home Translator He is engaged in farming. Types of activities permitted for peasant farms

He is engaged in farming. Types of activities permitted for peasant farms

* The calculations use average data for Russia

Growing fruit trees plays a very important role in agriculture. The fruits serve as food for people, are used in many industries and are used to feed livestock. But to grow fruit trees, you need to be patient, because trees begin to bear fruit only after several years of their life. Thus, you cannot count on making a profit in the first months of work; growing fruit trees involves engaging in some other management or business. Therefore, it is best when an already experienced farmer who grows many plants decides to receive Additional income and plant a garden of certain trees. In a few years it will be good source income, but for things to go smoothly, you should decide on the crops from the very beginning and organize the cultivation of fruits on own plot. As is clear, you can grow fruit trees on your own plot or, in the most extreme case, on a plot taken under a lease agreement for a very long period and with permission from the owner of the plot to plant trees.

Therefore, it is assumed that there is a plot of one hectare in size, which is free from crops of grain, melons and other crops and can be entirely allocated for a garden. The cost of land can vary greatly depending on the region and distance from populated areas. But it is quite possible to find an inexpensive plot (within 500 thousand rubles), which will be located, if not in a small village, then at least in close proximity to it. Although, of course, it is those who have already built their own house and have experience in farming who take care of the garden.

To legalize your activities, you need to register as a subject entrepreneurial activity, in this case both the form of a legal entity and an individual entrepreneur are suitable, but most preferably - a peasant- farming. According to the law, this form is actually equivalent to an individual entrepreneur; it also has the ability to make tax deductions under a simplified taxation system, but at the same time, a peasant farm still involves the association of several persons. It is optimal to indicate the code (OKPD 2) 01.25 Fruits of other fruit trees, shrubs and nuts; it is universal for all fruit trees, except grapes. Thus, any fruit trees can be grown without the need for additional reporting, changes registration documents in case of a slight re-profiling of the farm (changing one crop for another). But when contacting the phytosanitary surveillance service (Rosselkhoznadzor), you need to find out all the requirements for fruit tree farmers. Depending on the culture and region, there may be some restrictions or special features from a legal point of view, and it is better to take all this into account so that there are no problems with a sudden inspection by a government agency.

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After all legal issues have been resolved, you can begin growing fruits. Some people find it more convenient to deal with only one crop, focusing entirely on it and giving maximum strength to it, while other farmers are much more pleased to see a garden filled with various types of plants. The main obstacle in making a farmer's dream come true is the possibility of a particular plant growing in the climatic conditions of the region. It is important not only to provide all the conditions for the tree to take root, but also for it to begin to bear fruit well. There are also a huge number of factors that influence which plants can be cultivated.

Apple tree. The most famous fruit tree, the cultivated species is Mālus domestica, which is called the domestic apple tree. There are a huge number of varieties of apples, so they are grown everywhere throughout almost the entire country, except in very cold regions. The fruit of an apple tree is an apple, which is not only the name of a fruit specific to this plant, but also the name of a type of false fruit. That is, from a botanical point of view, an apple can only be called a fruit conditionally. Apple tree varieties can produce crops in almost different time of the year ( different varieties bear fruit from summer to late autumn), but in order to get fruits in winter, you need to set up greenhouses, which is quite difficult to do for trees. Some varieties of apple trees begin to bear fruit within a year after planting, which significantly reduces the payback period of the entire project.

Apples can almost always be sold; Small and outwardly unattractive apples are sold at a low price in large quantities either to livestock farms or to companies producing juices and purees, that is, processing these fruits. Large and having marketable condition apples can be sold independently at the market or found wholesale buyers who will resell apples to stores. You can do the search yourself retail outlets, in which apples will be sold at retail; this will allow you to remove one middleman and earn a little more money.

Apple trees grow well after predecessors such as sugar beets, corn, and grain crops. Experienced gardeners recommend preparing the soil for growing apples two years in advance. Up to 300 small trees can be placed on one hectare, but it is important to properly plan the area so that the trees do not subsequently interfere with each other. The cost of one apple tree seedling is 500 rubles, so for the garden you will need 150 thousand rubles. The average yield of an apple tree per hectare is 15 tons, and can vary greatly depending on courtship conditions and weather conditions. Depending on the variety, a kilogram of apples can cost 10 or 100 rubles, so if we take the average price of 30 rubles, then one harvest will bring 450 thousand rubles. This is a very, very good indicator, which only experienced agronomists can achieve. Apples are perhaps the most common and easiest to sell fruit crop; it is relatively easy to cultivate due to the large number of varieties bred specifically for each region and local conditions.

