuel level in the supply tank is monitored using the fuel level indicator. It is necessary to make sure that there is no air in the fuel system, fill the consumable and additional oil tanks, and also fill the internal circuit of the cooling system with water, check the air circulation in the external circuit of the cooling system. Before starting, check the tightness of all connections of the air cleaner and the air damper mechanism.

The position of switches and switches on panels, generator control panels and diesel automatics must comply with the diesel power plant operating instructions. Before starting the station, the generator circuit breaker in the power network must be turned off and the control circuit switch must be set to "Manual control" or "Automatic start".

Manual start and stop are carried out in accordance with the factory instructions. After starting and warming up the engine for 10 minutes at idle, its rotation speed is gradually brought to the nominal speed, then the generator is excited. Using a shunt rheostat, the rated voltage of the generator is set (using a voltmeter), the generator is turned on, which gradually accepts the load up to 75% of the rated one. After start-up, the operation of the water and oil cooling systems is checked; if there are no comments, after 15 minutes the load is increased to the nominal one.

To stop the generator, it is unloaded by disconnecting the load. Then, gradually increasing the resistance in the excitation circuit, by rotating the shunt rheostat handle counterclockwise, they lower the generator voltage to the lowest value and stop it.

Remote automatic start and stop is performed from the control panel or control cabinet using buttons. All operations for starting and stopping the electric unit are carried out in a given technological sequence, provided for by the automation circuit.

If the start is successful, the warning light comes on "Normal work"; if an emergency mode occurs, the protection is triggered and the signal board lights up "Emergency work" and the unit stops automatically.

The signal for automatic start is a change in the control parameters of the redundant electrical unit: an unacceptable decrease in voltage, overload, etc. The signal for the automatic stop of one of the parallel operating units is a reduction in the total load on the generator voltage buses to 80% of the rated power or when the voltage in the controlled network is restored. In this case, the backup unit is switched off. An automatic emergency stop of the electrical unit occurs when emergency conditions occur and alarm and protection sensors are triggered.

Diesel engine operation. During operation, it is necessary to monitor the readings of control devices (oil temperature And water, oil pressure, etc.), the presence of coolant in the system, oil supply to the rotating parts of the diesel engine and the operation of various sensors. It is necessary to check the amount of oil in the oilers, as well as in bearings with ring lubrication, at least twice a shift. If necessary:

Add oil;

Replenish fuel tanks with fuel in a timely manner; drain settled water and dirt from consumable fuel tanks at least once per shift;

Pay attention to the presence of extraneous noise or knocking in the engine;

Clean fuel filters at least once a quarter; low-pressure oil filters should be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions;

Monitor the engine speed and, if necessary, adjust it (in the absence of automation, systematically).

When operating the generator you must:

Monitor the readings of ammeters, voltmeters, and wattmeters (load asymmetry is allowed no more than 25% of the rated stator current, and overcurrent is no more than 10% for 1 hour);

Monitor the temperature of the active steel and generator windings, which should not exceed the temperature environment more than 65°C; control the temperature of the bearings (exceeding it above the ambient temperature is permissible by no more than 45 ° C);

Periodically observe the operation of the exciter brush apparatus and rotor slip rings;

Evenly distribute the load (in the absence of automation) between parallel operating generators;

Observe the readings of insulation monitoring devices, emergency and warning signals; if necessary, take measures to eliminate abnormal conditions;

Check the level of vibration of the generator. During operation of the diesel power plant, it is necessary to inspect the panels and panels of the auxiliary generator, excitation equipment and power electrical equipment.

Periodic check of the readiness of the standby unit for start-up. It is carried out once every 2-3 months. At the same time, the condition and operation of automation equipment is checked. Preventative scheduled inspection of the generator and exciter is carried out after 500 hours of operation, but at least once every six months. During a routine inspection of the generator, the condition of the working surface of the commutator, the correct fit of the brushes to the commutator and their placement, the degree of suitability of the oil for further use, the condition and reliability of contacts with the network are checked.

