home Sample documents How to be a good cashier. How to be a good cashier Without cash registers and queues

How to be a good cashier. How to be a good cashier Without cash registers and queues

In 2016, I decided to transform my first project of classic cafes healthy eating Healthy Food, opened in 2009. To get a fresh look at what's already existing business, decided to take a training course at Skolkovo. As a result, the idea of a new format of cafes in offices was born - “healthy food stations” operating without salespeople, cashiers and remote control systems.

After one of my business school lectures, I was thinking about the concept of trust: how many people do I trust? Surprisingly, I couldn’t count more than five names. The next night I woke up at 4:30 am with a clear vision of my future project based on trust. Cafes should have no cashier, like in pictures from the future. The project will operate on full automation. An hour later, I drew a business model by hand and sent a message to the team: “We are starting new project. It will be space!” The project was named Healthy Food Space.

We developed a plan for what such a healthy food station should look like: food is on open shelves, next to it is a scanner for reading the product barcode and a payment terminal, and there is also a microwave oven to heat up lunch. Whether or not to pay for a dish from the refrigerator is entirely up to the buyer. One of the main problems was to understand how to make the business profitable, while the trust of customers does not lose its value?

We heard a lot of skepticism about the project: “You’ll go broke before it even starts!” or “No one will pay when you don’t have to pay!” But we continued to work.

Start price

The idea of trust stations partly overlapped with the idea of the American giant Amazon, which was preparing new format a store where, to make a purchase, you had to register online and scan a code from the app before entering the real one. An invoice for purchased goods was sent to the online store account. Amazon Go shelves have cameras and sensors that identify the buyer and keep a record of the selected items. But we decided that the mechanics of Healthy Food Space would be simple, without online registrations and video cameras.

During the first market monitoring, it turned out that the cost of purchasing the necessary equipment for one healthy food station - refrigerated display cases and special software - $10,000 was required! We didn't have such funds. We continued to study the experience of companies in Russia to find a suitable solution. For example, ABC of Taste used a similar algorithm in working with clients. When we found an equipment supplier, the prices turned out to be “astronomical” for us. Then we decided to assemble the devices ourselves. They calculated that 2 million rubles were needed to launch the first station. It was impossible to find an investor, so friends came to the rescue.

Six months passed from the idea to the launch of the first healthy food station. In the summer of 2017, we were ready to install a pilot healthy nutrition station in the Moscow office of system integrator Positive Technologies. It seemed that we could celebrate a successful start, but the difficulties were just beginning.

The first installation did not go according to plan. After we connected the new display refrigerators to the power source, the entire office of the system integrator came running to them. The display cases were so noisy that they disturbed employees. Our flaw was that we did not take this factor into account and did not check it in advance. It seemed like a complete failure! Then one of the project managers suggested installing a regular household refrigerator. I was against such a parody of vending, but gave in because we needed to launch faster.

The second problem we encountered was the cost of software for operating the stations. Regular payments were required to maintain the software and license its use. Without IT competencies, I could not scale the business. A chance meeting in a fruit shop with the founder of the InPlat payment system and also a graduate of the Skolkovo school, Anton Mordvintsev, decided the fate of the project. Literally 15 minutes of our communication was enough to understand: we will work! Anton received a 30% share, and we invested about 30 million rubles in further development. Thanks to the developed software and the use of various metrics, we see which hours are peak for purchases of certain dishes, and we know the trust index of each station.

Basis for trust

We purchase raw materials for dishes from Russian suppliers through tenders, and in addition, we try to visit suppliers’ farms. The menu of healthy food stations includes breakfasts and full lunches. The range includes: cottage cheese desserts (made from organic cottage cheese), salads, soups, fresh vegetables and much more. In addition, thanks to the first project, which has been developing for several years now, we opened own production in Moscow. Quality control of the entire process is carried out by the chief technologist and chef, in addition, a veterinarian works on the project.

Today, the average cost of a healthy lunch in different Moscow cafes ranges from 300 to 500 rubles. To compete, we must work at fast food prices. The price of meals at the “trust stations” ranges from 70 to 180 rubles; you can have a full lunch for 190 rubles.

One of the performance metrics of Healthy Food Space is the trust index - this indicator determines how many customers pay for meals. There were cases when we had to close stations in some companies because most employees did not pay for lunch.

Our clients include CROC, Skolkovo, MTS Bank, Rusnano, Hewlett Packard, SAP and others. One healthy food station can be assembled in a couple of hours. Today we can open at least five stations a day. Our team of 12 people is the “head” of the business, and logistics is outsourced. During the year of our project’s existence, more than 10,000 people have already become our guests.

Cash registers work simultaneously in several directions: automation of payment acceptance, cash processing and collection. Such devices help to significantly reduce costs for workers and service cash register equipment, collection, avoid problems with receiving counterfeit bills and stealing money. Therefore, investments made in automatic cash registers quickly pay off.

Automated equipment completely replaces cashiers. With its help, you can create additional customer service points without involving labor resources. Cash registers allow you to make payments around the clock at the following establishments:

Such machines stimulate quick sales of related products and additional services. Automation of sales in a retail establishment using an automatic cash register significantly improves the image of the store, attracts a huge number of consumers, significantly increases the turnover of goods, speed and quality of services, without involving employees.

Moreover, most consumers prefer a cash register to communication with service personnel. Thus, the client independently studies the product or service, gets acquainted with the characteristics and makes a payment decision. The process is identical to replenishing a mobile device in

2017

2018

A store without cash registers or salespeople

In 2017, the first store without cash registers, built on computer vision, sensors and machine learning technologies, will open to customers.

Personalization of shopping

With the development of technology, the physical stores we are accustomed to are faced with the fact that collecting a lot of goods in one place and providing them with a choice is no longer as valuable to the buyer as it was 30 or 40 years ago.

Stores are now looking for ways to provide more value to the customer, such as allowing them to have a new “digital” experience. Thus, since 2015, visitors to the brand’s flagship stores sportswear The North Face in the USA can use a helmet virtual reality take a walk through Yosemite National Park in California. By teaming up with virtual reality company Jaunt, the manufacturer places the consumer in an environment that encourages them to buy a new jacket or sneakers. A mobile app Visual Artist, which was released by the Sephora cosmetics chain and the Canadian company ModiFace (engaged in computer facial recognition), allows customers to “try on” shades of lipstick virtually and instantly see the result on their smartphone screen.