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Pear. Like the apple, it is part of the Rosace family and is its closest relative. A genus of plants that is edible and cultivated by people – Pýrus. Pears are slightly less popular among people than apples, but are still consumed in large quantities. There are also many varieties of them, which makes it possible to cultivate pears in relatively cold regions of the country. However, they are practically no longer grown in the northern regions. Depending on the variety, it can be either a strong, full-fledged tree, or (which is most common) a low tree, more like a shrub with spreading branches strewn with fruits. This is what a cultivated pear looks like. Since the type of fruit of a pear and an apple is almost the same, people use these crops for almost the same needs, there are no special implementation features in the case of a pear. You just need to count on a little less demand.

The cost of seedlings is also about 500 rubles per future tree. There may even be a little more seedlings themselves if dwarf plants are chosen, but in general you should count on the same amount of 150 thousand rubles to purchase seedlings. The average pear yield is about 3 tons per hectare, and the price for these heavy fruits averages about 50 rubles per kilogram. Thus, based on the results of the sale, you can earn about 150 thousand rubles, which in the first year will not even cover all the costs of organizing a pear orchard. You might think that it is not so profitable to deal with pears, but you need to remember about fluctuations in demand, and sometimes pear fruits can be in price. Elite varieties of pears can also exceed the price tag of one hundred rubles per kilogram; In general, pears are somewhat more expensive than apples. Therefore, you can allocate some area for a pear orchard, since this plant is relatively easy to grow, and there are a lot of varieties.

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Cherry plum. Together with the blackthorn, it is the progenitor of the common plum. Cherry plum was traditionally cultivated in the Caucasus Mountains, but in the twentieth century varieties were developed that can grow in more northern latitudes. Home view for cultivation - Prúnus cerasiféra, this plant is very capable of adapting to many types of soils, but is very sensitive to low temperatures. For the northern regions, varieties of winter cherry plum have been developed that retain all the positive properties of this plant (high yield, early fruiting) in combination with good frost resistance.

The cost of one cherry plum seedling is also 500 rubles on average, but one hectare can accommodate much more plants than in the case of pears or apples. Thus, some experiments among gardening farms have shown the possibility of growing 8 thousand small trees on one hectare. However, there is no point in planting more than 500 trees per hectare, because anything more is intensive gardening with the expectation of short-term profit. Thus, seedlings will require 250 thousand rubles.

Cherry plum can be a very productive crop, giving up to 300 kilograms of fruit from one tree, that is, ideally you can collect about 150 tons of crop from one hectare of plantings. But usually the yield is much lower and amounts to 25 tons per hectare. Cherry plum can be sold wholesale for about 20 rubles per kilogram, so the sale of 25 tons will bring the gardener 500 thousand rubles in income. You just need to take into account that cherry plums are not bought with such enthusiasm as the same apples, so in case retail sales there is a possibility that a significant part of the crop will not be sold, and therefore it is much easier to cooperate with resellers.

Plum. The fruit is known to be blue in color, although plums can have other shades. The cultivated species, Prúnus doméstica, grows in many regions of this country. It copes with winter a little better, so it is grown further north than cherry plum. Plum fruits are usually slightly larger. Plum is a honey plant, so it can be grown if you have your own apiary. The plant is somewhat more demanding than cherry plum, but with proper care it can also produce good yields. In terms of the cost of seedlings, yield, and the number of tree plantations, it is completely close to cherry plum, only plum fruits are a little more expensive. Everything, of course, depends on the variety, but the average price here is about 40 rubles per kilogram. It turns out that for 25 tons of harvest you can already get 1 million rubles, however, this is possible in really good years.

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Quince. It is a fruit tree grown primarily in the Caucasus. In Russia, it is cultivated in the southwestern regions of the country. Only one species, Cydonia oblōnga, is bred by humans. Quince is not a very popular crop among the population, since its fruits are rarely eaten due to their very mediocre taste. But at the same time, a lot of different sweets are made from quince, and in many food production this fruit is used. Some farmers specially dry quince and sell it in this form. Due to their lower popularity than other crops, quince seedlings can be bought for only 200 rubles per piece. There can be about 400 trees of this plant in the garden, and each mature tree can produce up to 50 kilograms of harvest. And the average yield per hectare is 20 tons. Thus, with an average price of 30 rubles per kilogram, the income obtained from the sale of all fruits is 600 thousand rubles. And this is provided that the seedlings will cost only 80 thousand rubles. But in Russia it is possible to cultivate this crop only in some regions; in the rest of the territory the trees either will not take root or will not produce a good harvest.