After 100-150 hours of operation, but at least once every six months, after long stops (more than 20 days), check the insulation resistance of the stator, rotor and exciter windings. The condition of the exciter and generator bearings is judged by the noise during operation and the heating temperature. It should not exceed 80°C. To extend the service life of bearings, check the condition of the lubricant in them every 500 hours, but at least once every six months.

At least once every six months, the switching connections and equipment inside the power plant switchboard are inspected. During the next inspection, wipe off the dust, check the tightness of the contacts and other connections of buses and wires. At the same time, fuse links and signal lamps are replaced as necessary. All loose contacts are tightened, and places of contact connections with traces of burning and oxidation are cleaned, tinned, etc.

The control and signaling circuits of power circuit breakers, ATS and synchronization circuits must be checked after cleaning and inspection of the equipment. The operation of protection elements (thermal and electromagnetic releases, relay current protection) is checked once a year for reliability of operation and for compliance of settings with design values. Circuit breakers are checked element by element with primary current. Electrical measuring equipment is checked at least once every two years and, as a rule, is timed to coincide with the current or major renovation.

Frequency, volume and norms preventive overhaul tests are established taking into account comprehensive assessment condition of each generator, features of their design, subject to the following requirements:

Between-repair tests are carried out no later than three years after major repairs or previous preventive tests. Refusal of these tests
allowed if the frequency of major repairs does not exceed four years;

The scope of overhaul tests includes mandatory testing of the stator winding insulation with increased voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz or rectified voltage;

A decrease in the test voltage compared to that applied during the last major overhaul is allowed by no more than 0.2 U n voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz and no more than 0.5 U H rectified voltage;

Preventive overhaul tests of winding insulation are carried out in addition to tests and measurements carried out during routine repairs of the generator.

Before testing the stator and rotor windings of the generator with increased voltage, it is necessary to measure the insulation resistance. The insulation resistance of the stator windings is not standardized; it must be compared and contrasted with the readings of previous measurements. The insulation resistance of the rotor winding must be no lower than 0.5 MOhm, the excitation circuit - 1 MOhm, the armature windings and its bandages - 0.5 MOhm.

The stator winding of a generator with a power of up to 1000 kW and a voltage of up to 1000 V is tested with an increased AC voltage of industrial frequency, equal to 1.6U H +800 V, but not less than 1200 V, for 1 minute immediately after stopping the generator. The rotor winding is not tested at elevated voltage during operation.

During maintenance tests, resistance is measured at DC stator, rotor and exciter windings. These measurements make it possible to identify various damage to the windings during major and routine repairs. If the resistance of the winding of any phase of the stator differs from the resistance of the windings of other phases (or previously measured) under the same (or given) temperature conditions by more than 2%, then this will be a consequence of short circuits or poor-quality soldering in the frontal parts of the winding. The DC resistance value of the rotor and excitation windings should not differ from the previously measured value by more than 2%.

In addition to those described, the following checks and preventive tests of generators are carried out: testing windings and active steel for heating; determination of reactance; testing the electrical strength of slip rings and field suppression machines; measurement of the residual voltage of the generator after it is turned off; detection of turn short circuits in the rotor winding; identification of permissible asymmetric modes.

Current and capital Scheduled preventative repairs of reserve power plants are carried out with the following frequency: routine repairs for mobile power plants operating in the open air every six months, for stationary ones - annually, major repairs for mobile diesel power plants - at least once every four years, stationary diesel power plants - as necessary, but at least once every five years.

BUILDING STANDARDS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

MINISTRY OF FUEL AND ENERGY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RULES

TECHNICAL OPERATION

DIESEL POWER PLANTS

(PTED)

Moscow 2005

Mandatory for diesel power plants of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation, design, engineering, construction, installation, repair and commissioning organizations performing work in relation to these diesel power plants

Developers: NIPICTI "Selenergoproekt", Northern Electric Networks POEiE "Yakutskenergo", JSC "Elvis" under the leadership of Kuroptev S.T. and Savvinova Yu.N.