Familiar offline stores will become more and more “personal” for customers. Many retailers, such as Macy's department stores in the US, already use technology that interacts with a customer's smartphone, offering them personalized discounts or special offers when they enter the store. In the coming years, even plastic mannequins will begin to communicate with customers: the British startup Iconeme has already begun adding VMBeacon chips to them, which will allow you to instantly see on your smartphone the prices and characteristics of the clothes the mannequin is wearing.

Another direction of personalization is expanding the range of sizes and increasing the individualization of clothing and shoes. For example, the American startup Stantt scanned the bodies of two thousand men in 3D and, on this basis, developed 75 different sizes of men's shirts. According to the founders, with this technology, 95% of men will be able to choose a perfectly fitting shirt without having to overpay for custom tailoring. Using 3D foot scanning, shoe sellers will be able to arrange virtual fittings for customers, which will be quite comparable in effectiveness to real ones. More than one startup is developing scanners and programs for this, including the Russian-Irish TryFit.

Fitting rooms are also becoming “smart”: clothing brand Rebecca Minkoff, in partnership with eBay, for example, is already equipping booths with sensors that allow them to track what customers bring into the fitting room and what they end up buying from it. Through touchscreens in such fitting rooms, customers can order a different color or size of the model they like in one click, without the need to contact a sales consultant.

True, it is unknown whether the usual fitting rooms will remain meaningful; they may be completely replaced by virtual analogues. Thus, the VRetail project from marketing agency SapientNitro and the Sixense virtual reality platform places the user in a virtual fitting room, where his three-dimensional avatar can not only try on clothes or shoes no less effectively than in life, but also discuss a possible purchase with family and friends.

No cash registers or queues

The main thing that customers have to prepare for is that stores will know everyone by sight. Thanks to computer vision technologies, customers can be identified right at the entrance to the store, and payments for purchases can be debited from their card. The first large store built on this principle is Amazon Go; it opened for testing by company employees at the end of 2016, and should welcome its first customers in 2017.

According to Amazon, machine learning and computer vision technologies, as well as many sensors, were used to create the store. When entering the store, the client places a smartphone with a mobile application on the turnstile, and the system itself recognizes further actions. You took an item from the shelf - it appeared in your virtual cart, changed your mind and returned it to the shelf - everything disappeared. The store identifies the user either by face or by movement mobile phone in room. When you leave the store, the application will debit money for purchased products from the card linked to your Amazon account.

Retailers have been using RFID tags for many years, allowing them to not only sell without cash registers, but also to manage inventory in stores and report to suppliers in real time how sales are going. Perhaps the most famous case of introducing RFID tags in Russian retail is the mandatory labeling of fur coats, introduced in 2016. NFC tags now allow retailers to show customers detailed product information on their mobile devices(such, for example, is used by the French food chain Casino), and “smart shelves” and video analytics systems measure the reactions and emotions of customers and offer products based on this data.

In grocery stores, the segment that shoppers encounter most often, offline will also increasingly merge with online. The same Amazon is working on a new concept grocery store, where users could order food online, select a convenient 15-minute time slot to pick it up, and then pick up shopping bags at their chosen parking location without leaving the car or walking to the nearest pickup window, where at the same time, you will be able to chat a little with the seller - this, as the retailer suggests, can also be an advantage, because people have fewer and fewer opportunities for non-virtual communication.

At American Starbucks you can already order and pay for coffee in advance through the app. Then, when you come to the coffee shop, you will only need to pick up the finished drink. The line between offline and online communication with consumers is becoming less and less noticeable: now the buyer can select products in an application on the screen of a tablet located in the store. All this forces retailers not only to make mobile applications and websites themselves more functional and convenient, but also to change the structure of physical stores: many industry experts believe that in the future stores will take up less and less space: they will no longer need, perhaps, bulky ones trading floors, no shop window, no warehouse areas, because retailers and their suppliers will be getting better at predicting purchases every year.

Another area of change is that home delivery services for groceries will be faster and cheaper. Thus, in November 2016, Amazon reduced the price of a subscription to the Fresh service to $15, green trucks with its symbols deliver fresh products to a customer’s home upon order. And the $2 billion startup InstaCart, which delivers products selected by the user through a mobile application, sold its stake to the American food giant WholeFoods in September 2016.

Logistics

Over time, e-commerce will simply become the main type of retail, says Chinese tycoon and founder of Alibaba Group Jack Ma. “We anticipate a completely reimagined retail industry, enabled by the integration of online, offline, logistics and data into one value chain,” Ma wrote in a letter to Alibaba shareholders in October 2016.

72 hoursDURING THIS TIME IN 10 YEARS YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DELIVERY ANY GOODS FROM ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD

Changes in logistics, which become possible with the development of technology, will play a key role in this process. Thanks largely to efficient logistics, China has become a global commercial hub, with e-commerce volumes expected to reach $1.1 trillion by 2020. As Ma said at the St. Petersburg Economic Forum in 2016, within 10 years, any product from anywhere in the world can be delivered to you within 72 hours. This will become a reality with the advent of new, faster vehicles, with the possibility of delivering packages using drones or using flying and moving robots in warehouses, saving time and resources. And warehouses may disappear, in any case, this is exactly the task Jack Ma sets himself in order to shorten the chain of delivery of goods from manufacturer to consumer. This should reduce the time between ordering a product and receiving it and make online shopping almost as fast as traditional shopping.

In many ways, this process will be accelerated by the emergence of driverless trucks, which could displace 1.7 million American truckers from the market in the next ten years. In October 2016, a self-driving truck made its first automatic delivery: it delivered 50 thousand cans of beer, driving 190 km across the state of Colorado. The driver was behind the wheel all this time for safety reasons, but switched to autopilot mode as soon as he got onto the highway. This type of delivery will become commercial in the next few years, but transportation of goods by drones is still stalled, and at the same time due to technological problems and legislative obstacles. On the one hand, flying drones suffer from short battery life and do not yet have enough power to lift heavy loads and keep them in the air for long periods of time. On the other hand, regulators do not yet allow the autonomous use of drones in the absence legal framework and approved safety standards.

50 thousandA CAN OF BEER WAS TRANSPORTED IN OCTOBER 2016 BY AN OTTO SELF-DRIVING VOLVO TRUCK. THIS WAS THE FIRST TRANSPORTATION OF COMMERCIAL CARGO WITHOUT A DRIVER IN HISTORY

Meanwhile, the Daimler automaker is trying to combine two technologies: in September 2016, Mercedez-Benz Vans invested in the drone development startup Matternet, with which it developed an electric truck of the future, on its roof there is a platform for autonomous drones capable of delivering packages weighing up to 2 kg for a distance of up to 19 km on the same battery charge.