But in order to achieve a good harvest, you need to carefully study all the information about the type of plants you choose and the varieties that will be grown. It is also necessary to take into account the fact that fruit trees do not always begin to bear fruit immediately. The minimum period is one to two years; for this purpose, special varieties are bred, which are classified as early-fruiting. But an ordinary tree begins to bear fruit only 8-9 years after planting, which makes the fruit tree growing business a long-term business. As already mentioned, it is good to practice it in multidisciplinary farms and where the cultivation of annual plants has already been established - they become good predecessors for trees.

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For those wishing to open their own business, it is becoming increasingly difficult to do so in the city. Profitable types businesses have tough competition. But you can start your own business in the village. One of the advantages of starting a farm is the small investment. We will try to tell you how to start farming from scratch.

To support business in rural areas, the state is implementing several programs that are aimed at supporting agricultural business owners. Tax incentives have also been introduced. Thanks to this, farm work becomes promising.

Where to begin?

The first step to opening your own farm is to develop a detailed and competent business plan. It is necessary to at least approximately calculate all the costs and obtain qualified advice from knowledgeable specialists, plan all actions. Ready business plan farming is your guiding thread. A successful start is half the success. All problems that arise will be resolved in due time.

You need a plot of land is your first practical task. There are two options - rent a suitable plot or buy it. The second option is more profitable in the future. Renting land is dangerous because the owner may refuse to renew your lease at the most inopportune moment. In the regions, the price of one hectare of land is approximately 2-4 thousand rubles. Even if you do not have large savings, the required amount will be available to you.

The first step is to find a suitable plot of land

After solving the problem of finding suitable land, decide what exactly you want to do. The most well-known areas of agricultural activity are breeding cows, pigs or poultry, growing vegetables and fruits, berries and melons, and fish farming.

Choosing one direction for a beginner in the agricultural business will probably be more correct. Experts advise starting with vegetables. As you develop your business, you will add new directions. Since high profitability is shown by farms that combine different types directions.

Beginners can start growing vegetables

Whatever type of activity you choose, there is always additional profit that you can make from it. Having your own raw materials, you can set up your own production. For example:

Growing fruits, berries and vegetables. Additional profit is the sale of frozen vegetables and fruits.
Raising pigs or cattle cattle . Production can be established own products– stews, sausages, deli meats. Raising cows will allow you to produce dairy products for sale.
Growing grains. Producing your own flour and cereals, maintaining your own bakery where you can bake all kinds of baked goods.

This list is approximate. You can add many more items to it. It depends on your desire to earn money, your capabilities and imagination. And, of course, do not forget about one important point - you need to take care of the sales market in advance. If you are new to business and don’t have sales skills yet, you can hire an experienced specialist. He will search for buyers and conclude contracts.

A peasant farm (peasant farm) is special kind entrepreneurship. It is provided with OKVED forms and certain types of activities, which we will consider below. To begin with, let’s determine how a peasant farm differs from other types of legal entities and what are its pros and cons. As a rule, this is a group of people who are often relatives or for some other reason have joint property and are engaged in agricultural work for profit. What types of activities do peasant farms have? We'll talk about this later.

What does a peasant farm do?

Peasant farms are a form of activity that exists along with individual entrepreneurs or LLCs. It is regulated by Law 74-FZ “On Peasant (Farming) Economy”. The main activities of peasant farms, if listed in general procedure, are:

production and processing (of any products related to agriculture);
transportation;
storage;
implementation.

When registering, the founder must select the type of occupation of the peasant farm being formed, determined by OKVED.

Possible types of farms

After determining the type of peasant farm, it is easier to decide on its type of activity. There are four such types in total:

Khutorskoe peasant farm. It is characterized by a compact location; all buildings are built, as they say, from scratch. Due to the fact that this type of farming requires large financial investments, it is not very popular. However, if you need a large space for future activities, this option will be suitable.
Bran farming. It is large enough and suitable for a rotational method. Typically, there is a dense arrangement of various buildings here, which forces the entrepreneur to think about logistics. However, its advantages are that it allows the combination of several types of livestock farming.

