Training and education of electrical personnel to prevent electrical injuries. Training program for electrical and electrical engineering personnel for assignment to group II in electrical safety Training program for electrical engineering personnel

Workers hired to perform work in electrical installations must have professional training appropriate to the nature of the work. In the absence of professional training, such workers must be trained (before admission to independent work) V specialized centers personnel training (training centers, educational and training centers).

Electrical technical personnel, before being appointed to work independently or when moving to another job (position) related to the operation of electrical installations, as well as during a break in work as electrical personnel for more than 1 year, must undergo internship (industrial training) at work.

For training, the employee must be given a period sufficient to become familiar with the equipment, apparatus, operational schemes and at the same time study to the extent necessary for the given position (profession):

• rules for the design of electrical installations, safety rules, rules and techniques for providing first aid in case of accidents at work, rules for the use and testing of protective equipment, rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations;
• job and production instructions;
• labor protection instructions;
• other rules, regulatory and operational documents in force in this organization.

Electrical personnel training programs indicating the necessary sections of rules and instructions are drawn up by managers (responsible for electrical equipment) structural divisions and can be approved by the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the organization.

The training program for managers of operational personnel, employees from among operational, operational and repair personnel should include internship and knowledge testing, and for managers of operational personnel, employees from among operational, operational and repair personnel, also duplication.

An employee undergoing an internship (duplication) must be assigned by an appropriate document to an experienced employee in the organization (for managers and specialists) or in a structural unit (for workers).

The internship is carried out under the guidance of a responsible training employee and is carried out according to programs developed for each position (workplace) and approved in the prescribed manner. The duration of the internship should be from 2 to 14 shifts.

The head of an organization or structural unit may exempt from internship an employee who has at least 3 years of experience in his specialty and who moves from one workshop to another, if the nature of his work and the type of equipment on which he previously worked does not change.

Admission to an internship is issued by a relevant document from the head of the organization or structural unit. The document indicates the calendar dates of the internship and the names of the employees responsible for its implementation.

The duration of the internship is set individually depending on the level vocational education, work experience, profession (position) of the student.

During the internship, the employee must:

• understand the requirements of operating rules, labor protection, fire safety and their application in the workplace;
• study diagrams, production instructions and labor protection instructions, knowledge of which is mandatory for working in a given position (profession);
• practice clear orientation in your workplace;
• acquire the necessary practical skills in performing production operations;
• study the techniques and conditions for trouble-free, safe and economical operation of the equipment being serviced.

Admission to duplication for operational personnel and independent work for administrative, technical and maintenance personnel is documented in the appropriate document for the organization.

After duplication, an employee from among the operational or operational-repair personnel may be allowed to work independently. Duration of duplication from 2 to 12 work shifts. For a specific employee, it is established by a decision of the knowledge testing commission, depending on the level of his professional training, length of service and work experience.

Permission to independent work for operational personnel is issued by a corresponding document from the head of the organization.

During the period of duplication, the employee must take part in control emergency fire drills with evaluation of the results and recording in the appropriate logs.

The number of training sessions and their topics are determined by the backup training program.

If during the duplication the employee has not acquired sufficient production skills or received an unsatisfactory assessment in emergency training, it is allowed to extend his duplication for a period of 2 to 12 work shifts and additionally conduct control emergency training. The extension of duplication is formalized by the relevant document of the organization.

If during the duplication period it is established that the employee is professionally unsuitable for this activity, he is removed from training.

During duplication, the trainee can carry out operational switching, inspections and other work in electrical installations only with the permission and under the supervision of the trainee. Responsibility for the correctness of the trainee’s actions and his compliance with the rules lies with both the trainee himself and the employee teaching him.

Testing the knowledge of electrical personnel

Testing the knowledge of electrical workers can be:

1. Primary;
2. Periodic: (a) regular and (b) extraordinary.

1. Initial check knowledge testing is carried out for workers who first entered a job related to the maintenance of electrical installations, or after a break in testing knowledge for more than 3 years.

2a. The next inspection should be carried out within the following periods:

• for electrical personnel directly organizing and carrying out work on servicing existing electrical installations or performing adjustment, electrical installation, repair work or preventive tests in them, as well as for personnel who have the right to issue orders, orders, and conduct operational negotiations - once a year;
• for administrative and technical personnel not belonging to the previous group, as well as for labor protection specialists authorized to inspect electrical installations - once every 3 years.

The time of the next test is set in accordance with the date of the last knowledge test.