The transition to drones and the introduction of other technologies will take some time, but it is already clear that in the end the entire shopping process will change beyond recognition: on the one hand, it will practically disappear as an independent activity, on the other, it will become so simplified that we will constantly make purchases, practically without being distracted from other activities. For example, a dress you like or a piece of furniture seen in a movie or in a picture on Pinterest can be purchased in one click, even without going to the manufacturer’s website. Online transactions will become fully automatic and will not require entering a card number, thereby making the shopping process more and more transparent and easy for the client. This may increase the risks of hacking a user’s account and so-called identity theft, but automation will come to the rescue here: the computer, in particular, will make a decision based on a range of data about the buyer, including using fingerprints and facial recognition. Retailers will be able to outsource issues of dishonest purchases and chargebacks to technology companies, while they themselves will focus on increasing sales and improving customer interaction.

Operations across the ocean, resuscitation via video link and cardiogram from underwear

Since September 2016, patients in the emergency department at a clinic on the island of Unalaska (Alaska) have been receiving consultations from doctors at an Anchorage hospital located 1,300 km from the island. One of the busiest commercial fishing ports in the United States, Unalaska has a population of 4,600 but triples to 16,000 during fishing season. Until recently, fishermen could not see doctors in difficult cases, but now this is possible thanks to satellite technology.

SimpliECG underwear allows you to monitor your heart function through a system of nanosensors. The developer of SimpliECG, Nanowear, received FDA approval in the United States last year (Food and Drug Administration). food products and US medicines). Vital-Radio sensors, which were introduced in 2015 by a group of scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, are built into the walls of smart homes and allow you to track breathing and heartbeat, even for several people at the same time. The condition of patients with Parkinson's disease may soon be able to be monitored through a special app - something Apple and the FDA are working on, according to MobiHealthNews.

A Participants in the Tricoder XPRIZE Competition, launched several years ago by chip manufacturer Qualcomm, are trying to create a real-life tricorder from the Star Trek series - a portable device for diagnosing any disease. Participants must design a real-life version of the device that weighs less than 5 pounds, monitors 5 parameters (such as heart rate and blood pressure), and can diagnose a set of 13 diseases. The winner will receive $6 million. By mid-December 2016, out of 40 projects that started the competition, two remained: from the developers Dynamical Biomarkers Group and Final Frontier Medical Devices. The first, for example, already makes it possible to diagnose melanoma from photographs of skin lesions with 90% accuracy. The winner will be announced in the second quarter of 2017, and commercialization of the product should begin by 2025.

And Samsung last year already filed a patent application for technology for scanning signals from human body systems using lasers. When pointed at a certain area of the body, a gadget with a laser sensor can determine heart rate, blood pressure, pulse, skin condition and other parameters.

Almost all devices, software and services that allow you to monitor your health and receive treatment: from pedometers built into a smartphone, fitness bracelets, wearable cardiographs and glucometers with the function of transmitting and analyzing data in real time, to systems that allow you to remotely carry out complex operations and monitor the condition of patients in intensive care units - refer to the concept of “telemedicine”. The same market owns services that allow you to automatically analyze research results and store medical information. According to IHS Technology, 7 million people around the world will use telemedicine services in 2018, up from 350,000 in 2013. The American Telemedicine Association predicted 1.25 million medical consultations conducted online in 2016 for the United States alone.

year 2001SURGEON JACQUES MARESCO, WHILE IN NEW YORK, PERFORMED THE FIRST TRANSATLANTIC OPERATION ON A 68-YEAR-OLD PATIENT IN FRENCH STRASBOURG

His colleague Meran Anvari operates on people 400 km away using a console at St. Joseph's Hospital (Hamilton, Canada) and a Zeus surgical robot (later replaced on the market by the Da Vinci surgical system). What initially pushed telesurgery forward was not the concern for caring for patients remotely. populated areas, and the space industry: NASA back in the 1970s invited scientists to work on robots for operations on astronauts, and in 2006, Anvari, to test how this technology could work in space, stitched up a cut on a man who was at the Acquarius underwater base. By 2025, the US Department of Defense expects to create a Trauma Pod installation, which will allow soldiers to be operated on remotely in hot spots.

ICU patients at 38 small hospitals in North Carolina and Oklahoma are under continuous monitoring by doctors from Mercy Health System's Virtual Care Center in St. Louis: cameras help monitor their condition high resolution and monitor systems. Behind last year such patients spent an average of 35% less time in the hospital, and 30% fewer deaths were recorded than predicted: 1,000 people who, according to statistical forecasts, should have died, returned home safely, The Wall Street Journal cited figures. By the end of 2016, approximately 1,500 hospitals worldwide were using robots with screens that display the face of the attending physician: the doctor can remotely control the robot and quickly gain access to the patient. The founder of InTouch, the manufacturer of these robots, Yulong Wang is confident that by 2030, all procedures that can technically be transferred online will be done this way.

In 2015, 29 states in the United States already required insurers to pay for telemedicine services. A video consultation costs $40-50 - about half the price of a real trip to the doctor, so the insurance company’s agreement to cover a large part of this amount means the availability of services for a much larger number of patients, including in areas remote from clinics. The main users of these services turned out to be working mothers: they constantly have questions about the health of their children, but there is no opportunity to take a day off every time to get to an appointment at the clinic, Adam Jackson, CEO of the Doctor on Demand service, explained to Wired magazine.

85% REGIONAL RESIDENTS RECEIVE CONSULTATIONS FROM THE RUSSIAN COMPANY “MOBILE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES” (ONLINE DOCTOR AND PEDIATRIC 24/7 SERVICES)

In Russia, the telemedicine market may not always be driven by the availability of high-quality medical care, especially in the regions, says Ruslan Zaydullin, CEO of the Russian telemedicine startup DOC+. He gives the example Russian company“Mobile Medical Technologies” (develops the “Online Doctor” and “Pediatrician 24/7” services): 85% of its consultations are received by residents of the regions. “It is [such patients], it seems to us, that can accelerate the development of telemedicine in Russia, wanting to gain access to “doctors from Moscow,” says the CEO of DOC+.

In addition to patients who want to receive medical care better and simpler, clinics themselves are interested in the development of telemedicine (to reduce costs), and, therefore, ultimately, state budgets and insurers. Over 25 years, remote monitoring technologies alone could save the global healthcare system up to $200 billion, CDW Healthcare analysts calculated in 2014.