Large-scale peasant farm is based on any agricultural organization that turns out to be unprofitable. Having acquired such a plot, the farmer may not demolish the existing buildings, but use them for his activities. As a rule, this type of farm “inherits” the type of activity from the one that the previous organization was engaged in.
Village farming located next to any locality. In this case, logistics will be cheaper than in others, but environmental standards limit this type of peasant farm activity. This should not be ignored, since possible conflicts - with environmental services or the population - can significantly slow down business processes.

Not only the possible activity of the enterprise depends on the type of farm, but also the size starting capital and other nuances.

Advantages of peasant farms

What are they and do they exist? This question interests many.

On to the pros peasant farms include the presence of state support and other privileges, a grace period for taxation, the ability to use large land(over two and a half hectares), receive various grants, officially register employees, have benefits in lending for the purchase of land, equipment and equipment. In addition, peasant farms are not inspected by local commissions, unless, of course, there have been violations of the law.

Disadvantages of peasant farming

But there are also disadvantages. Firstly, registering the type of activity of a peasant farm costs more than registering the same individual entrepreneur. In addition, the founder is obliged to use the land for its intended purpose (land intended for growing crops should not be used for grazing livestock). A peasant farm participant cannot be a member of another similar organization. Well, it is important to take into account the dependence of rural entrepreneurs on seasonal risks, weather conditions, diseases of livestock and plants, etc. Farmers often work for several years without profit or at a loss.

On state support for peasant farming

Here it is necessary to say a few words separately. This is one of the few types of business that has secured very tangible government support. For example, preferential lending conditions, when subsidies are given to repay part of the loan interest rate. There is also a one-time or grant financial aid for the creation and maintenance of the chosen type of peasant farm activity. There is also property support in the form of transfer of ownership of plots of land, premises, equipment, transport, inventory, equipment, etc. - on the basis of a lease agreement with preferential terms.

Comments on the legislation on peasant farming

In the comments to the legislation devoted to peasant farms, important points. For example, it is noted that the production and processing of agricultural products are among the main activities, while transportation, storage and sale are additional (auxiliary) activities.

It is further noted that the peasant farm does not fully qualify as a legal entity, since it does not have constituent documents confirming its legal capacity. Some questions follow from this: what type of activity can a peasant farm be engaged in, but most importantly, is it really necessary to indicate it? Current and established practice gives a positive answer. Another slippery point in connection with the unidentified legal capacity of the peasant farm is advisory in nature: the head of the farm should be careful when concluding transactions: if they are not related to the previously designated types of activities, they may be declared invalid.

Do I need a license to engage in this type of activity?

Some types of agricultural businesses must be licensed, which is regulated by the Federal Law “On Licensing Types of Activities” (2011). It is also important to know that there is a separate list of goods that can be considered transportation for the needs of a single peasant farm if the transport of this farm is used. By the way, this list does not say anything about the transportation of workers who need to be transported to or from their place of work. A Passenger Transportation(more than eight people) are subject to licensing.

Why is OKVED needed and what is it?

Registration of peasant farms implies such types of entrepreneurship as growing crops, livestock breeding, and providing consulting assistance to the population. Registration of peasant farms is available for individual entrepreneurs and legal entities. When opening a peasant farm, activity codes in 2017 from a six-digit sequence must be indicated in the application for the tax office. They will then be reflected in the reporting.

This classifier is necessary to simplify control over the payment of taxes and accelerate the entry of information. The founder of a farm has the right to choose one main or several codes. The list of peasant farms was updated in 2016 (OKVED-2), so it is necessary to focus on it.

Types of activities of peasant farms according to the classifier

Let us list the types of activities of peasant farms according to OKVED:

1. Plant growing - annual crops, perennial crops, seedlings. Codes for those planning to grow annual crops are divided into:

growing plants to produce grain;
growing legumes;
growing raw materials for vegetable oil;
cultivation of rice crops;
cultivation of tobacco crops;
growing various vegetables, mushroom crops and sugar cane;
breeding flowering plants and obtaining seeds.

The matter is not limited to this. What else can you do?

If you are planning to start growing perennial crops, then the following types of peasant farm activities are provided for you:

growing fruits, including exotic ones, growing berries and nuts;
cultivation of tea and coffee crops, plants from which spices are made and medicinal plants.

But other options are also possible. Everyone can choose an activity to their liking.