Editorial commission: chairman - Nuzhin V.P., members of the commission - Mudrov V.P. Golodnov Yu. M., Ph.D., Belyaev V.I., Shatrov V.V., Zaslavsky B.E. Kharchev V.V., Khanas V.M., Kanaev E.V., Proshutinsky A.M.

Introduction

“Rules for the technical operation of diesel power plants” determine the procedure for organizing the operation of equipment, heat engineering and cable communications of diesel power plants (DES).

The rules apply to stationary diesel power plants owned by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation with a capacity of 500 kW and above.

The rules do not apply to backup and mobile diesel power plants.

The need to develop these Rules arose due to the fact that the “Rules for the Technical Operation of Electric Power Plants and Networks”, issued in 1989, do not apply to diesel power plants.

However, given that many provisions of these Rules are applicable to diesel power plants, for the convenience of using the document, some provisions of the PTE of power plants and networks are repeated in these Rules.

The requirements for the design, construction, installation, repair and installation of power plants in these Rules are stated very briefly, since they are considered in the current normative and technical documentation. These include:

- "Technological design standards for diesel power plants. NTPD-90";

- “Safety rules for operating electrical installations”;

- "Rules for electrical installations";

Construction norms and rules (SNiP);

State standards of the USSR;

- "Guidelines on the scope of technological measurements, signaling and automatic control at thermal power plants. RD 34.35.101-88."

1. ORGANIZATION OF OPERATION

1.1.Tasks and organizational structure.

1.1.1. The main task of diesel power plants (DPS) is production, distribution and supply electrical energy and heat (if there is utilization), fulfillment of the dispatch schedule.

1.1.2. Grid-operated power plants equipped with internal combustion engines are organized in structural units, operating on the basis of the “Regulations on a structural unit (enterprise) on the basis of economic calculation.”

1.1.3. At working together of several power plants, dispatch services should be created to control and regulate their operating modes.

1.1.4. Main responsibilities of diesel power station employees:

Compliance with the specified conditions of energy supply to consumers;

Maintaining normal quality of supplied energy - normalized frequency and voltage of electric current;

Compliance with operational dispatch discipline;

Ensuring maximum efficiency and reliability of energy production;

Compliance with explosion and fire safety requirements during equipment operation;

Compliance with occupational health and safety requirements;

Reducing the harmful impact of production on people and the environment.

1.1.5. At each power plant, by order of the manager, functions for maintaining equipment, buildings, structures and communications must be distributed between responsible persons from among the engineers.

1.2. Acceptance of equipment and structures into operation

1.2.1. Completely completed diesel power plants, as well as, depending on the complexity, their queues and start-up complexes must be put into operation in the manner established current rules. This requirement also applies to the acceptance into operation of stations after expansion, reconstruction, or technical re-equipment.

1.2.2. The start-up complex must include a portion of the total design volume of the diesel power plant that ensures normal operation under the given parameters. It should include: equipment, structures, buildings (or parts thereof) for main production, auxiliary production, auxiliary, household, transport, repair and warehouse purposes, dispatch and process control facilities (SDTU), communications, utilities, wastewater treatment facilities , landscaped area, ensuring the production, transmission and supply of electrical energy and heat to consumers. To the extent provided for by the project for this launch complex, standard sanitary and living conditions and safety for workers must be ensured; protection against pollution of water bodies and atmospheric air; Fire safety.

The launch complex must be developed and presented by the general designer within the established time frame, agreed with the customer and the general contractor.

1.2.3. Before accepting the power plant (start-up complex) into operation, the following must be carried out:

Individual equipment tests and functional tests of individual systems;

Comprehensive testing of equipment.

During the construction and installation of buildings and structures, intermediate acceptance of equipment units and structures, including hidden work, must be carried out.

1.3.9. Directly at the diesel power plant, advanced training should be organized for the personnel of the main workshops (machinists, switchboard operators, electricians, mechanics).

1.3.10. Work with DES personnel must be carried out and taken into account in documentation, the scope of which is established by a list and procedure approved by senior management.

