Digitalization of the oil industry. Digital economy

Roads of Russia

According to the Federal Road Service of Russia, over the past two years the volumes international transport increased by 25%. Of these: freight turnover - 157 billion km, passenger turnover - 188 billion km. By composition Technical means: 3.2 million trucks, 0.5 million buses and 16 million cars.

Currently the length highways in Russia is 956 thousand km, of which 746 thousand km are paved roads. The backbone network is formed by public roads; their length is 571 thousand km. Of the total road network, main roads make up 3%, but provide more than 30% of all transportation. The length of roads with more than three lanes is 2.2 thousand km, if necessary - 12 thousand km. In 1996 - 1997, 12 - 15 thousand km were laid in the country per year. roads, the cost of work was estimated at 45 - 50 trillion. rub.

According to experts, to meet the country's needs, the length of the highway network should be 1,500 thousand km.

Length of roads in regions

	Length of roads (km)
Moscow – total Including federal
Moscow region
St. Petersburg – total Including federal
Leningrad region
Nizhny Novgorod Region
Novgorod region
Yaroslavl region
Murmansk region
Arkhangelsk region
Pskov region
Smolensk region
Tver region

In 1991, the Russian Federation Law “On Road Funds in Russian Federation" In 1994, the federal target program“Roads of Russia”, which was given presidential status the following year. These documents determined the prospects for road development until the end of the millennium.

According to experts, to achieve the minimum density of the road network required for the country, about 560 billion rubles (denominated) will be required.

The basis for the implementation of the program was targeted road taxes. According to the mentioned documents, two funds are formed to finance the development of roads: the Federal Road Fund (its funds are directed to the maintenance of federally owned roads) and the Territorial Road Funds (their funds go to roads belonging to the territories).

The taxes that serve as the source of the formation of the FDF are as follows: on the sale of fuels and lubricants (25% of the sales amount); for the use of roads; for the purchase Vehicle.

Territorial road funds are formed from taxes on road users, vehicle owners and the purchase of vehicles.

In April 1997, the Federal Road Service of Russia was created; its main task should be to control the intended use of road fund funds.

In 1997, Russia established a single base tax rate for road users for legal entities. It amounted to 2.5% of the company's revenue. Half of it was to be transferred to the FDF, from where it was distributed among the regions, and the other was to replenish the TDF. At the same time, the subjects could form the last half themselves, changing the rate up or down.

In March 1998, in the “Federal Budget of Russia for 1998,” while maintaining the tax rate on road users at 2.5%, the distribution of the tax to road funds was changed: 2% goes to the TDF and 0.5% to the FDF. The share of tax on road users in road funds is 90%. The Federal Road Fund of the Russian Federation for 1998 was approved in the amount of 21,328.0 billion rubles, the distribution of subventions and subsidies between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the development, maintenance and repair of public roads in the amount of 6,250 billion rubles was approved.

The Federal Road Service plans to make toll roads on more than 30 roads in Russia. Five toll routes are currently being developed. In the near future, you will have to pay for the use of roads in the northwestern direction leading to the exit to the border with Finland through St. Petersburg and Vyborg, in the western direction towards Belarus Moscow-Smolensk-Minsk, in the southern direction to the exit to the Black Sea coast and in the eastern direction through Ryazan and Nizhny Novgorod.

Roads and structures intended for toll travel.

		Design speed	Intensive Movements T.km per day
Abinsk – Kabardinka (Krasnodar region0
Bridge over Malaya Severnaya Dvina near Kotlas (Arkhang region)
Belgorod – Karocha – Gubkin (Belgorod region)
Samara-Ufa-Chelyabinsk (Volga region)
Bridge over the Volga near Saratov (Volga region)
Rostov-on-Don – Taganrog – border of Ukraine (South of Russia)
Bridge over the Volga in Ulyanovsk (Volga region)
MKAD – Kashira (Moscow region)
Petrozavodsk-gran. Finland (Karelia)
St. Petersburg port on the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland. (Len.region)
St. Petersburg-Vyborg (Len.reg.)
Bypass Tosno (Len.reg.)
Ring road around St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg)
Bypass of Vyshny Volochok (Tver region)
Khimki-Klin (Moscow region)

Currently, active negotiations are underway with investors on these objects. Designed for them project documentation, estimates, implementation stages and financing schemes.

In the future, the introduction of toll sections will help ease the situation on the roads and overcome the traffic crisis.

Total length of roads – 4520 km

Road surface area – 120 million square meters

Federal roads – 874 km.

Territorial road fund in 1997 - 9.98 trillion rubles.

In 1998 - 9.47 billion rubles

In 1997, to celebrate the 850th anniversary of Moscow, all the main highways of the city, streets and squares were repaired. 31.6 million square meters of coatings were repaired. The reconstruction of 17 bridges, three underground passages, and the construction of 10 pedestrian crossings over the road were carried out.

In 1997, 26 km of the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) was commissioned; with the commissioning of this section, the reconstruction (expansion to 10 lanes) of the MKAD from Volgogradsky Prospekt in the south of the capital to Leningradskoye Shosse in the north-west was completed. A new interchange has been introduced at the intersection of the Moscow Ring Road and Shchelkovskoye Highway.

In September 1998, the reconstruction of the Moscow Ring Road along the entire 109 km ring was completed. Five additional interchanges were built, and 78 wastewater treatment plants were built to keep the road in good condition. Gene. The contractor is Transstroy Corporation. Financing is on a commercial basis, several leading banks and RAO Gazprom participated.

Construction of the Moscow-Minsk highway is underway

Moscow region.

Area – 47.0 thousand sq km

Number of cities - 72

Total length of roads – 20,605 km

Road surface area – 164.8 million sq. m.

Territorial road fund in 1997 - 1278.6 billion rubles.

TDF in 1998 – 568.0 million rubles

FDF in 1998 – 186.0 million rubles.

A special feature of the development of roads in the Moscow region is that all federal highways connecting Moscow with the regions pass through the territory of the region. Thus, federal highway reconstruction programs make it possible to repair most roads at the expense of the federal budget.

Reconstruction of the MKAD-Kashira highway has begun. This section, 103 km long, is planned to be made toll. The repairs are carried out according to European standards with the placement of campsites and rest areas for every 10 km of the route, and gas stations for every 40 km. Financing is on a commercial basis. It is planned to issue special bonds.