2. Animal husbandry. The following activities are proposed here:

breeding livestock for the production and sale of dairy products;
breeding animals for the purpose of selling meat;
horse breeding and kumis production;
breeding of animal species such as camels, sheep, pigs, goats, for the purpose of selling meat and dairy products;
breeding ducks, turkeys, chickens, geese and others poultry for obtaining and selling their meat and eggs;
bee breeding and honey farming;
breeding fur-bearing animals, including rabbits;
silkworm breeding;
breeding domestic reindeer;
breeding other types of domestic animals, including those intended for laboratory research. Breeding earthworms.

3. If you are not directly related to the listed activities or provide consulting services, please pay attention to the following items mentioned in the classifier (in the column “other activities”):

other activities in the field of crop production, such as tree pruning, harvesting, etc.;
other activities in the field of livestock farming - vaccination, inspection, translocation of livestock, etc.;
services that are needed after harvesting in the form of providing storage facilities, cleaning before processing anything, seed processing, sorting, various research, etc.;
hunting, i.e. catching, shooting animals;
forestry, i.e. timber harvesting, collecting wild fruits, berries, nuts, etc.;
fishing, fish farming.

Can a peasant farmer engage in other types of activities?

There is an opinion that the legal capacity of the head of a household is the same as the legal capacity of any individual registered as an individual entrepreneur. The main thing is to do everything within the law and in agreement with certain members of the peasant farm. And also, are there any prohibited types of activities for peasant farms? The answer to this question is clear: everything that is not condemned by law is permitted. Act in accordance with existing legislation to avoid problems. And may good luck accompany you.

There are several forms of doing business, depending on the type and scale of commercial activity. When starting a business from scratch, many prefer to register as an individual entrepreneur, as this is a fairly simple and quick procedure. But if a person decides to engage in agricultural activities, he can also register a farm. To understand which is better - individual entrepreneur or peasant farm, and choose optimal shape running a business, you need to understand the intricacies of each of them.

Peasant farms as a type of activity

A peasant farm (peasant farm) is represented by a group of people who are most often relatives, or for some other reason have joint property and are engaged in agriculture for the purpose of profit. Members of peasant farms are engaged in the production of products, their processing, storage, transportation and sales. A peasant farm can produce any product, but only if it is agricultural: poultry, livestock, vegetables, cereals.

If you are going to produce products of a different kind, a form of business such as peasant farming will not suit you.

What are the advantages

Peasant farming has a number of advantages:

support and privileges from the state;
tax grace period;
possibility of using large land plots, the area of which exceeds 2.5 hectares;
the opportunity to receive grants under support programs from various foundations;
official registration of employees;
preferential conditions for obtaining loans for the purchase of land and equipment;
in the absence of violations of the law, peasant farms are not subject to inspection by commissions from local government.

Therefore, many rural residents who have sufficient initial capital to develop agriculture, they prefer to create peasant farms.

Disadvantages of peasant farms

Unfortunately, no form of doing business is perfect. And peasant farming has disadvantages, which, however, are not many:

Large costs for registering a farm compared to a regular individual entrepreneur.
Mandatory use of land for its intended purpose. That is, if your land is intended for growing cultivated plants, you cannot graze livestock on it.
A participant in such a farm can be a member of only one peasant farm.

The agricultural business has fairly long payback periods. And if you want to speed up the process of making a profit, and also have some guarantees for yourself, you should follow a few recommendations:

What is IP

IP (individual entrepreneur) is individual, the person who formalized commercial activities and pays taxes. That is, an entrepreneur does not register a legal entity in order to engage in a certain type of business.

Registration of an individual entrepreneur is a fairly simple procedure that does not require a long time and significant financial costs. Therefore, this way of doing business is suitable for those who want to start their own business from scratch.

Who can start a peasant farm?

A peasant farm can be created either by a group of people or by one person - the head of the peasant farm - individual entrepreneur. That is, the founder of the farm must already be individual entrepreneur. Therefore, the concepts of peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs are closely related.

If the household will include more than one person, an agreement must be concluded between the co-owners. This document includes the following sections:

General provisions on the work of the farmers' association.
Information about the head of the peasant farm.
Rights, duties and responsibilities of all members of the peasant farm.
Rules for entering and leaving a peasant farm.
Regulations on the transfer of personal property into the ownership of peasant farms.
Distribution of profits from farm activities.