1.4. Monitoring the efficiency of diesel power plants.

1.4.1. At power plants, an analysis of technical and economic indicators must be organized to assess the condition of equipment, its operating modes, compliance with standardized and actual indicators, and the effectiveness of organizational and technical measures.

The goal of the analysis should be to improve the bottom line of each power plant.

1.4.2. At diesel power plants, recording of equipment performance indicators (shift, daily, monthly, annual) must be organized according to established forms to monitor its efficiency and reliability, based on the readings of instrumentation, test results, measurements and calculations.

1.4.3. Power plant managers must ensure the reliability of control readings measuring instruments, correct organization of accounting and reporting in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents.

1.4.4. The results of the work of a shift or power plant shop should be reviewed with personnel at least once a month in order to analyze and eliminate shortcomings in their work, as well as familiarize themselves with the experience of advanced shifts and individual workers.

1.4.5. At diesel power plants, measures must be developed and implemented to improve the reliability and efficiency of equipment operation, energy conservation, including saving fuel and other energy resources, and the use of secondary energy resources.

1.4.6. The main technical and economic indicators in the electric power industry are:

The amount of electricity and heat generated and supplied by each diesel power plant;

Operating electrical power and efficiency indicators for using the installed capacity of the power plant;

Accident rate, mean time between failures;

Cost of electricity supplied by the power plant and enterprise;

Profit by enterprise;

Efficient consumption of equivalent fuel for supplied electricity and heat;

Specific consumption of process water for cooling;

Electricity consumption for auxiliary needs (SN) of power plants, attributed separately to electricity generation and heat supply;

Specific number and service ratio of industrial production personnel.

1.4.7. At each diesel power plant with a capacity of 3 MW or more, energy characteristics of the equipment must be developed that establish the dependence of the technical and economic indicators of its operation in absolute or relative terms on electrical and thermal loads;

1.4.8. Energy characteristics of equipment and standards for individual indicators must be presented to operating personnel in the form of performance maps, instructions, tables and graphs.

1.4.9. Energy characteristics of equipment and schedules of calculated specific rates of fuel and water consumption for supplied electricity and heat for each group of power plant equipment must be revised once every 5 years.

The review should also be carried out in the case when, due to technical re-equipment and reconstruction of diesel power plants, actual changes in the type of fuel burned unit costs fuels for electricity supply change by more than 2%.

1.4.10. The distribution of electrical loads between power plant units should be based on the method of relative increases in fuel consumption.

1.4.11. The results of the stations’ activities to increase efficiency and improve fuel use should be assessed by the amount of fuel saved in comparison with that provided for in the standard cost characteristics, taking into account the actual operating conditions of the equipment.

1.4.12. Rewarding personnel for saving fuel and oil should be carried out in accordance with industry methods based on personal savings accounts that determine the employee’s personal contribution to the overall performance of the station.

Stimulating the saving of other energy resources, reducing technological water consumption, electricity consumption for own needs and the use of secondary resources should be carried out on the basis of approved indicators and standards.

1.5. Technical Supervision.

Control over the organization of operation.

1.5.1. At each diesel power plant, by order of the manager, persons responsible for the condition and safe operation of the facilities and premises included in the complex must be appointed, and also determined job responsibilities all personnel in the following areas:

Organizations for supervision of the technical condition of equipment, buildings and structures;

Management technological processes for electricity and heat generation;

Development, organization and recording of measures to ensure safe and economical operation of the facility:

Investigation and recording of all violations in operation;

Monitoring compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents for operation, repair and adjustment.

1.5.2. The person responsible for the technical condition and safe operation of DPP structures and equipment is Chief Engineer DES, and in the absence of this position, the head of DES.

1.5.3. The person responsible for the technical condition and safe operation of structures and equipment related to the thermal-mechanical part is the senior foreman for operation and repair.

1.5.4. All equipment, buildings and structures included in the diesel power plant are subject to periodic technical inspection.