Two obvious drivers for the development of telemedicine are an aging population and improving and cheaper access to the Internet.. The inhabitants of the Earth, and first of all developed countries, are getting older: according to the UN, in 2015, 1 in 8 people (0.9 billion people) were over 60 years old, and by 2030 there will be 1.4 billion. Internet in 2015, according to the International Telecommunication Union ( ITU), were used by 3.2 billion people (43% of the world’s population), and by 2030 this figure will grow to 53% (forecast by Euromonitor International), while the UN declares universal access to the Internet by 2030 as one of the sustainable development goals . Another factor in market growth is the spread of “complex” diseases that threaten long-term consequences: cardiological, neurological, oncological - and, accordingly, the growing demand for remote health monitoring systems. As a result, the global telemedicine market will reach $9.35 billion by 2021 versus $2.78 billion in 2016 (+27.5% annually), Markets&Markets analysts estimate. The main growth driver will be the Asia-Pacific region, although North America will continue to account for the bulk of the market share.

$9.35 billionTHE GLOBAL TELEMEDICINE MARKET WILL REACH BY 2021 AGAINST $2.78 BILLION IN 2016 (+27.5% ANNUALLY), MARKETS&MARKETS ANALYSTS ESTIMATE

Currently, telesurgery capabilities are limited by communication resources: signal delays or communication failures can be fatal. A cheaper alternative to dedicated fiber optic lines is public networks, but transmitting a signal through them comes with security risks: a team of experts from the University of Washington demonstrated this in 2015 by hacking into a surgical robot connected via an unsecured connection.

The problem for telemedicine as a whole is that it is not ready for these technologies. the legislative framework, as well as unresolved issues of security and confidentiality of medical information. According to Safetica, a company that specializes in data protection, approximately 112 million records are leaked in the United States per year. medical organizations, up to four major leaks of 500 or more records can occur per week. At the same time, 70% of leaks are associated with the loss or theft of devices or media whose data is not encrypted (for other sectors this share is 19%).

The development of telemedicine and remote diagnostics is hampered, on the one hand, by different legislative frameworks, sector regulation and reimbursement systems for healthcare services. In Russia, the law on telemedicine may be adopted before the end of the spring session of the State Duma in 2017, reported Adviser to the Russian President on Internet issues German Klimenko. Amendments to the law “On the fundamentals of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation,” legalizing telemedicine, were discussed in 2016, but their submission to the State Duma was postponed.

On the other hand, critics fear that telemedicine services may come down to replacing the quality of services with their convenience: through the site, the patient, firstly, turns to a “random” doctor, and secondly, the doctor cannot remotely “listen” to the patient or, say, feel his lymph nodes or pulse.

But if the legal, technological and infrastructural problems can be solved, there remains the human factor. “Most doctors who work in hospitals and clinics around the world are now in their 40s and 50s and have spent most of their professional lives using traditional treatments. “Training this adult generation of doctors and convincing them to use telemedicine is a huge task, which, according to many industry experts, may never be solved,” analysts from the Indian company Mordor Intelligence wrote in January 2017. In this case, the entire development of the market may be possible only after a change in generations of doctors.

Life online

In 2018, 2.44 billion people, or every third inhabitant of the Earth, will use social networks (forecast of the World Economic Forum)

"Smart Cities"

2025 - there will be at least 88 smart cities in the world

Residents of the South Korean city of Songdo, an hour's drive from Seoul, are already living in the future. Each of them has a smart card with which you can pay for public transport and parking, go to the cinema or rent a bicycle. They almost never get stuck in traffic jams: all cars are equipped with special radio markers that allow you to quickly identify a cluster of cars, and a network of sensors under the road surface determines the density of traffic flow and adjusts traffic light signals. Pneumatic garbage chutes in Songdo residential buildings automatically suck out trash from apartments and sort household waste, some of which will be recycled and used to generate renewable energy.

Songdo is one example of “smart cities” designed and built from the ground up. Back in 2000, in its place there was a sandbank in the Yellow Sea with several fishing buildings. Three years later, South Korean authorities poured 500 million tons of sand there to build a business district near Seoul airport; by 2014, the population of the new city exceeded 70 thousand people, and the amount of invested funds exceeded $35 billion. The city became an economic zone with attractive conditions for business, as well as a model for the development of “smart” cities around the world.

Already today, every second person on the planet is a city dweller, and by 2050, according to UN estimates, more than 67% of the world's population - 6.3 billion people - will be concentrated in cities. Cities of the future will have to cope with more challenges due to increasing urbanization- such as a lack of amenities, aging infrastructure, increasing traffic, pollution and social discomfort. Information technology and the Internet of things should help combat these problems: solutions will emerge that will unite various city departments, educational establishments, transport, hospitals, power plants, water supply and sewerage in single network city management systems. With the help of sensors and real-time monitoring systems, large amounts of data will be collected and analyzed, which will allow cities to be managed more efficiently and improve the quality of life in the urban environment. In Moscow, elements of a “smart city” already make it possible to solve crimes and control traffic, and in more “advanced” cities, almost the entire urban infrastructure is regulated using data from sensors - from lighting and air quality to water supply and waste collection.

67% THE EARTH'S POPULATION (6.3 BILLION PEOPLE) BY 2050, ACCORDING TO UN ESTIMATIONS, WILL BE CONCENTRATED IN CITIES

In “smart cities” technologies will penetrate almost all areas of government and public life, allowing citizens to effectively manage their living environment, from “smart” houses that automatically control the supply of heat and electricity, air temperature and humidity, to interaction with business and city services. The city becomes a “system of systems”, data-driven, optimized and integrated at every level - from individual devices to buildings, cities and entire regions, says MIT professor William Mitchell.

Research firm IHS predicts that by 2025, at least 88 cities around the world will be smart. (In 2013 there were only 21 of these; analysts of this company classify cities as “smart” in which integrated information, communication and technological solutions in three or more areas of life).

Many modern cities already have strategies for introducing such technologies. Thus, Amsterdam adopted the Smart City Initiative strategy in 2009; it includes projects and mobile applications developed by both the government and private companies, and even the citizens themselves. For example, thanks to the use of “smart” energy-saving LED lamps in streetlights, less electricity is wasted in areas where there are few pedestrians, and one of the residents developed and integrated into the city system the Mobypark application, which allows owners of parking spaces to rent them out to other car owners for hourly pay. The Dutch authorities have allocated 70 million euros for the development of intelligent road infrastructure, in which cars will interact with each other and receive traffic signals and advice on avoiding traffic jams based on the traffic situation.