The Khimki-Klin highway is being reconstructed. This section, 61 km long, is also planned to be made toll.

Construction of the Moscow–Minsk highway has begun. This highway is also planned to be made toll. The Italian company SPEA, specializing in toll highways, is hired to design the roads.

Production and supply of bitumen for road construction in Moscow and the Moscow region.

The main supplier of bitumen in Moscow and the Moscow region is Moscow Oil Refinery (Address 109429 Moscow Kapotnya, 2nd quarter Tel. 175-23-44). In 1997, the plant processed 9.1 million tons of oil.

Bitumen production at the Moscow Oil Refinery

Production volume in 1998 is planned to remain at the 1997 level.

A major supplier of bitumen is Oil company "Lukoil" (Address 101 000 Moscow, Stretensky Boulevard, 11, tel. 928-98-41).

Bitumen is supplied by "Lukoil - Permnefteorgsintez" (Address 614055 Perm, Promyshlennaya st. 84 Tel. 27-92-22).

Bitumen production at Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez

Production volume - total
Tar for oil bitumen
Incl. Building
Roofing
Petroleum bitumen road liquid

Revenue from sales of NK Lukoil (Moscow) in 1996 amounted to 13,872 billion rubles, in 1997 – 24,137 billion rubles.

The volume of imports of bitumen by NK Lukoil in 1997 amounted to $59.6 million, the volume of exports was $385.0 million.

The volume of imports of bitumen to Moscow and the Moscow region in the first half of 1998 amounted to 10,152 tons worth $ 6,611 thousand.

Import of bitumen to Moscow and the Moscow region in

I - half of 1998.

Main supplier companies: “Ondulin- Construction Materials”, “TAO LTD”, “Biotechnology”, “Technocomservice”, “Glavrybtorg”, “Dortekhkomplekt”, “Mostotrest”, “PLM”.

Exports of bitumen from Moscow and the Moscow region amounted to 11,221 tons worth $1,651 thousand in the first half of 1998.

Export of bitumen from Moscow and the Moscow region to

I - half of 1998.

The main companies that export bitumen are: Moscow Representative Office of Kirishinefteorgsintez, Anchor Inc., Eurocontract, NK Lukoil.

Saint Petersburg.

Total length of roads – 3220 km

Road surface area – 52.8 million sq. m

Federal roads – 798 km

Territorial road fund in 1997 - 1.27 trillion rubles,

in 1998 – 1.32 billion rubles.

In 1997, a record number of asphalt pavements were repaired in St. Petersburg - 5.4 million square meters, while the road fund was overspent and at the beginning of 1998, accounts payable to construction organizations in the amount of 440 million rubles arose.

In 1998, for the first time, a targeted program road works was approved together with the city budget, its cost volume is 540 million rubles - 29 addresses, 800 thousand sq.m.

In 1997, a complete reconstruction of Liteyny Prospekt was carried out.

In 1998, a comprehensive reconstruction was carried out on Vladimirsky Avenue. Along with the road surface, all the utility networks running underneath are changing. Tram rails, as on Liteiny Prospekt, will be laid using German technology, ensuring long-term operation. The customer of the work is the City Administration Improvement Committee. The main contractor is JSC General Construction Corporation, which won the tender to carry out these works. Source of funding – TDF. The cost of the work is about 30.0 million rubles.

In addition, it is necessary to complete the reconstruction of roads at 82 addresses: on Sredneokhtinsky Prospekt, Obukhovskaya Oborony Ave., Staropetergofsky Ave., Liteiny Ave., etc. These works are estimated at 585 million rubles.

When carrying out repairs on Northern Avenue, the company “VAD” (“High Quality Highways”) used new technology for laying asphalt. The company purchased 4 American “Shuttle Buggie SB-2500” machines, which mix the asphalt delivered to the site, resulting in it being homogeneous and at the same temperature. This allows you to make roads of the highest class with a minimum service life of 8-10 years.

Federal roads.

In December 1997, construction began on the St. Petersburg Ring Road. The cost of the project is $1.1 billion. The duration of construction is five years. Throughout the entire ring, it is planned to build road junctions at different levels, 16 overpasses, 13 large and 18 small bridges, 28 overpasses. The most large objects– a 24-meter tunnel in the area of ​​Rzhevka airport and a bridge across the Neva (south of the Nevsky Forest Park). Traffic will be organized in two lanes in one direction with a safety separation zone of 4 meters. To carry out all the work, OJSC “Ring Road of St. Petersburg” was created. A controlling stake (51%) belongs to two constituent entities of the Federation, St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region (25.5% each). The remaining shares are distributed between 39 legal entities. These are the presenters construction companies cities, design organizations and construction industry enterprises, such as Bridge Construction Squad No. 19, Magistral asphalt concrete plant, Lenmelioration, Lendorstroy. The construction and operation of the road is expected to be carried out on a commercial basis. The Ring Road will be the first toll road in Russia. For determining construction organization a tender was announced - the North-Western branch of the Transstroy corporation became the winner.

Leningrad region.

Area – 85.9 thousand sq km

Number of cities - 27

Total length of roads – 14,786 km

Road surface area – 118.2 million sq. m

Federal roads – 1195 km

Road fund in 1997 - 653.0 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned - 206 million rubles. – TDF, 85 million rubles – FDF, including 55 million rubles for bringing rural roads to standard condition.

In 1997, 659 billion rubles were spent on the repair, construction and maintenance of roads in the Leningrad region, including 133.7 billion rubles from the FDF and 519.3 from the TDF. Almost 15 thousand km of roads pass through the region, including about 4 thousand km of departmental roads, which must be completely reconstructed in order to be transferred to the category of public roads. Of the 1,195 km of federal roads, 60% of roads require repair. The Road Committee is in charge of 674 bridges and 28 overpasses.

During 1997, 263 km of roads were repaired. Work was underway to build bypass roads around the cities of Tosno, Lodeynoye Pole, Pikalevo, and bypass Mshinskaya station. The construction of the second lane on the Kola highway continued.

In 1998, the construction of a bypass road around Tosno and a bypass around Mshinskaya station should be completed, and work should continue on the Maryino-Sinyavino section of the road.

Federal roads.