In the scope of periodic technical examination should be included: external and internal inspection, inspection technical documentation, tests to ensure the safe operation of equipment and structures. The results must be recorded in a special journal.

1.5.5. Time frames for technological supervision or examination of equipment:

Main and auxiliary thermal-mechanical equipment within the time limits provided for by the schedules drawn up on the basis of the instructions of the manufacturers;

Water cooling towers, fuel storage, etc. within the established time limits current instructions, but at least once every 5 years;

Lifting equipment (hoists, hoists, cranes - beams) once a year;

Compressed air cylinders not under the jurisdiction of Gosgortekhnadzor 1 time every 4 years;

Electric welding equipment once a year.

1.5.6. Control over the organization of operation and compliance with technical regulations, safety regulations, safety regulations and operating instructions is assigned to higher management bodies.

1.5.7. The responsibilities of higher management bodies include:

Periodic monitoring of the condition of equipment, buildings and structures;

Organization of periodic surveys;

Monitoring compliance with established deadlines for medium and major repairs;

Monitoring the implementation of activities and requirements set out in regulatory, technical and organizational and administrative documents;

Monitoring the investigation of violations of operating instructions and operating instructions;

Assessing the sufficiency of preventive and preventive measures to improve the technical level of operation;

Monitoring measures to prevent accidents and preparedness for their elimination;

Accounting for violations of operating instructions, operating instructions and other regulatory and technical documents, including at facilities controlled by state supervisory authorities;

Accounting for the implementation of emergency measures at facilities controlled by state supervisory authorities;

Control over the development of regulatory and technical documentation for ensuring safe operation energy facilities;

Conducting claims work with manufacturers.

1.5.8. All operated equipment, buildings and structures must be subject to special departmental supervision.

1.5.9. The main tasks of departmental supervision are:

Compliance monitoring established requirements for maintenance and repair (factory and local instructions);

Monitoring the implementation of PTE, PTB, PPB and operating instructions;

Control over the investigation, recording and analysis of operational failures;

Monitoring the implementation of preventive measures to prevent failures in

work and industrial injuries;

Organization of the development of regulatory and technical documents and measures to improve the operation and increase the reliability of equipment;

1.8. Metrological support.

1.8.1. At diesel power plants, systematic verification, testing and adjustment of technological measuring instruments (MI) must be carried out to ensure control of energy production processes and personnel working conditions.

1.8.2. Metrological support at diesel power plants is carried out by the departmental metrological service (VMS).

1.8.3. The equipment of power installations with measuring instruments (MI) must comply with design and regulatory documentation and technical specifications for their supply. These means must ensure monitoring of the technical condition of the equipment and its operating modes; accounting for the receipt and consumption of resources, generated, consumed and supplied electricity and heat; compliance with safe working conditions and sanitary standards; environmental control.

1.8.4. Systems for monitoring technological parameters and accounting for fuel, water, production and consumption of electricity and heat must be equipped with measuring instruments that are included in the State Register and have passed state acceptance tests and metrologically ensured.

In justified cases, it is allowed to use non-standardized measuring instruments that have passed metrological certification in in the prescribed manner.

1.8.5. All measuring instruments: thermal, electrical, physical and chemical, etc. must be in good condition and be in constant readiness for measurements.

Expiration of the verification period;

Damage to the glass of the device;

If the SI arrow does not return to its original position when receiving a working impulse.

In all of these cases, the measuring instrument should be removed for verification or repair, installing a spare measuring instrument in its place.

1.8.7. All measuring instruments are subject to state or departmental verification in accordance with GOST 8.002. The timing of these verifications, as well as the organization, methods of conducting them and reporting must comply with the requirements of standards and other regulatory and technical documents.

1.8.8. To enter in industrial operation main equipment of diesel power plants, measuring instruments must be metrologically certified. During operation they must be checked periodically. The use of measuring instruments that have not passed metrological certification is prohibited.

1.8.9. Working instruments used to monitor technological parameters, for which measurement accuracy is not standardized, can be transferred to the category of indicators in accordance with the “Methodological instructions on the procedure for transferring into the category of indicators, working measuring instruments used at energy enterprises of the USSR Ministry of Energy”. The list of such SI must be approved by the head of the DES.