70 million eurosTHE DUTCH AUTHORITIES ALLOCATED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE

Malmö, Sweden, plans to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2020, and to operate entirely on renewable energy by 2030. The authorities of Masdar, a recently built and not yet inhabited city in the UAE, which supports low level carbon emissions thanks to solar energy.

New technologies are even penetrating into the slums. For example, in Stellenbosch, near Cape Town, homes get their electricity from solar panels mounted on their roofs, and residents can pay their electricity bills through mobile apps.

Elements of a “smart city” are also already working in Moscow. For example, intellectual transport systems(these include mobile applications like “Yandex.Transport” or stops with screens that indicate the approach of transport), as well as a system of public services, including about 200 city mobile and online services.

75% ECONOMIC GROWTH WILL BE CENTERED IN CITIES

It is the cities that will account for the main economic growth - up to 70-75% of countries' GDP, which means large volumes of greenhouse gases. In this regard, the issue of ecology will become acute. Smart city infrastructure will include systems for saving energy and recycling waste. The first will use smart grids - intelligent energy networks that collect information about energy consumption and allow electricity to be distributed more efficiently. The latter include many options: already now both companies and citizens offer a lot non-standard solutions on recycling waste and reusing it for the benefit of society. One of the most interesting projects is Plus Pool in New York, where enthusiasts raised money through crowdfunding Kickstarter platform$400 thousand to develop one of the world's first public swimming pools using treated wastewater. According to the developers, such water will be completely safe for people, and will also become good example how to minimize damage to nature.

Despite the fact that smart cities are aimed at improving the comfort of life in the urban environment, their development also entails new problems. One of them is security and the increased risk of personal data leakage. With the integration of all city services into unified system It will be possible to gain access to the entire history of movements and actions of each individual citizen. Thus, the very concept of privacy, if it does not disappear, will be under threat. Some cities are already paying this price for reducing crime, such as Singapore, where numerous CCTV cameras have reduced crime but have markedly tightened government control over society. In China, they are already preparing to take the problem to the point of absurdity: the authorities are considering a “card” system that will track and evaluate every action of a citizen, depending on this, opening or closing social opportunities for him.

$1.5 trillionWILL EXCEED THE VOLUME OF THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR SMART CITY TECHNOLOGIES

The growing number of smart cities opens up a wealth of business opportunities. According to the study consulting company Frost & Sullivan, by 2020 the global market for technologies related to smart cities will exceed $1.5 trillion. Among the fastest growing will be the smart energy market, which will develop thanks to the spread of smart grids and other smart solutions. Dramatic changes will come after 2020 with the advent of batteries that can store large amounts of electricity for a long time, for example, generated by converting solar or wind energy. According to Frost & Sullivan, the smart energy market will grow at an average rate of 28.7% per year and by 2025 will account for almost a quarter of the global smart city market.

Sensors will be the key drivers of smart city development, which will become smaller and smaller and will have everything more possibilities connection to communication technologies and the Internet of things (LoRa, LTE, Low Power WiFi) and synchronization with other systems in smart buildings. This market will also grow: in 2025 it is expected to account for 7% of common market smart cities.

Finally, smart and environmentally friendly infrastructure in cities will expand, especially in terms of municipal waste management and wastewater treatment. Frost & Sullivan expects the sector to grow at an average annual rate of 12% from 2012 to 2025 as solutions emerge to convert waste into renewable energy.

All this will open up new opportunities for private businesses, which will be able to develop and sell data analysis solutions, cloud services and other technologies that allow citizens to interact with smart cities.

Sharing economy

In 2029, a 1 km trip in a self-driving electric shared car will cost $0.8

Sharing economy

“People don’t want to buy a quarter-inch drill. They need a quarter inch hole in the wall" is a saying American economist Harvard Business School professor Theodore Levitt has become the unofficial slogan of the sharing economy. Online platforms that allow users to rent housing and goods to each other and exchange services have already significantly transformed the economy and will penetrate into more and more areas of life.

One in five American adults has already participated in the sharing economy, and 44% have heard of it. Among young Europeans aged 25-39, this share is even higher: every third person has already used sharing services (PwC data).

The birth year of the sharing economy is considered to be 2007, when the era of smartphones and mobile applications began, without which the rapid growth of such services would hardly have been possible. Already today, almost every industry - from housing and cars to clothing - is involved in the “sharing economy”: in addition to Airbnb and Uber, there are, for example, services for renting dresses (Rent The Runway), short-term office rental (We Are Pop Up), finding a partner on business lunch (EatWith, Meal Sharing, Traveling Spoon). Even such inflexible areas as healthcare are gradually changing: the “Uber for marijuana” has already appeared in the United States - the startup Eaze, which delivers legal weed for medical reasons to the buyer’s home, and the Israeli HelpAround has founded a network for communication and exchange of medications among diabetes patients.

The popularity of the “user to user” scheme is already expressed in numbers with a large number of zeros: Airbnb’s valuation ($30 billion) is already higher than the capitalization of the Hilton hotel chain (about $25.5 billion), and the number of drivers cooperating with Uber has exceeded 1 million people. PwC expects in 2025, the turnover of sharing services (car sharing, housing rental through sharing platforms, music and video streaming, as well as freelance services and crowdfunding) will amount to $335 billion- the same amount as will be generated by hotels, car rental services and businesses operating in the same sectors using the traditional model. PwC analysts expect the biggest growth in ride-sharing and user-to-user rental housing. On average, the sharing economy in Europe will grow by 35% per year in the next 10 years, according to PwC analysts: this is almost 10 times faster than the entire EU economy.

35% per yearTHIS IS THE RATE THAT THE SHARING ECONOMY IN EUROPE WILL GROW IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS

Next areas that are most likely to be affected by “uberization” are energy, telecom and retail. The result of this process may be that people will no longer have property at all, Danish Member of Parliament Ida Auken wrote in a column on the World Economic Forum website. In her opinion, by 2030, in cities (at least in Scandinavia, which is leaning towards socialism), everything will become common: from clothes and kitchen utensils for rent to living space, which will be allowed to be used as, for example, a meeting room in the absence of residents. And this will make economic sense, Auken believes: why buy an expensive bed if you can rent it and pay pennies every day for use?

The sharing economy will shake up traditional business models that have remained unchanged for years. For automobile companies For example, the key measure of success will change altogether, Morgan Stanley analysts point out: Instead of the number of cars sold, the main indicator of success will be the number of kilometers traveled. If in 2015 car sharing accounted for only about 4% of the total distance traveled by cars around the world (which is 10.2 billion miles, or 16 billion km), then by 2030 “shared trips” will account for 26 % of this distance (and it itself will almost double).