In 1997 - 98, work was carried out on the “Scandinavia” road St. Petersburg - Vyborg - the Finnish border using a loan from the World Bank ($29 million loan). Gene. The contractor for the first stage of work was Tosno DRSU, which won the tender for this work. The companies “Lemminkäinen”, “Buer”, “Torsion” were involved in the work. The company “Neste St. Petersburg” organized the supply of 16 thousand tons of bitumen from Finland. On the 127 km section of the route, 308 thousand tons of asphalt and concrete mass were laid.

The European Community has allocated 9 million ECU for the capital improvement of two road crossing points on the Russian-Finnish border, “Svetogorsk – Imatra” (Leningrad region) and “Salla” (Murmansk region).

The St. Petersburg trust “Mostostroy-6” won the tender for the construction of the first stage of a bypass road around Vyborg. He will carry out the construction of a 440-meter metal bridge across the Saimaa Canal and a 6-km section of the highway. The cost of the work is 118.9 million rubles. The bypass road will connect the routes to Lappenranta and Svetogorsk. The completion date for the first stage is the end of 1999. The cost of constructing a bypass road with a length of 29 km is 600 million rubles. Financing – 50% from the FDF, 50% from investors. The tender for the selection of investors should take place at the end of 1998. The bypass road has great importance for the development of the Scandinavia highway, and also allows you to relieve the center of Vyborg from heavy vehicles.

In 1998, the reconstruction of the remaining 25 km on the Rossiya highway should be completed. The tender for work on 602–625 km of the route was won by the Tosnenskoye DRSU.

In 1998, work began on the first 22-kilometer section of the St. Petersburg Ring Road.

Promising projects of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region are to develop the 9th international transport corridor (Helsinki-Petersburg-Moscow-Rostov-on-Don-Novorossiysk / Astrakhan) in the form of transport branches to the southwest, south, southeast and east. The Netherlands has expressed great interest in creating an intermodal transport corridor Baltic-Center-Black Sea and is actively working on this issue.

Production and supply of bitumen for road construction in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region.

Plant “Kirishinefteorgsintez” (“KINEF”) (Address: 187110 Leningrad region, Kirishi Shosse Entuziastov) – the main supplier of petroleum products in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. In 1997, KINEF processed 15.5 million tons of oil, and a plant for the production of bases for synthetic oils was put into operation. detergents, a plant for the production of soft roofing was launched.

Bitumen production at KINEF

Production volume - total
Tar for oil bitumen
Petroleum bitumen (including shale)
Incl. Building
Roofing
Petroleum bitumen road liquid

Production volumes in 1998 are planned to remain at the 1997 level.

Until recently, quality road bitumen, produced by the plant was low. This was explained by the fact that bitumen in the general nomenclature of oil refineries was considered almost as a production waste. To solve this problem, in 1998, the plant, together with Neste, launched installations for the production of road bitumen (700-800 thousand tons) of European quality.

The volume of bitumen exports in the first half of 1998 amounted to 26.4 thousand tons worth $ 2.1 million. Buyers of bitumen:

IPIP International Petroleum Products OY – Finland

Company “Westcrout Trading Group” – USA

Company “Ekost L.L.S.” - USA

In 1998 Industrial construction company BIK A stone molding plant was opened in the village of Siverskaya, Gatchina region. The plant is equipped modern equipment German company KNAUER. The automatic plant will produce over 100 square meters paving slabs per shift, as well as asphalt, curbstones, slopes, gutters.

The Lendorstroy-2 organization modernized the production of asphalt concrete mixtures. Equipment purchased for $2.4 million. A line for the production of asphalt crumbs has been installed. The line covers the needs of St. Petersburg for recycling old asphalt. An emulsion production line and equipment for the production of bitumen plates were purchased. The company intends to sell bitumen sheets and emulsions to other manufacturers and road organizations.

“Asphalt Concrete Plant – 1” purchased three “Hot-Mix 30” units - a mobile mobile asphalt concrete plant. It is installed in three days in close proximity to the place where road work is being carried out. The plant's capacity is 180 tons of asphalt concrete per hour. The same mobile plant was purchased State Enterprise “Suburban Road Repair construction department № 3”.

CJSC Neste St. Petersburg represents the interests of all industries and divisions of the Neste concern both in St. Petersburg and throughout the North-West, carrying out wholesale and retail trade in petroleum products, petrochemical industry and high quality bitumen. The activities of the bitumen department of “Neste St. Petersburg” began in 1995. The main object of use of Neste road bitumen in the region was the capitally reconstructed highway St. Petersburg - Vyborg - Scandinavia State Border. The volume of bitumen imports in the first half of 1998 amounted to 1.7 thousand tons worth $ 287 thousand.

CJSC Neste St. Petersburg is developing the construction of a terminal for petroleum products in the port of Bronka, which is under construction.

The volume of bitumen imports in the first half of 1998 to St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region amounted to 4,947 tons worth $ 1,703 thousand.

Import of bitumen to St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region in the first half of 1998.

The main suppliers of bitumen are: “AK Company”, “Neste St. Petersburg”, “High-Speed ​​Railways”, “Ninas Baltik”, Baltika Brewery.

Exports of bitumen from St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region in the first half of 1998 amounted to 17,781 tons worth $1,466 thousand.

Export of bitumen from St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region to

I - half of 1998.

The main exporting companies are: Kinex St. Petersburg, Kirishinefteorgsintez Kirishi.

Nizhny Novgorod Region.

Area – 74.8 thousand sq km

Number of cities - 25

Total length of roads – 18,428 km

Road surface area – 147.8 million sq. m.

Road fund in 1997 – 533.5 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned - 540.0 million rubles. – TDF

26.0 million rubles – FDF

The main Russian route from Europe to Asia passes through Nizhny Novgorod. The reconstruction of this route is carried out as part of federal program“Roads of Russia”. In addition, this route allows for the development of the 9th international transport corridor in an eastern direction. It is planned to make this highway a toll highway, so the repairs are carried out according to European standards.

At the beginning of 1998, a cooperation agreement was signed between the Nizhny Novgorod oil company Norsi-Oil and the Italian oil concern Eni, as well as an agreement between Norsi-Oil and Agip Petroli on the creation of a joint Russian-Italian enterprise for the construction and management of gas stations.