1.8.10. Departmental verification of measuring instruments is carried out only by a metrological service registered with the Gosstandart bodies as a departmental verification.

1.8.11. On the scales of indicating measuring instruments intended to monitor the operating modes of equipment, marks must be placed that correspond to the limit values of the measured quantities.

1.8.12. Observation of normal operation The SI must be carried out by the diesel power plant on duty or operational maintenance personnel.

Periodic inspection, Maintenance and SI repairs must be carried out by Navy personnel.

1.8.13. DPP personnel servicing the equipment on which the measuring instruments are installed are responsible for their integrity, safety and cleanliness of external elements. Any irregularities in the operation of the SI must be reported to the Navy.

1.8.14. It is necessary to periodically compare SI readings on the remote control remote control(if available) with SI readings installed directly near the equipment.

1.8.15. If there is insufficient confidence in the correctness of the SI readings, measures must be taken to prevent an accident technological equipment, up to its stop or withdrawal from action. The device must be replaced and checked.

1.9. Safety precautions

1.9.1. The design, operation and repair of equipment, buildings and structures must meet the requirements of occupational safety and industrial safety standards.

1.9.2.For workers must be developed and approved by the senior manager of the enterprise, together with trade union committee, labor protection instructions.

1.9.3. All power plant workers must know and accurately comply with occupational safety requirements.

1.9.4. Managing engineering and technical personnel and operating personnel bear full responsibility, within the limits of their authority, for labor safety.

1.9.5. Each case of injury and cases of violation of labor safety requirements must be investigated, the causes and culprits identified, and measures taken to prevent recurrence similar cases. Injury incidents are reported, investigated and recorded in accordance with applicable policy.

1.9.6. Responsibility for industrial injuries lies with persons who do not ensure occupational safety, who do not take proper measures to prevent injuries within the limits of their authority, as well as persons who directly violate safety requirements or labor protection instructions.

1.9.7. All power plant personnel must be practically trained in how to free a person caught in an electric current, as well as how to provide first aid to victims in other cases of injury.

1.9.8. During construction, installation, commissioning and repair work at an operating station, third-party organizations, the latter, together with the operators, must draw up a “workplace acceptance and transfer certificate”, according to which the operating organization is responsible for the impossibility of applying for the issued workplace voltage, pressure or high temperature, and the third-party organization is responsible for ensuring that its personnel meet the qualifications and comply with occupational safety requirements.

1.9.9. The personnel on duty must have first aid kits with a constant supply of medicines and dressings.

1.10. Fire safety.

1.10.1. The design and operation of equipment, buildings and structures of the power plant must comply with the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules (FPR).

1.10.2. Every employee of the diesel power plant must know and comply with safety regulations and not perform actions that could lead to a fire and explosion.

1.10.3. DPP employees returning to work must undergo fire safety training.

1.11.7. The operation of power plants with devices that do not ensure compliance with established sanitary standards and environmental requirements is prohibited.

1.11.8. The exhaust gas purification installation must be put into operation before the start-up of the power plant, and the installation for the purification and treatment of contaminated wastewater - before the start of pre-start preparation of the power plant equipment.

1.11.9. When operating the main, auxiliary and gas cleaning equipment of a power plant for the purpose of environmental protection natural environment from pollution it is necessary to be guided by: the laws “On the Protection of Atmospheric Air”, “Fundamentals of Water and Land Legislation”, “Water and Land Codes”; state and industry standards and instructions regulating air pollution and protection of water bodies; model provisions on the organization of control over emissions into the atmosphere and discharges onto the soil surface and into the hydrosphere; instructions, rules and recommendations for acceptance, commissioning, adjustment and operation of gas purification and wastewater treatment equipment; "Instructions for investigating and recording violations in the operation of power plants, networks, energy systems and energy associations"; instructions drawn up in relation to local conditions; regulatory documents, establishing the procedure for payment for environmental pollution.