Package of documents for registration

Only one member of the company takes part in the registration of a peasant farm - the head of the peasant farm with the status of an individual entrepreneur. To register, he must collect a package of documents:

A notarized application for the establishment of a peasant farm signed by the head of the farm.
Agreement between members of peasant farms.
A copy of the passport of the person in whose name the company is registered.
Copies of passports of all members of the household.
TIN of all members of peasant farms.
Copies of certificates confirming the family ties of the co-owners.
List of OKVED codes.
Bank details.
Receipt of payment of the duty.

Peasant farm members

As we have already said, members of peasant farms are mainly relatives: spouses, parents and children, sisters and brothers and more distant relatives. Their number in a farm is not limited. For other people who cannot confirm family ties with the head of the peasant farm, there are 2 rules:

You can accept strangers into society, but only so that their total number does not exceed 5.
The maximum number of different families in a society is 3.

Registration forms

Previously, it was possible to register a peasant farm as a legal entity or settle on an association of people, among whom one would have the status of an individual entrepreneur. But in 2003, the Law on Peasant Farming was adopted, in which there was no talk of registering a legal entity. Since then, community heads have been required to register individual entrepreneurs and submit reports independently.

In what cases is a legal entity formed?

If you want to run an agricultural business with a large number of partners who are not your relatives, you will not be able to register a peasant farm. Registration of individual entrepreneur of one of the participants and hiring of others according to employment contract does not provide guarantees to partners and does not protect their rights. In this case the best option LLC will be registered.

Individual entrepreneur - head of peasant farm

Main advantage creation of peasant farms– no need to register an enterprise. The main thing is that one of the community members has the appropriate status.

The head of a peasant farm is called an individual entrepreneur, and a farming society is opened at his place of registration.

The head of the peasant farm carries out all organizational work:

Private household plot or peasant farm

The form of agricultural activity closest to peasant farms is private household plots. The difference between personal subsidiary farming and peasant farming is as follows:

The owner of a private household plot works informally; he does not need to register as an individual entrepreneur, pay taxes and provide reports.
The owner of a subsidiary farm cannot issue declarations and quality certificates for his products. Therefore, he makes products more for own consumption, not for sale. The activities of peasant farms primarily involve making a profit.
Private household plots can use no more than 2.5 hectares of land for growing crops. While for peasant farms there is no limitation in land resources.
The head of a peasant farm has a better chance of receiving a loan, since he is perceived as an individual entrepreneur and not a private individual.

As you can see, private household plots are not a way of doing business; In order to make a profit, it is recommended to create a farm. But, unfortunately, not everyone can afford to buy a large plot of land. Others do not want to live in rural areas just to open a family business.

Peasant farm accounting

Since peasant farms are not legal entity, head of the community, agrees with federal law dated December 29, 1995 No. 222-FZ, can keep records using a simplified system. Accounting statements, according to the law, must be kept according to the book of income and expenses. But different peasant farms can differ greatly in their scale. For large farms, the most common system of accounts and double entry. It allows you to reflect in detail all business transactions and processes.

Tax benefits for peasant farms

After receiving a certificate of registration of a peasant farm, the head of the community must choose a taxation system. Most often, in this case, a single agricultural tax is chosen, in which the community pays 6% of profits every six months. But for farms there is a grace period for paying taxes, which is 5 years from the date of registration of the individual entrepreneur by the head of the peasant farm. During this period, the farm does not pay taxes, which has a good effect on the payback period of the business.

State support for peasant farms

Peasant farms are one of the few forms of doing business that have received significant government support:

Support for lending to agricultural producers. Companies are given subsidies to cover part of the cost of paying the interest rate on the loan.
Financial assistance in the form of grants and one-time assistance for the creation and development of peasant farms.
Property support in the form of transfer of ownership of land plots, non-residential premises, transport, equipment, machinery, inventory and other state property based on a lease agreement on preferential terms.
Fund compensation social insurance in case of loss of a breadwinner.

Let's sum it up

You already understand that the concepts of peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs are closely intertwined. But in their pure form, these two types of business have significant differences. For a clear example, we have created a table of differences, which is better - a peasant farm or an individual entrepreneur:

Criterion		Individual entrepreneurship
Number of organization members	An unlimited number of related people, in other cases no more than five.	One man
Registration	Only the head of the peasant farm is registered, but an agreement is required in the case of several co-owners.	Registration of one person with information about his identity.
Income distribution	Between all participants of the company, according to the agreement.	All income belongs to the entrepreneur.
Responsibility	Distributed among all participants of the peasant farm, in accordance with the relevant provision in the agreement.	All responsibility lies with the individual entrepreneur. Responsible with personal property.
Privileges	Grace period in taxation, property governmental support, insurance compensations.	Simplified taxation system, reduced insurance premiums, grants and subsidies for a start-up entrepreneur.