Production and supply of bitumen for road construction Nizhny Novgorod region.

The main supplier of bitumen in the Nizhny Novgorod region and Central regions of Russia is Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez (NORSI) . (Address 606200 Nizhny Novgorod region, Kstovo Tel. 38-12-66)

In 1997, 11,520 thousand tons of oil were processed.

Bitumen production at NORSI

Production volume - total
Tar for oil bitumen
Petroleum bitumen (including shale)
Incl. Building
Roofing
Petroleum bitumen road liquid

To others major supplier bitumen in the region is Lukoil - Nizhny Novgorod. Supplies are made from Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez.

The volume of bitumen imports into the Nizhny Novgorod region in the first half of 1998 was 317.7 tons at a price of $234.6 thousand. The supplier country is Finland.

The main supplier company is Region.

The volume of exports in the first half of 1998 was 1,354.2 tons worth $127.4 thousand.

Export of bitumen from the Nizhny Novgorod region to

I - half of 1998.

The main exporting companies are: Oil Company NORSI-OIL, Lukoil-Nizhny Novgorod.

Novgorod region.

Area – 55.3 thousand sq km

Number of cities – 10

Total length of roads – 9908 km

Road surface area – 64.2 million sq. m.

Road fund in 1997 - 206.7 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned – 75.0 million rubles. – TDF

65.9 million rubles – FDF

The Novgorod region ranks second after Moscow in terms of the level of foreign investment in the economy. There are more than 160 enterprises in the region with foreign investments, the volume of which is about $154 million. An agreement was signed with the EBRD on the implementation of the Housing and Communal Services Reform project worth over $100 million.

The main volume of road construction work in the Novgorod region is associated with the expansion and reconstruction of the main Russian road, the St. Petersburg – Moscow highway. The route is part of the 9th international transport corridor. The roadbed is being expanded to 10 m. A section of 32 km ends in the Krestetsky district of the Novgorod region, where the highway is expanding to 9.85 m. The builders still have to complete four crossings across the rivers Gremyachaya, Kholova, Moshnya and railway beyond Valdai.

Supply of bitumen for road construction in the Novgorod region.

Yaroslavl region.

Area – 36.4 thousand sq. km

Number of cities - 10

Total length of roads – 7,738 km

Road surface area – 54.2 million sq. m.

Road fund in 1997 - 139.2 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned - 128.0 million rubles. – TDF

15 million rubles – FDF

The federal road Moscow – Yaroslavl – Vologda – Arkhangelsk passes through Yaroslavl. The reconstruction of this route is carried out within the framework of the “Roads of Russia” program. The amount of funds allocated from the federal budget does not allow large volumes of work to be carried out in 1998.

France provided the Yaroslavl region with a loan of $25 million to modernize the construction industry using French technology from the Fenix ​​company. The loan is provided in the form of equipment purchased in Germany, France, Italy, Sweden and Finland. The range of equipment has been agreed upon and supply contracts have been signed.

Production and supply of bitumen for road construction in the Yaroslavl region.

The main supplier of bitumen in the Yaroslavl region and Central regions of Russia is “Yaroslavnefteorgsintez” (Slavneft) . (Address 150000 Yaroslavl GSP Moskovskoe highway Tel. 44-32-27)

In 1997, 6,920 thousand tons of oil were processed.

Bitumen production at Slavneft

Production volume - total
Tar for oil bitumen
Petroleum bitumen (including shale)
Incl. Building
Roofing
Petroleum bitumen road liquid

The volume of bitumen imports in the first half of 1998 amounted to 11.2 tons worth $ 3.3 thousand. The supplier country is the USA.

Export volume - 91.4 tons worth $ 41.8 thousand. Bitumen was exported to Moldova and Ukraine.

Murmansk region.

Area – 144.9 thousand sq. km

Number of cities - 11

Total length of roads – 3,638 km

Road surface area – 21.8 million sq. m

Road fund in 1997 - 195.0 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned - 50 million rubles. – TDF

130 million rubles – FDF

The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has allocated NOK 9 million to complete the construction of a section of the road connecting Murmansk with the province of Finnmark. The loan is non-repayable, part of it will be used to purchase equipment. The construction is carried out by the Murmanskavtodor enterprise. The total cost of the project is estimated at 45 million crowns, so the region must pay its share of the project. The road currently in use is so dependent on weather conditions that traffic on it often has to be suspended due to snow drifts. In addition, the road is closed to foreign citizens three days a week, since military units are located in the area. Travel on the new section is possible in any weather. For foreign citizens, as well as for Russian citizens, it will be allowed all seven days a week. Government Murmansk region guarantees to open the section to general traffic in October 1998.

The reconstruction of the Kola road Murmansk - Petrozavodsk continues. A new border point “Salla” is being built. Money for construction was allocated by the EU.

Supply of bitumen for road construction in the Murmansk region.

The bitumen used in the construction and reconstruction of roads comes from Kirishinefteorgsintez.

Arhangelsk region.

Area – 587.4 thousand sq. km

Number of cities - 12

Total length of roads – 10,076 km

Road surface area – 87.8 million sq. m.

Road fund in 1997 - 213 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned - 137 million rubles. – TDF

The Arkhangelsk-Moscow federal road is being repaired by Arkhangelskavtodor. In 1997, of the planned 11.2 km, new pavement was laid on 3.6 km. Shenkursky DRSU is laying the canvas. Asphalt is supplied from Shenkursky asphalt concrete plant, in the summer of 1997, the plant was idle for a month due to a delay in the supply of bitumen from Yaroslavl.

On the Arkhangelsk-Moscow Highway, the Velsky DRSU is building a bypass around the village of Rovdino, Shenkursky district. On the same site, Arkhangelsk Bridge Team No. 9 is building a bridge across the Puya River. Traffic on the bridge and bypass section will open in 1999.

The Velsk Road Construction Department, with the participation of the Finnish company Savatie-Kalottikone, is constructing the Kodoma-Velsk-Shangala highway. The Finnish mobile installation MX-30 is used in construction, which produces oil gravel.

Work on local roads is progressing slowly. Work is underway on the newly constructed section of the road to Padenga Borisovskaya - Lodyginskaya. The road is being filled by Shenkursky HDSU. On the Rossokhinskaya road, the Velsk MEU began construction of a bridge across the Shidrovsky Stream. On the Bludkovskaya road from Shenkursk, soil and gravel are poured on a 5-km section of the road.