1.12. Responsibility for compliance with technical operation rules.

1.12.1. Knowledge and compliance with these Rules is mandatory for all DPP employees.

1.12.2. Each employee of the diesel power station, within the scope of his duties, must ensure compliance of the equipment, buildings and structures of the diesel power station with technical regulations, safety regulations and safety regulations, take care of and protect the property of the diesel power plant and be responsible for compliance with these rules.

1.12.3. Violation of these rules entails disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability established job descriptions for each employee, and current legislation.

1.12.4. In case of violation of these Rules, which causes a failure in the operation of a power plant, a fire or an accident with people, the following bear personal responsibility:

Director and chief engineer of the power plant for violations that occurred at the diesel power plant they led;

Shop managers, foremen and engineers of diesel power plants - for violations committed by them or their subordinates;

Shift supervisors, as well as duty and operational maintenance personnel for violations committed through their fault or their subordinates;

Workers directly servicing and repairing equipment, buildings and structures - for each violation that occurred through their fault.

1.12.5. The managers of the power plant are personally responsible for their decisions or orders taken in violation of these Rules.

1.12.6. Managers of diesel power plants must submit complaints in the prescribed manner for all factory defects and cases of damage to equipment, buildings and structures that occurred through the fault of manufacturers, design, construction and installation organizations.

1.12.7. In case of damage by outside organizations and individuals to hydraulic structures and their control and measuring equipment, fuel pipelines of underground communications, equipment of buildings, structures under the jurisdiction of diesel power plants, their managers must draw up reports and submit them to local law enforcement agencies to bring the perpetrators to justice.

2. TERRITORY, INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

2.1. Territory.

2.1.1. To ensure proper operational and sanitary condition of the territory, buildings and structures of diesel power plants, the following must be completed and maintained in good condition:

Systems for draining surface and groundwater from the entire territory of the diesel power plant, from buildings and structures (drains, ditches, drainage channels, etc.);

Exhaust pipe silencers:

Exhaust gas treatment plants;

Water supply, sewerage, district heating, fuel supply networks;

Sources drinking water, reservoirs and sanitary zones for the protection of water supply sources:

Highways, fire passages, approaches to fire hydrants, reservoirs, cooling towers, bridges, crossing roads, crossings, etc.;

Anti-collapse, bank protection structures;

Basic and working benchmarks and beacons;

Lightning protection and grounding systems;

Landscaping;

Lighting;

Landscaping;

Fencing the territory.

2.1.2. Hidden underground communications for water supply, sewerage, heating, as well as cables must be marked on the surface of the earth with signs.

2.1.3. If there are stray currents on the territory of the diesel power plant, electrochemical protection of underground metal structures and communications must be provided in accordance with the design.

2.1.4. Systematically, and especially during rains, the condition of slopes, slopes, and excavations should be monitored, and if necessary, measures should be taken to strengthen them.

2.1.5. In the spring, all drainage networks and devices must be inspected and prepared for the passage of melt water; places where cables, pipes, and ventilation ducts pass through the walls of buildings must be sealed, and pumping mechanisms must be made ready for operation.

2.1.6. At power plants, control over the groundwater regime and the water level in monitoring wells (piezometers) should be carried out: in the first year of operation - at least once a month, in subsequent years - depending on changes in the groundwater level, but at least once a quarter. (In karst zones, control over the groundwater regime must be organized according to special programs within the time limits provided for by local instructions). Measuring water temperature and taking its samples at chemical analysis from wells must be carried out in accordance with local instructions. The results of observations must be recorded in a special journal.

2.1.7. If subsidence and landslide phenomena or soil heaving are detected on the territory of the diesel power station, measures must be taken to eliminate the causes that caused the violation of normal soil conditions and to eliminate their consequences.

2.1.8. The construction of buildings and structures on free sites on the DPP territory should be carried out only if a project is available. All construction and installation work within these sites is permitted only with the permission of the head of the diesel power plant.

The construction of buildings and structures under gas ducts and overpasses is prohibited.