The advantages of an individual entrepreneur over a peasant farm appear only if you want to run your own business. In the case of a family or partnership business, it would be better to register a peasant farm or LLC so that all business participants have the same rights and guarantees.

Peasant farm - history of formation and success: Video

One of the most important industries in Russia is the cultivation of grain crops. Let us briefly describe the technology and business plan of this type of business in order to get an idea of what is required to organize it.

The demand for crop products around the world is considered to be the highest. And in our country there are natural conditions to fully satisfy consumer demands. The most important thing is to decide on the crop to be planted and a suitable site for its cultivation.

Relevance of agricultural business

At the state level, a law has been adopted on the development and regulation of this industry, which helps support entrepreneurship in the cultivation of grain crops, and also makes it possible to increase the volume of their production and processing.

In this case, there are government subsidies for project investment, as well as various tax benefits. Even if you do not have enough funds to organize this type of business at the proper level, you can count on loans with favorable conditions.

Statistics also indicate an increase in sown areas and growing grain sales volumes. And although there are certain risks when growing various crops, the profitability of the business remains high. Experts say that in just one year you can achieve full payback only through wholesale sales products within the country.

If we add to this high level export, then the profitability and attractiveness of this business idea only grows. It is important to decide what exactly you will grow. For example, about half of the crops are wheat, since it is considered the most popular crop from which bakery and confectionery, cereals, flour and much more. At the same time, there are several important factors influencing business development:

Expansion of areas for sowing wheat, which significantly increases gross indicators.
When exporting, the list of countries for supplying goods is constantly updated, and its volumes increase every year.
World prices for this type products change frequently.
In addition to the usual demand for grain crops, there is also a need for this cereal on livestock farms.

But a business strategy needs to be built carefully. After all, there are various fluctuations in the market according to changes in weather conditions, the amount of grain reserves, price trends, etc. Even political sanctions affect the level of demand and cost final product. Therefore, an entrepreneur in this industry will have to constantly monitor changes on a large scale.

Where to begin?

When organizing the production of grain crops as a business, you need to understand this issue. And if you do not have enough relevant experience or theoretical knowledge, then it is better to hire a professional agronomist as a permanent assistant.

After all, when choosing a plot of land and the crops themselves, you need to focus on the climatic conditions of the region, take into account the timing of sowing and harvesting, the seasonality of the business, the need to use fertilizers, drawing up a plan for the purchase of equipment, etc.

The main stages of organizing a business will be the following:

Selection of crops for cultivation according to the capabilities of the region.
Finding investments for start-up costs.
Buying or renting a suitable field for sowing.
Registration of an enterprise with issuance of a permit for this type of work.
Purchase of specialized equipment, equipment, inventory, etc.
Creation storage facilities according to grain storage requirements.
Selection of personnel with proper training and experience.
Purchasing seeds in the required quantity.
Carrying out sowing work.
Care of fields according to standards.
Harvesting.
Storage and sale of goods.

Registration of activities

If such an enterprise is created, it will be necessary to register a personal subsidiary plot (LPH) or a peasant farm (peasant farm). But it should be noted that in order to achieve high profits and to reduce risks in this industry, experts recommend growing grain crops in large volumes. Therefore, the second form of organization will be more acceptable.

You will need to develop a competent business plan and make a feasibility study of the project. To do this, it is better to contact a professional who will develop the right strategy, which will become the basis for successful development enterprises.

You can download it here for free as a sample.

Selection of land

With all the diversity of our country’s territory, it is better to focus on the southern regions for sowing most grain crops. Although the regions of the middle zone are also suitable for individual species plants. Consider not only the climatic conditions, but also the topography, previous uses of the field, the duration of its operation, and much more.

It is important to understand that the land cannot produce a good harvest every year, so from time to time experienced agronomists provide it with rest or sow it with different crops, replacing them with each other. Ideally the plan is:

the existing territory is divided into four zones;
three of them are used, for example, for wheat, sunflower and barley;
the fourth is left untouched;
Every year they change the sowing location for each of them and choose a new area for rest.