Supply of bitumen for road construction in the Arkhangelsk region.

Pskov region.

Area – 55.3 thousand sq km

Number of cities - 14

Total length of roads – 12,450 km

Road surface area – 74.7 million sq. m.

Road fund in 1997 - 125 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned - 55 million rubles. – TDF

130.5 million rubles – FDF

The St. Petersburg – Pskov – Riga highway runs through the territory of the Pskov region. This road is one of those planned for the development of the 9th international transport corridor. The road is being reconstructed and is planned to be tolled in the future.

Of the 130.5 million rubles allocated for the construction and reconstruction of roads from the FDF, 16.0 million rubles are targeted funding for bringing rural roads to standard condition that are subject to acceptance into the public road network.

Supply of bitumen for road construction in the Pskov region.

The bitumen used in the construction and reconstruction of roads comes from Kirishinefteorgsintez.

Tver region.

Area – 84.1 thousand sq. km

Number of cities - 22

Total length of roads – 16,153 km

Road surface area – 113.1 million sq. m.

Road fund in 1997 - 452.5 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned - 146.0 million rubles. – TDF

204.9 million rubles – FDF

The main road work in the Tver region is being carried out on the construction of a bypass around Vyshny Volochok on the St. Petersburg-Moscow highway. This route is included in the list of roads that are planned to be made toll. The construction of the road is carried out according to European standards, with the organization of rest areas every 10 km and gas stations every 40 km. The length of the section under construction is 46.3 km, the completion date is 2004.

Of the 204.9 million rubles allocated for the construction and reconstruction of roads from the FDF, 75.0 million rubles are targeted funding for bringing rural roads to standard condition that are subject to acceptance into the public road network.

Supply of bitumen for road construction in the Tver region.

The bitumen used in the construction and reconstruction of roads comes from Yaroslavnefteorgsintez.

Smolensk region.

Area – 49.8 thousand sq km

Number of cities - 14

Total length of roads – 10,643 km

Road surface area – 74.5 million sq. m.

Road fund in 1997 - 203.5 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned - 124 million rubles. – TDF

94.3 million rubles – FDF

The main road work is being carried out on the Moscow-Minsk highway, the reconstruction of which is carried out under the “Roads of Russia” program. The lane is being expanded to 10 m, and it is planned to build interchanges.

Of the 94.3 million rubles allocated for the construction and reconstruction of roads from the FDF, 50.0 million rubles are targeted funding for bringing rural roads to standard condition that are subject to acceptance into the public road network.

Supply of bitumen for road construction in the Smolensk region.

The bitumen used in the construction and reconstruction of roads comes from Yaroslavnefteorgsintez.

The volume of bitumen imports in the first half of 1998 amounted to 2.4 tons worth $5.8 thousand. Supplies came from Canada.

Export volume – 3.2 tons worth $5.8 thousand – to Ukraine.

Area – 172.4 thousand sq km

Number of cities - 12

Total length of roads – 13,593 km

Road surface area – 85.6 million sq. m.

Federal roads – 8500 km

Road fund in 1997 - 263 billion rubles,

in 1998 it is planned - 178 million rubles. – TDF

50 million rubles – FDF

Every year in Karelia, 1.7 thousand km of roads require repair; in fact, 200–220 km are repaired per year. There are about 700 road bridges in the republic, half of which are wooden.

In 1997, the construction of the Vyartsilya-Sortavala road was completed.

The issue of reconstructing the highway from Oulu (Finland) through Kostomuksha, Segezha, Medvezhyegorsk, Kargopol, Nyandoma, Krasnoborsk, Kotlas to Syktyvkar is being considered. The Government of Karelia announced the allocation of funds to complete the construction of a 13.5 km section of the Pudozh - Karpol road in 1999. This will make it possible to use the new trade route Finland – Karelia – Arkhangelsk Region – Komi Republic.

Together with representatives of Finland and Sweden, the Atlantic-Russia transport corridor project, the creation of a new border crossing in the Parikkala area and the construction of a highway to it, the opening of a ferry service between Petrozavodsk and Pudozh, and the construction of a bridge across the Northern Dvina are being considered. It is planned to build a commercial highway with a length of 264 km. Karelian and St. Petersburg entrepreneurs and companies AOZT Avtomagistral Onego, JSC Stroymekhanizatsiya, Kareltrans, Karelavtodor, Onegoneft, and the St. Petersburg company Viaduct showed interest in it. The new route claims to be an auto standard, every 10 km there are campsites, restaurants, recreation areas, and after 40 km there is a gas station. The payback period for the road is 13 years.

Of the 50 million rubles allocated for the construction and reconstruction of roads from the FDF, all 50.0 million rubles are targeted funding for bringing rural roads to standard condition that are subject to acceptance into the public road network.

Supply of bitumen for road construction in the Karelia region.

The bitumen used in the construction and reconstruction of roads comes from Kirishinefteorgsintez.

It's hard to imagine modern construction, both roads and buildings without the use of bitumen. Its widest application in these areas is determined by the unique properties of the material:

• heating leads to the fact that it becomes more viscous, almost any building materials are wetted by it;
• upon cooling, it thickens, gradually turning into a monolithic solid structure along with the fillers included in it;
• hydrophobic, which is transferred to fillers and contacting media after impregnation, this predetermines the use of bitumen for waterproofing.

Raw materials for the production of bitumen include materials containing highly viscous substances and asphaltene components. They are obtained from waste generated during oil refining. The fossil natural component of resins is extracted by physical impact on the bitumen-containing rock. Most often this is the treatment of rock with water steam. high temperature. The viscosity of the components decreases, and in this way they are washed out of the rock.

The described technology is classical, but at present, instead of natural extraction, the most common production technology is petroleum bitumen industrial enterprises from waste generated during crude oil refining.

Naphthenic and naphthenic-aromatic oils during vacuum distillation give the product tar, which is the basis for the production of bitumen. If special additives are added to its composition, a substance with high performance characteristics is obtained, used as bitumen. Refining paraffin oil produces a lot of useful waste, and the resulting tar is mixed with special components and sent to a reactor for oxidation.