2.1.9. The drainage system should be maintained in good condition, since disruption of its operation can lead to changes in not only the humidity, but also the temperature regime of the soil.

2.1.10. The blind areas near the walls must be in good working order along the entire perimeter of the buildings (structures), located below the waterproofing level and ensure the drainage of atmospheric precipitation into ditches and storm drains. In case of soil subsidence under the blind areas, measures are immediately taken to repair them.

Getting water, fuel, oils under the foundations is not allowed.

2.2. Industrial buildings and structures.

2.2.1. Industrial buildings and structures of diesel power plants must be maintained in good condition, ensuring their reliable long-term use for their intended purpose, compliance with the requirements of sanitary standards and personnel safety.

2.2.2. The diesel power plant must organize systematic monitoring of buildings and structures during their operation:

routine inspections of structures - at least once every 10 days; periodic - 2 times a year (spring and autumn).

Along with systematic observation, a general technical inspection of buildings and structures should be carried out 2 times a year (in spring and autumn) to identify defects and damage, and after accidents - an extraordinary inspection.

2.2.3. During the spring inspection, the volume of work on repairs of buildings, structures and sanitary systems intended for the summer period should be clarified and the volume of work on major repairs should be identified for inclusion in the next year's plan.

In autumn technical inspection The preparation of buildings and structures for winter should be checked.

2.2.4. At power plants, observations of foundation settlements of buildings, structures and equipment should be organized: in the first year of operation - 3 times, in the second - 2 times, then until the foundation settlement is stabilized - once a year, after stabilization the settlement (1 mm per year or less ) - once every 10 years.

2.2.5. In all cases when a building or structure is built with the frozen state of the foundation soils preserved, it is necessary to protect them from thawing.

2.2.6. When monitoring the safety of buildings, structures and equipment foundations, the condition of movable supports, expansion joints, welded, riveted and bolted connections, joints and embedded parts of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, reinforcement and concrete of reinforced concrete structures (if corrosion or deformation occurs), crane structures and areas subject to dynamic and thermal loads and impacts.

2.2.7. If cracks, fractures and other external signs damage to these structures should be monitored using beacons and instrumental measurements. Information about the detection of defects must be entered into the technical condition log of buildings and structures with a deadline for eliminating defects.

2.2.8. Punching holes and openings, installation, suspension and fastening of technological equipment to building structures, Vehicle, pipelines and other devices, cutting out frame connections without agreement with design organization and persons responsible for the operation of the building (structure), as well as the storage of backup equipment and other products and materials in unidentified places is prohibited.

Additional loads, the construction of openings and openings can be allowed only after a verification calculation of building structures and, if necessary, their strengthening.

For each section of floors, based on design data, maximum loads must be determined and indicated on signs installed in visible places.

2.2.9. The roofs of buildings and structures must be cleaned in spring and autumn, the stormwater collection system must be cleaned, and its performance must be checked.

2.2.10. Metal structures of buildings and structures must be protected from corrosion, and control must be established over the effectiveness of anti-corrosion protection.

2.2.11. The painting of DPP premises and equipment must meet the requirements of industrial aesthetics and sanitation.

2.2.12. Building structures, equipment foundations and building structures must be protected from mineral oils, steam and water.

2.2.13. Technical condition heating and ventilation systems and their operating modes must ensure standardized air parameters and reliable operation energy equipment and durability of enclosing structures.

2.2.14. Sites, structures and transport passages of buildings and structures must be kept clean at all times.

3. Thermomechanical equipment of diesel power plants.

3.1. Fuel economy.

3.1.1. The power plant's fuel facilities must ensure acceptance, drainage, storage, preparation and uninterrupted supply of fuel to diesel units.

The quality of fuel supplied to the power plant must comply with GOST requirements and technical conditions for fuel supply.

Supply contracts must specify:

Physico-chemical properties of fuels allowed for use for this type of diesel engine;

Fuel supply schedule depending on the diesel power plant fuel storage capacity and fuel consumption rate.