But the most serious changes await the auto industry with the spread of drones: cars without drivers will be deprived of the human factor leading to errors in logistics, this will allow them to be used more efficiently. By 2030, driving a self-driving electric shared car will be 33% cheaper than driving a private one - only about $0.5 per mile ($0.8 per kilometer). Such changes in the car market are long overdue, Adam Jonas, head of global car market research at Morgan Stanley, is convinced. “Think about it: cars are used on average for only about an hour a day, but they account for 45% of global oil consumption and an average of 3,500 deaths worldwide every day,” he says. Cars will be transformed from private property into objects of public use, blurring the boundaries between personal and public transport.

The abandonment of cars in private ownership will radically change the entire production chain, affecting all its participants - from metallurgists and suppliers of auto parts to sellers of car accessories and parking organizations. By 2021, car sales will noticeably decline, and production will also decline, says Boston Consulting Group (BCG). At the same time, according to her estimates, only a third of the total amount of lost sales will be able to be compensated by sales of cars for car sharing. In total, automakers' losses could reach up to 7.4 billion euros, BCG concludes. Car sharing is also expected to transform the insurance industry: As the number of drivers forced to buy insurance declines, insurance companies will have to come up with new schemes to sell their services.

However, BCG experts warn that robocars will not flood the passenger car market before 2027, which means market participants still have time to prepare. Many have already started, for example, the automaker General Motors invested $500 million in Uber competitor Lyft, and Volkswagen invested $300 million in the Gett taxi app. In addition, many major automakers have already announced the development of cars with autopilot modules.

$500 millionGENERAL MOTORS INVESTED IN THE LYFT TAXI SERVICE

True, there is also skeptical view on the future of the sharing economy. The main problem is trust: In order for networks for the exchange of goods and services to operate successfully and allow Internet platforms to earn money, users must trust each other. In this regard, a user-to-user business is more complicated than a company-to-user business: the company is not personally responsible for each of the registrants, especially if there are millions of them. Platforms are coming up with different ways to increase the level of trust between their users, from ratings by other participants to tightening verification or automatic insurance (for example, Airbnb agrees to pay hosts up to $1 million if guests damage their property).

In addition, the emergence of companies that simplify transactions between users is not universally welcomed. In Berlin and Barcelona, city authorities have banned short-term housing rentals - this is how governments are trying to return to the budget some of the tourism revenues that began to go by the wayside with the advent of Airbnb and HomeAway. And in France and other countries, taxi drivers are staging strikes against Uber, which they believe is ruining markets with low prices.

Finally, many skeptics doubt that the sharing economy makes sense outside of the areas in which Airbnb and Uber operate. To find a person who will drill a hole in the wall, you need to go online, post an ad, choose a suitable performer and allocate time for this - and all this is not at all free. So, maybe it would be easier to go and buy a drill?

Yuri Namestnikov

Head of Russian research center Kaspersky Lab

When we talk about cyber threats associated with retail today, three things first come to mind: purchases using stolen bank cards, attacks on POS terminals, which allow these cards to be stolen in large quantities, and attacks on IT systems and accounting of the store itself. The situation with cybersecurity in retail cannot now be called cloudless: due to attacks on POS terminals of a large trading network in the USA, Target three years ago, more than 40 million payment cards were compromised; the volume of unauthorized transactions using payment cards issued in the Russian Federation in 2015 amounted to more than 1.14 billion rubles, of which about 30% were trade organizations, well, the situation with an accountant’s encrypted computer or money withdrawn from the company’s account is familiar to many Russian entrepreneurs.

The next round of development retail will naturally entail the emergence of new methods of illegally taking money both from the stores themselves and from customers. Trading companies They invest a lot of money in developing methods for convenient shopping.

One of the rapidly developing areas is the simplification of payment, which now increasingly occurs not with money or a card, but with the help of smartphones and watches. Almost simultaneously with the widespread introduction of the new payment method, malware appeared, masquerading as payment applications, for example, Google Wallet (which is now turning into Android Pay). At the same time, from a security point of view, users were simply not ready for such a turn of events: everyone was used to protecting their computer from viruses and keeping their wallet close to their body, but then again, for many, their wallet migrated to an unprotected smartphone, which was taken advantage of by scammers.

The next logical step in this direction is payment using biometric data.

This is where the issue of safety of biometrics and the digital identity attached to it arises, because if we still somehow hide the card data from prying eyes, then the biometrics are always on display, especially if you like to take pictures. There are already methods to bypass biometric systems using recorded video and voice, and it is already possible to make copies of fingerprints. Here the question of design, or, if you like, competent architecture of the payment security system comes into play: as in today’s computer systems Protections do not rely on a single layer of protection, and biometric systems must be built taking into account the use of additional factors that characterize the behavior of a digital identity, such as applications used, sites visited, store location, customer, amount of purchases, time of purchase, etc.

If deviations in behavior occur, the security system may require you to verify the transaction in some additional way, for example, by voice, or reject it altogether if it is an obvious fraud.

A wave of attacks on IT systems of stores with the aim of stealing customer data and stealing money from company accounts forced owners trading business take a fresh look at the situation and start protecting your network. If competitors are now ordering DDoS attacks on store websites in pre-holiday days, then with deeper penetration of IT systems into offline retail and robotization of the sales process, such attacks can become a much more serious problem, because Not only online sales will stop, but also offline sales, i.e. the entire business.

Don't forget that an IT system is only as secure as its weakest link.

The emergence of connected smart devices (cameras that read faces; assistants that carry out customer commands) and robots in stores, which now, again, for the most part do not use any serious protection mechanisms (if any at all), open up new security gaps and, accordingly, business processes become more vulnerable. This is the same case when a robot control system in a warehouse or robotic checkouts must be built on an inherently safe software platform, such as Kaspersky OS, where it is impossible for attackers to do anything unauthorized by design.

In the logistics story, everything is very interesting from a security point of view: there is practically an ocean of possibilities for both attackers and defenders.