During vacuum distillation of fuel oil and subsequent deasphalting of oil components of oil, tar by-products are obtained. Our country has huge reserves of oil with a high bitumen content, but the leading place in the production of bitumen is occupied by the oxidation method.

Taking into account the fact that Russia still lags behind the leading world powers in the length of high-quality roads, opening a bitumen production plant in Russia is a very profitable and in-demand enterprise at present.

Bitumen composition

The composition determines the further use of bitumen. It consists of 14% hydrogen and 70% carbon, the rest is impurities of oxygen, sulfur and other chemical elements. To put it simply, it is carbon with various additives. Its properties are influenced not so much by its elemental composition as by the types of hydrogen-carbon compounds determined by the bitumen production technology.

Let's name the types of these connections:

• an oil component that provides fluidity to the material;
• resinous inclusions that give the product elasticity;
• asphaltene compounds, due to which bitumen has viscosity.

The oil content in bitumen in relation to its total mass reaches 60%, which is the predominant share. The higher this proportional ratio, the greater the material’s penetrating ability with respect to other media. It contains significantly less resins, usually their amount does not exceed 30%. Resins are viscous, and their density is much higher than that of oils. Resins can be solid, viscous or semi-liquid; their viscosity is determined by temperature. The higher it is, the lower the viscosity of the resins and the bitumen itself. With sufficient heating in a bitumen production plant, easy-to-use liquid bitumen can be obtained.

Production equipment

Taking into account what is used as feedstock, different industrial equipment for the production of bitumen. These are various boilers and furnaces, and other devices. To make it convenient to transport the material from the manufacturer to the place of use, it is initially stored mainly in solid form. Storing bitumen does not pose any particular problems at average ambient temperatures. Only in hot weather does it soften greatly and this significantly complicates loading and transportation operations. Most often, bitumen is stored in briquettes. But to use it in road and industrial construction, it is necessary to heat the solid pieces to the temperature at which they acquire the required viscosity. Usually they are heated to a liquid state and then used in various technological operations.

Melting installations at road and construction enterprises not only bring raw materials into a liquid state, but also maintain them in such readiness for use for an indefinitely long time. These units are manufactured in mobile and stationary versions. The mobile unit is moved by car, while the stationary one always remains in one place. But the productivity of a stationary installation is higher, since it has larger bitumen containers and more powerful heating furnaces.

According to the heating method, all furnaces for the production of bitumen are divided into direct heating devices, indirect heaters with coolant circulation, and their combined versions. It is also necessary to distinguish between installations for heating road and construction bitumen according to the defining characteristics of its production. There are installations in which pipes with coolant are located throughout the entire volume of the container, while in other installations the heating pipes are located only in the receiving chamber. Those installations in which heaters are located around the entire perimeter are better. After all, in them the raw materials melt evenly throughout the entire volume and at the same time the entire contents of the container come into operational readiness.

Also, bitumen heating installations are divided according to the method of loading solid raw materials into them - these are devices with loading from above and from the side. Side loading is better because raw materials can be fed into the installation either manually or using a special conveyor or loader.

Types of bitumen for construction

In the construction industry, this material is used for the preparation of various mastics, for waterproofing foundation work and for constructing roofs. These are mainly substances obtained during oil refining. Construction bitumen has also found wide application in road construction.

Based on the indicated areas of application, a simple classification of this building material can be made:

• for use in the construction of buildings and structures;
• for roofing work;
• for road construction.

The domestic industry produces liquid, semi-solid and solid bitumen for the construction segment of the industry. Liquid is also divided into several classes according to the rate of thickening.

For waterproofing work, construction bitumen grades from BN 50/50 to BN 90/10 are used. This raw material is also widely used in the manufacture of roofing materials, such as waterproofing, luberite, isoplast, etc. In each of the listed materials, special additives are introduced into the raw material to increase strength, frost resistance and other important performance parameters polymer composition. All polymer bitumens, used in construction, are flammable, their spontaneous ignition temperature is 368 °C. With an open flame source, they ignite already at 230 °C.

For waterproofing the foundations of buildings and structures, special insulating bitumen is used. It is able to harden slowly and at the same time long time maintain their properties by tightly bonding to the surface of reinforced concrete products.

Road bitumen is used to impregnate the road surface layer and to pre-treat the soil before laying asphalt. In this specification, both liquid and viscous compositions are used. They are also flammable; the flash point of the material when exposed to an external open source ranges from 60 to 120 °C.

Bitumen for road construction

A polymer bitumen product is used in road construction; now in Russia, the production of road bitumen is increasing, but still, in terms of the volume of material produced, it lags far behind world indicators.

Such installations are characterized by high energy consumption, their electric power reaches 200 kW or more. Due to high energy costs, many asphalt concrete production plants cannot organize the modification of bitumen with binder polymer compounds.

Bitumen can easily be classified as a product with seasonal demand; this is primarily determined by the seasonality of road work in our country. The price of bitumen per ton rises sharply in the summer and falls in the winter. Due to the fact that this material is produced from oil, the instability of oil prices on the world market has a significant impact on the cost of bitumen.

Also, the price of bitumen strongly depends on the distance of the consumer from the production complexes; this is associated with considerable costs for transporting the material both in liquid form in containers and in solid form, when solid bitumen is transported in bags.

Bitumen trading

Currently, trade in bitumen in Russia is steadily increasing its pace. Selling companies mainly organize the sale of bitumen wholesale, but do not refuse retail this material has wide and stable demand.

Let us consider the prices for bitumen raw materials established at domestic market currently:

Analyzing the table above, we can conclude that the cost of bitumen is currently quite high. All existing old reserves and bitumen waste generated during production and transportation are used. This enables producers oil companies receive an estimated profit, but hinders the development of road construction in the country.

Efficiency of oil and gas production in fields Western Siberia decreases annually by 4-5 percent, according to the Ministry of Energy. Will help increase productivity and optimize the drilling process digital technologies. “Disruptive innovations,” that is, those that make traditional solutions uncompetitive, should become the basis for the digital transformation of the oil and gas industry, according to Ernst&Young. So far, according to company estimates, only 10 percent are focused on them key projects in the Russian oil industry.