As a result, there is a change in the composition of the soil and its periodic restoration, which has a beneficial effect on the overall yield, and therefore the profitability of the project.

There is no point in growing grain crops on a small scale. Therefore, it is recommended to rent an area of at least 400 hectares. With an average business size, this figure is already 5,000 hectares.

When concluding a lease agreement, it is better to immediately draw it up for several years in advance in order to avoid the risks of changing payments and not disrupt the planting schedule. If you want to engage in this business for a long period, it is better to try to buy the fields into your own property as early as possible.

Deciding on plants

When choosing grain crops to be grown on the field, you need to think carefully about all the points. After all, the equipment used, sowing and harvesting times, business payback periods, average yields, sales markets and much more depend on this.

Thus, wheat can be clod and food, winter and spring. In addition to this type of culture, high demand Rye, barley and sunflower are used. These plants are considered the most favorable choice for cultivation in the middle and southern latitudes of Russia.

Equipment and technology

To speed up and simplify the process of growing these crops as much as possible, it is advisable to purchase modern machines:

And also in capital investments you need to include expenses for the creation of warehouses, hangars, the construction of production facilities, repair shops, the purchase of various equipment, etc.

Staff

As mentioned above, for development successful business for growing grain crops in mandatory You will need to hire an experienced agronomist. In addition, it is advisable to acquire other employees:

the director of the enterprise can be the owner himself;
for large production volumes, a deputy is needed;
several tractor drivers;
combine operators;
other workers;
accountant for maintaining competent tax reporting;
product sales manager.

Since this type of business is seasonal, it most of employees are hired only for a few months of the year. The permanent staff usually consists of three people.

Growing technology

The whole process goes through the following stages:

Harrowing the soil, which takes from 8 to 10 days.
Spring sowing work, which can last up to 10-15 days.
Repeated harrowing.
Treatment with herbicides, fertilizers, etc.
Harvesting, which will take at least 20 days.
Storing grain in barns.

When using modern technology and high-quality fertilizers, we can talk about high yields and good prospects for business development.

Financial calculations

Total income is influenced by various factors:

climate;
weather;
soil quality;
success in the rapid sale of grain;
general prices on the market.

To compose rough plan with calculations, you need to take average indicators for the volume of cultivation of certain crops, take into account the size of the sown areas and pricing policy enterprises.

	*Capital Investment*	*Cost, in rub.*
1	Staff salaries (per year)	300 000
2	Purchasing grain for sowing	100 000
3	Fuel and lubricants and other materials	500 000
4	Construction of a barn	800 000
5	Purchase of equipment	1 300 000
6	Land lease	300 000
7	Other costs	200 000
	Total:	3 500 000

As a result, in the first year you will pay about 3.5 million rubles. But in the future, only expenses will be required to pay employees, rent land and purchase raw materials. And with established sales markets, the sale of goods will happen faster and easier every year, which will significantly affect profit growth.

From 200 hectares you can harvest 400-600 tons of grain, depending on the yield and the specific crop. With an average cost of 6,000 per ton of product, you can earn 2,400,000-3,600,000 rubles. As a result, everything will pay off in the first year starting investments. But since it is necessary to purchase or partially leave grain for the next crops, they usually talk about a full refund only after 2-3 years.

Sales market

Even when starting a business, you need to take care of how to sell your products. In the agricultural sector, conventional advertising methods are not needed.

For creating client base it is enough to conclude agreements with wholesale suppliers grain, food warehouses, large retail chains, farmland, grain processing enterprises, etc.

Possible risks

As with any business, this industry is not without its challenges. They are usually as follows:

A sharp, unexpected drop in the price of a commodity, especially when there is a good harvest year and supply exceeds underlying demand. When concluding futures contracts, these risks can be partially avoided.
Equipment for harvesting and processing periodically breaks down and requires repair or replacement. If this happened during a critical period of active work, then the delivery time of the products may be missed. Therefore, it is advisable to have several cars in stock or find the opportunity to rent equipment for a short period.
Reduced liquidity of the enterprise due to uneven cultivation and sale of grain crops. If you repay the debt before the deadline, then such troubles can be avoided.
A lean year – sooner or later all agricultural workers face this. Insurance and the formation of a plan taking into account the minimum possible profit for the corresponding region will help reduce risks.

Video: how to grow wheat correctly?