The development of drone delivery is stopped not only by the immaturity of the legislative system, but also by concerns from a cybersecurity point of view. And these fears are not unfounded: many techniques are known to intercept control of a drone, including using vulnerabilities in its software. Imagine how your just ordered hot pizza lands not at your door, but somewhere four blocks away, and the money is debited from your card, you will agree - not a very bright prospect, especially if the pizza is replaced with an expensive gadget or decoration. However, even here, if you initially provide for security at the stage of creating the system architecture, then many risks can be significantly reduced: the Cloud Security Alliance and Securing Smart Cities, which includes Kaspersky Lab, has released a document that contains recommendations for creating drone control systems so that avoid cyber incidents. All that remains is for the manufacturers of drone control systems to follow the recommendations. As you can see, a wonderful future awaits us, when mannequins smile and communicate with you, and the store plays music that you like, and the choice of things becomes more and more convenient, not to mention the moment of parting with money. Thoughtful cybersecurity, which is initially built into the design of systems, and personal digital literacy will save money for both store owners and customers. Moreover, it is important that all elements are protected trading system from the platform that powers warehouse robots, checkout counters and drones, to shoppers' gadgets and the imprint of our digital identities.

Sergey Lozhkin

Senior antivirus expert at Kaspersky Lab

The field of cybermedicine in Lately is on the minds of many security researchers around the world. Indeed, technologies for remote diagnostics and other types of medical activity have last years got far ahead. Tomographs, X-ray machines, ultrasound diagnostic devices and even devices for remote surgical operations - robots - surgical assistants; they are fully functional powerful computers with their own operating systems, applications and Internet connection.

Therefore, the information security of these devices is a priority, since the life and health of patients may depend on it.

Such devices are a very interesting target for attack by a malicious hacker. Modern medical devices are very expensive and, for example, remote hacking of a tomograph and making changes to the control computer or firmware can simply disable it, which can lead to big losses for a clinic or hospital. There is also a risk of deliberately changing the functionality of the device, which leads to obtaining incorrect diagnostic data, and as a result, to incorrect treatment and aggravation of the patient’s condition. Also, an attacker may find valuable personal data of patients stored on medical devices - diagnoses, medical history, etc. - this data can also be used for various purposes. Well, a completely, at first glance, fantastic, but in fact quite real scenario - hacking of a remote surgical intervention device, when a hacker can gain control of the device during an operation and cause irreparable harm with his hacking or provoke the death of a patient.

Already in 2016, at least three cases became known in the United States (Kentucky Methodist Hospital, Chino Valley Medical Center and Desert Valley Hospital, California) when attackers infected internal network clinics and hospitals with encryption programs.

All data in the clinic, including medical records, was encrypted. This forced management medical institution immediately pay cybercriminals millions of dollars for decryption - after all, the health of patients depends on the availability of this information, and there may simply not be time to find the key and decrypt it. Unfortunately, manufacturers of such devices do not always care about ensuring complete information security. They place their main emphasis on unique technical medical functionality, often forgetting about cybersecurity and not paying due attention to protective solutions and methods. Outdated versions are often used operating systems, the medical applications themselves are not updated or the update procedure is a rather complicated process. Therefore, such devices often remain vulnerable, and information about hacking has recently appeared more and more often in the media. Within a few years, cybermedicine will experience explosive growth and the area of information security of these devices should be one of the first places for both manufacturers and regulatory and certification organizations. The use of social networks and instant messengers for corporate communication forces businesses to build trusting relationships with a third party - the developer social networks and messengers - and count on the fact that this partner securely stores the data ( Accounts users, correspondence, etc.) and protects its infrastructure. In turn, the villain also understands that now valuable corporate data is stored not only on those organization computers that are reliably protected and located in the company’s office, but the information is transferred to personal devices and employee accounts. This means that once a personal account on a social network of an employee of a company is hacked, it can now cause not only reputational damage to the employee himself, but also affect the organization itself.

Thus, the perimeter is blurred corporate network and ensuring information security is becoming more and more difficult, because you need to control each participant in the information exchange.

Everyday activities that are gradually moving online (for example, making an appointment with a doctor, sending a message to the police, ordering a taxi) open up new opportunities for fraudsters. For example, faking an online request to the police can disrupt the process in such a way that a real request from a real user who is in danger simply does not reach the police, and they, in turn, will spend their resources on processing requests from the fraudster. Or another scenario: an attacker steals the victim’s credentials and, on her behalf, sends requests to the police, makes an appointment with a doctor, or any other action that will cause trouble to the party processing it. The transition of traditional media to social networks opens up not only new channels for delivering content to consumers, but also new potential sources for disinformation. For example, hacking into the official account of a media outlet and subsequent posting of fake news not only leads to reputational losses for the publication, but can also affect the object of this news, for example, provoke a change in the exchange rate of the company’s assets.

The concept of a “smart city” is a logical development of “smart home” technology. This leads to a similar approach to design, characterized by a reduced level of information security, not for the sake of convenience, but for the simplicity and speed of implementation. The “smart cities” that exist today or their individual elements used in ordinary megacities were developed about 10 years ago, without taking into account the modern realities of information threats and hacker techniques.

At the same time, “smart homes” are already the object of demonstrating the capabilities of potential attacks, and “smart” devices are actively used not only by ordinary cybercriminals, but also by intelligence agencies to collect information about the user.

It is worth recalling, for example, the Mirai botnet of IoT devices, which at the end of last year participated in a powerful DDoS attack that led to a denial of service to an entire region. And the other day, Kaspersky Lab spoke about the activity of the Hajime malware, which is currently actively infecting Internet of Things devices and also creating a botnet out of them. On this moment Hajime controls almost 300 thousand gadgets around the world - potentially all of them are ready to carry out the commands of attackers.

Unfortunately, now threats in the field of smart cities mainly refer to the risks of personal data leakage. This is a rather limited view of the problem, although the risk of personal data leaks is increasing and will continue to increase in the future, regardless of the problem of smart cities.

For cities, a more significant and extremely high risk is the interference of hackers in the functioning of city systems. This is what Hollywood has been preparing us for for many years, and thousands of hackers around the world are just waiting for the technical opportunity to turn fantastic scenarios into reality. And in some situations they are already starting to try their hand: for example, in early April in the American city of Dallas, an unknown hacker hacked the security system and gained access to more than 150 emergency sirens, which he turned on in the middle of the night.

Another high-profile example in the same USA: in January, on the eve of Trump’s inauguration, in Washington most of devices that record data from police CCTV cameras were hacked and disabled, with 123 of the 187 existing cameras out of service for four days.

Meanwhile, back in 2014, American researchers, in collaboration with the Michigan Highway Agency, demonstrated several real-life scenarios of attacks on traffic light control systems. It is obvious that such interference is fraught with serious consequences - a threat human lives. That is why the development of all smart city systems should be carried out with the involvement of information security specialists and with the implementation effective means protection is still at the “foundation” level of a smart city.