Some companies have been introducing new technologies for several years. In 2008, “smart fields” were launched by Salym Petroleum Development N.V., and two sites in the West Salym field were selected as pilot sites. The project is aimed at optimizing oil production and increasing oil recovery from wells, reducing operating costs. Thanks to the introduction of new technologies, production increased by an average of 2-2.5 percent per year, and unscheduled downtime was reduced. On average, the number of wells served by one production operator has also increased by 15-20 units.

In 2016, the Tatneft company created a center for geological and technical activities, where solutions that increase oil recovery are modeled. The company also operates a modeling center created for the optimal design of exploration and development of geological objects, and an objective assessment of the reserves accumulated in them. All production drilling wells in 2017-2018 are equipped with models that calculate predictive performance indicators.

Almost all mining companies are now moving towards the development and implementation of smart field technology, especially in the oil and gas sector, said Mikhail Cherkasov, director of key customers in the oil and gas sector at Schneider Electric in Russia and the CIS. Also, according to him, energy efficiency technologies are widely used. "IN last years companies are considering the possibility of using renewable energy sources and their wider application in the mining industry using the smart field concept,” the expert noted.

There is more and more talk about the implementation of industrial Internet of things technologies. During the drilling process, for example, they make it possible to collect information about the operation of equipment from sensors built into the drill, build models of further actions, and propose solutions for various emergency situations, said the deputy general director KROK company Alexander Lopukhov. You can also schedule automatically Maintenance equipment and optimize costs, relying on data on its operating time, and not on the recommended timing of routine maintenance. "The Internet of Things is suitable for monitoring the environmental situation - monitoring emissions and discharges of pollutants (oil, household waste, drilling fluid) into the environment, established limits and standards, as well as for collecting information about the state of environment in the area of ​​geological exploration drilling," Lopukhov added.

The implementation of the Internet of Things is closely related to the use of big data. Mining companies are already working with big data processing systems, however, according to Mikhail Cherkasov, this technology is not sufficiently developed in Russia. "We are building data processing centers for the needs of companies, but for now we are talking about effective use big data and the Internet of things are largely a Western topic. In Russia they are thinking about this, but no global trends are visible yet,” the expert believes. Alexander Lopukhov also agreed that big data is not being implemented at a wide industrial level. According to him, it is too early to talk about any new business processes that this technology can generate.However, we can already say for sure that thanks to big data, all traditional methods for the exploration and extraction of minerals are now being implemented many times faster, and their results are more reliable.

Almost all mining companies are moving towards the implementation of smart field technology

Extractive industries have always had a lot of data, and digitalization brings this data online. IT companies expect an increase in requests for the creation and optimization of data warehouses, express and online analytics. Digitalization also entails new requirements for the transmission of received information. Many mining companies need to use satellite communications, which limits the capabilities of online processes. As Alexander Lopukhov said, in 2016 CROC optimized network traffic and increased its speed in expensive satellite communication channels by 2.3 times. The cost of a megabit has decreased, and the transfer of large amounts of data from a floating drilling platform to an onshore data processing center of an oil producing company began to occur without delays or technological complications.

The introduction of technology also changes the requirements for personnel of mining enterprises. The higher the level of robotization, the fewer people are needed. However, there is a growing demand for employees who can program robots and create the necessary algorithms for them. For example, previously, measurement work at fields was carried out by different specialists, sometimes risking their lives. Now, fiber optic monitoring technology makes it possible to monitor geographically extensive objects in real time using a special cable, said Alexander Lopukhov. This protects the facility from unauthorized intrusion, increasing the safety and efficiency of its operation. “This technology is domestic, and, among other things, it also saves wages,” the expert concluded.

Source: popmech

Neural networks, digital twins, artificial intelligence. Industry 4.0 technologies will change the oil industry beyond recognition

Architects of the Digital Age

Usually the most technologically advanced spheres are considered to be information technologies and biomedicine. The attitude towards companies in traditional industries, such as metal rolling or oil production and refining, is completely different. At first glance, they seem conservative, but many experts call them the main architects of the new digital era.

Industrial giants began automating production processes back in the mid-30s of the last century. Over the course of many decades, hardware and software systems have continuously improved and become more complex. Automation production processes- for example, in oil refining - has moved far forward. The operation of a modern oil refinery is monitored by hundreds of thousands of sensors and instruments, and fuel supplies are monitored in real time by satellite navigation systems. Every day, the average Russian refinery produces more than 50,000 terabytes of information. For comparison, the 3 million books stored in the digital storage of the Russian State Library occupy hundreds of times less - “only” 162 terabytes.

This is the same “big data”, or Big Data, a flow comparable to the information loading of the largest websites and social networks. The accumulated array of data represents a unique resource that can be used in business management. But traditional methods of information analysis are no longer suitable for this. Working truly effectively with such a volume of data is only possible with the help of Industry 4.0 technologies. In the conditions of a changing economic paradigm, rich production “historical experience” is a serious advantage. Big data is at the core artificial intelligence. Its ability to learn, understand reality and predict processes directly depends on the amount of loaded knowledge. At the same time, industrial companies have a powerful engineering school and are actively involved in introducing and improving new technologies. This is another circumstance that makes them key players in the “new economy”.

Finally, domestic industrialists know the price of business efficiency. Russia is a country of long distances. Often, production assets are located at a great distance from consumers. Under these conditions, it is very difficult to quickly respond to market fluctuations. Traditional technologies allow you to save no more than a tenth of a percent. Meanwhile, digital solutions today make it possible to reduce costs by up to 10-15% per month. The fact is obvious: in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, the one who learns to most effectively apply new technologies in the context of accumulated experience will be competitive. Petr Kaznacheev, Director of the Center for Resource Economy, RANEPA: “As a first step towards an “integrated” artificial intelligence system in oil and gas, one could consider “smart” management and corporate planning. In this case, we could talk about creating an algorithm for digitizing the entire key information about the company's activities - from the field to the gas station. This information could be sent to a single automated center. Based on this information, using artificial intelligence methods, forecasts and recommendations could be made to optimize the company’s work.”

Leader of digital transformation

Realizing this trend, industrial leaders in Russia and the world are restructuring business processes that have developed over decades, introducing Industry 4.0 technologies into production based on the industrial Internet of things, artificial intelligence and Big Data. The most intensive transformation is taking place in the oil and gas industry: the industry is dynamically “digitalizing”, investing in projects that seemed fantastic just yesterday. Factories controlled by artificial intelligence and capable of predicting situations, installations that tell the operator the optimal operating mode - all this is already becoming a reality today.

At the same time, the maximum task is to create a management system for production, logistics, production and sales that would unite “smart” wells, factories and gas stations into a single ecosystem. ideal digital model, at the moment when the consumer presses the lever of the gas nozzle, the company's analysts operations center they instantly receive information about what brand of gasoline is being filled into the tank, how much oil needs to be extracted, delivered to the plant and processed to satisfy demand in a particular region. So far, none of the Russian and foreign companies have been able to build such a model. However, Gazprom Neft has advanced the furthest in solving this problem. Its specialists are currently implementing a number of projects, which should ultimately become the basis for creating a unified platform for managing processing, logistics and sales. A platform that no one else in the world has yet.

Digital twins

Today, Gazprom Neft refineries are among the most modern in the industry. However, the fourth industrial revolution opens up qualitatively new opportunities, while simultaneously placing new demands on automation. More precisely, we're talking about not so much about automation, but about the almost complete digitization of production.

The basis of the new stage will be the so-called “digital twins” - virtual copies refinery installations. 3D models reliably describe all processes and relationships occurring in real prototypes. they are based on the work of artificial intelligence based on neural networks. A "digital twin" can offer optimal modes operation of equipment, predict its failures, recommend repair times. Among its other advantages is the ability to constantly learn. The neural network itself finds errors, corrects and remembers them, thereby improving its performance and forecast accuracy.

The basis for training the “digital twin” is an array of historical information. Modern oil refining plants are as complex as the human body. Hundreds of thousands of parts, tens of thousands of sensors. Technical documentation Each installation occupies a room the size of an assembly hall. To create a “digital twin”, all this information must first be loaded into a neural network. Then the most difficult stage begins - the stage of training artificial intelligence to understand the installation. it includes readings from sensors and instrumentation collected over the last few years of plant operation. Operator simulates various situations, forces the neural network to answer the question “what will happen if you change one of the operating parameters?” - for example, replacing one of the raw material components or increasing the energy supply of the installation. The neural network analyzes the experience of past years and, using a calculation method, excludes non-optimal modes from the algorithm, and learns to predict future job installations.

Gazprom Neft has already completely “digitized” two industrial complex, involved in the production of automobile fuel - a hydrotreating installation for catalytic cracking gasoline at the Moscow Oil Refinery and an installation operating at the company's oil refinery in Omsk. Tests have shown that artificial intelligence is capable of simultaneously taking into account a huge number of parameters of their “digital twins”, making decisions and notifying about possible deviations in work even before the moment when the trouble threatens to develop into serious problem.

At the same time, Gazprom Neft is testing comprehensive solutions, which will minimize the impact of the human factor on the scale of the entire production. Similar projects are currently being implemented at the company’s bitumen plants in Ryazan and Kazakhstan. Successful solutions found experimentally can subsequently be scaled up to the level of large refineries, which will ultimately create an effective digital production management platform.

Nikolay Legkodimov, Head of the Consulting Group promising technologies KPMG in Russia and the CIS:“Solutions that model various components, assemblies and systems have been known and used for quite a long time, including in the oil and gas industry. We can talk about a qualitative leap only when a sufficient breadth of coverage of these models has been achieved. If we can combine these models with each other, combining them into a whole complex chain, then this will indeed make it possible to solve problems at a completely new level - in particular, to model the behavior of the system in critical, unprofitable and simply hazardous conditions work. For those areas where re-equipment and modernization of equipment are very expensive, this will allow preliminary testing of new components."

Performance Management

In the future, the entire value added chain in the logistics, refining and sales block of Gazprom Neft will be united into one technology platform based on artificial intelligence. The “brain” of this organism will be the Performance Management Center, created a year ago in St. Petersburg. This is where information from “digital twins” will flow, here it will be analyzed and here, based on the data received, decisions will be made. management decisions.

Already today, in real time, more than 250 thousand sensors and dozens of systems transmit information to the Center from all the company’s assets included in the perimeter of the Gazprom Neft logistics, refining and sales block. Every second 180 thousand signals arrive here. It would take a person about a week just to view this information. The digital brain of the Center does this instantly: in real time it monitors the quality of products and the quantity of petroleum products along the entire chain - from the exit from the refinery to the end consumer.

The strategic goal of the Center is to radically increase the efficiency of the downstream segment, using the technologies and capabilities of Industry 4.0. That is, it’s not just about managing processes - this can be done within the framework of traditional systems, but making these processes more efficient: through predictive analytics and artificial intelligence at every stage of business, reducing losses, optimizing processes and preventing losses.

In the near future, the Center must learn to solve several key problems that affect the efficiency of business management. including forecasting the future 60 days in advance: how the market will behave in two months, how much oil will need to be processed to satisfy the demand for gasoline at the current moment in time, what condition the equipment will be in, whether the installations will be able to cope with the upcoming load and whether they need repair. At the same time, in the next two years, the Center must reach 50% capacity and begin to monitor, analyze and forecast the amount of petroleum product reserves at all oil depots and fueling complexes of the company; V automatic mode monitor more than 90% of production parameters; analyze reliability more than 40% technological equipment and develop measures to prevent losses of petroleum products and a decrease in their quality.

By 2020, Gazprom Neft sets a goal to reach 100% of the capabilities of the Performance Management Center. Among the stated indicators are analysis of the reliability of all equipment, prevention of losses in the quality and quantity of products, and predictive management of technological deviations.

Daria Kozlova, senior consultant at VYGON Consulting:"In general, integrated solutions bring significant economic effect for the industry. For example, according to Accenture estimates, the economic effect of digitalization could amount to more than $1 trillion. Therefore, when we are talking about large vertically integrated companies, the implementation of integrated solutions is very justified. But it is also justified for small companies, since increasing efficiency can free up additional funds for them by reducing costs, increase the efficiency of working capital management, etc.”

Digitalization (in in a broad sense) - the process of introducing digital transmission systems (DTS) at the level of primary networks, switching and control facilities that ensure the transmission and distribution of information flows in digital form at the level of secondary networks.

From time to time we all have the need to create a small database with convenient and understandable logic and interface, but there is absolutely no desire to tinker with Access or other similar programs...