This is not an area where you can “save” on safety in the hope of improving something later during operation. Then it may never come.

Kirill Kerzenbaum

Head of Corporate Solutions Department, Kaspersky Lab

The sharing economy, currently enthusiastically accepted by society, is not so clearly accepted by the state and regulators. The risks posed by the P2P (people-to-people) economic model are not fully understood, and it is very difficult to predict how they will develop in the future. It is already clear that, in contrast to the standard B2C and B2B models, where the manufacturer or supplier of a product or service bears full responsibility for it, in the conditions of a general consumption economy, aggregators of such supply and demand, in full or in part, disclaim all responsibility or significantly limit it, thus shifting all risks to private individuals. A good example of this is Uber, which explicitly states that it bears virtually no responsibility for the life and health of passengers, but is merely a platform for placing orders for transportation. The state in its social function should be responsible for the life and health of its own citizens and ultimately should be a participant in such relations and bear joint responsibility, but at the moment this is not possible. That is why we are now at a certain peak in the development of such technologies, and until the question of who and to what extent bears the legal and financial risks in the event of incidents in P2P transactions is resolved, we will not see further development similar economic models in more critical areas such as medicine, energy and telecommunications.

If we talk separately about one of the most important and promising directions development of this model - self-driving cars, then there lies a completely separate and very serious layer of potential problems directly related to people's lives. The issue of liability for incidents between self-driving cars or between similar ones and cars driven by people, the guaranteed increased interest of cybercriminals and especially cyberterrorists in the context of the appearance of such devices on the roads, and much more - this is what is now actually the main brake on the development of this area of technology. The technologies themselves already make it possible to make a fairly reliable self-driving car, but whether there is a real need for it and how to regulate its operation/interaction with other objects is still unclear.

The main advantage of the Uberization of the economy for consumers is simplified access to goods and services, even those that may previously have been completely inaccessible to them. Thus, a huge number of new participants are appearing in the demand market, for whom the brand and reputation of the company are not so important, but the price and ease of access to the product or service are more important. Unfortunately, these criteria are usually not typical for traditional B2B models, and therefore many classic companies, under the yoke of new Uber-like businesses, begin to experience big problems. Again, here are very illustrative examples of classic taxi companies and travel agencies, that is, those areas that the uberization of the economy affected first of all. There may be several recommendations here. Firstly, if you want to effectively counter P2P models and they can pose a threat to your business, then you need to go into the digital world as much as possible. The company’s website and specialized mobile application should allow easy and quick access to your goods and services and provide flexible models for their use. Secondly, despite the decreasing importance of the brand in the economy of general consumption, users still want to be sure that they will not be deceived and the quality of the service or product provided will be at a high level. Therefore, it is the increased emphasis on reputation and time-tested technologies that will allow classic businesses to compete more effectively with innovative models, but only if they take the first recommendation seriously. Last but not least, if you can’t resist something, then the best thing to do is lead it.

Obviously, the consumer in this model is the main beneficiary. Thanks to Uber and similar sharing economy schemes, more people have access to more goods and services than ever before. We can drive almost any car, live anywhere, dress in any clothing from the most prestigious brands, but unfortunately, at the same time, no one guarantees us that the quality and characteristics of a given item or service will correspond to those stated in the event serious problems we can get decent support.

As a result, we see that a high level of supply and a high level of competition within such models, unlike classic ones, does not lead to an increase in quality, but only entails a reduction in price. Accordingly, we must be aware that we cannot always expect adequate quality of the service provided. This is probably not the worst thing when we are talking about short-distance transportation or short-term accommodation, but if we consider more serious areas such as medicine or aviation, the low-price model will not work here. It is also very likely that the response to the further spread of P2P models will be the emergence of a large number of frauds, including in the digital sphere, when a product or service will be sold that does not actually exist.

Summarizing. The entire history of human development is the history of revolutions and evolutions of socio-economic models, from natural barter exchange to the first money in the form of minted coins (VII century BC), from the first paper money to full-fledged commodity-money relations (money - commodity - money stroke). Now we are seeing a partial return to the model of direct provision of services and goods without intermediaries, which we abandoned with the advent of the industrial revolution at the beginning of the 19th century, and what is happening can hardly be called a revolution. However, it is important to note that any changes in socio-economic models in society have always led to the emergence of new patterns of violations and abuses, and in the age information technologies we can be 100% sure that this trend will not take long to arrive. That is why businesses, regardless of whether they still operate according to classical models or are already using sharing economy models, need to pay significant attention to security issues, primarily cybersecurity.

Smile and be friendly! If your day is not going well, then leave all your worries at home and be polite during your shift, even with the nastiest clients. You don't have to be intrusive, but your customers are more likely to be happier if you serve them slowly but with a great attitude than if you serve them very quickly but rudely. If you cannot be happy at the moment, then at least pretend.

Learn the basics of operating a cash register. Whether it's an antique manual mechanism or a modern cash register, you need to know how to perform all the basic functions that will be repeated on at least every third or fourth customer. If the cash register has buttons for quick dialing amounts, such as 5, 10, 20, then learn how to use them. During the first few days, review the basic rules if you have a spare minute and ask a more experienced cashier to check that you are doing everything correctly.

Learn how to conduct cash transactions, which happen quite often, but not every day. For example, if you sell gift certificates about once a week, it would still be best to learn how to do it. It is also important to know what to do if you make a mistake, or if any problem arises - what should you do if you gave the wrong change but have already closed the cash register, if someone wants a refund, or if the machine is frozen? If this was not explained to you during training, then ask your manager or a more experienced cashier to explain everything to you.

Find out who you can turn to in an unclear situation. In the beginning, you won't be able to remember every detail of the training, especially those cases that you have never encountered during your work, but you need to know where this information can be found if you encounter this problem. It would be good to at least look through the instructions for use cash register, to roughly know where what information is located.

Keep track of how your client will pay. Some people pay in cash and need change, while others pay for their purchases by bank card, and they will need to enter their code and wait for the transaction to take place. At this time, they can do other necessary things, for example, put shopping in bags.

Know your store's assortment well so you can give advice and compliments. Even if you are a simple cashier and you do not work on the sales floor, you are still a store employee and may be contacted with questions. If you know that some purchase is very profitable, then let your customer know that this product is very good, or that you think it is the most the best choice from what was proposed and what the client did right choice. Be honest and don't overdo it, a small compliment will add value to the purchase and your client will be happy with the purchase.