For employees who receive an unsatisfactory assessment during the next knowledge test, the commission assigns a repeat test no later than 1 month from the date of the last inspection.

The validity of the certificate for an employee who has received an unsatisfactory assessment is automatically extended until the period appointed by the commission for the second inspection, unless there is a special decision of the commission recorded in the knowledge test log on the temporary suspension of the employee from working in electrical installations.

2b. An extraordinary knowledge test is carried out regardless of the date of the previous test:

• when new or revised rules and regulations are introduced into the organization;
• when installing new equipment, reconstructing or changing the main electrical and technological circuits (the need for an extraordinary check in this case is determined by the technical manager);
• upon appointment or transfer to another job, if new responsibilities require additional knowledge of rules and regulations;
• in case of violation by employees of the requirements of regulations on labor protection;
• at the request of state supervisory authorities;
• according to the conclusion of commissions investigating accidents with people or disruptions in the operation of an energy facility;
• when increasing knowledge to a higher group;
• when testing knowledge after receiving an unsatisfactory grade;
• if there is a break in work in this position for more than 6 months.

The scope of knowledge for an extraordinary inspection and the date of its conduct are determined by the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the organization.

An extraordinary inspection, carried out at the request of state supervision and control authorities, as well as after accidents, incidents and accidents, does not cancel the deadlines for the next scheduled inspection and can be carried out in a commission of state energy supervision authorities.

In case of changes and additions to current rules an extraordinary inspection is not carried out, but they are brought to the attention of workers with registration in the workplace briefing log.

Testing knowledge of the norms and rules of work in electrical installations of organizations should be carried out according to those approved by the manager calendar schedules. Employees subject to knowledge testing must be familiar with the schedule.

Knowledge testing of organizations responsible for electrical facilities, their deputies, as well as labor protection specialists whose responsibilities include monitoring electrical installations is carried out by the commission of state energy supervision authorities.

It is allowed not to conduct, in agreement with the state energy supervision authorities, a knowledge test of a specialist hired on a part-time basis in order to assign him the duties of a person responsible for electrical facilities, provided that the following conditions are simultaneously met:

• if no more than 6 months have passed since the knowledge test in the state energy supervision commission as administrative and technical personnel for the main job;
• the energy intensity of electrical installations, their complexity in a part-time organization is no higher than at the place of main work;
• The organization part-time does not have electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V.

Commission for testing the knowledge of electrical and electrical engineering personnel

To test the knowledge of electrical and electrical engineering personnel of an organization, the manager must appoint a commission of at least 5 people by order of the organization.

The chairman of the commission must have electrical safety group V in organizations with electrical installations with voltages up to and above 1000 V and group IV in organizations with electrical installations with voltages only up to 1000 V. The chairman of the commission is usually appointed as the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the organization.

All members of the commission must have an electrical safety group and pass a knowledge test in the commission of the state energy supervision body. It is allowed to test the knowledge of individual members of the commission on the spot, provided that the chairman and at least 2 members of the commission have passed the knowledge test in the commission of the state energy supervision authorities.

In structural divisions, the head of the organization can create commissions to test the knowledge of employees of structural divisions.

Members of the commissions of structural divisions must pass a test of knowledge of norms and rules in the central commission of the Consumer.

During the knowledge testing procedure, at least 3 members of the commission must be present, including the chairman (deputy chairman) of the commission.

Testing the knowledge of Consumer employees whose numbers do not allow the formation of knowledge testing commissions should be carried out in commissions of state energy supervision bodies.

Commissions of state energy supervision bodies for testing knowledge can be created under specialized educational institutions(institutes of advanced training, training centers etc.). They are appointed by order (instruction) of the head of the state energy supervision body. Members of the commission must undergo a knowledge test at the state energy supervision body that issued permission to create this commission. A senior state inspector (state inspector) for energy supervision is appointed as the chairman of the commission.

Representatives of state supervision and control bodies, upon their decision, can take part in the work of knowledge testing commissions at all levels.

The procedure for testing the knowledge of electrical and electrical engineering personnel

Each employee's knowledge is tested individually. For each position (profession), the head of the organization or structural unit must determine the scope of testing knowledge of norms and rules, taking into account job responsibilities and character production activities employee for the relevant position (profession), as well as the requirements of those regulatory documents, the provision and observance of which is included in his official duties.

Based on the results of testing the knowledge of the rules for the design of electrical installations, the Labor Protection Rules during the operation of electrical installations, safety rules and other regulatory and technical documents, an electrical safety group is established for electrical (electrical) personnel.

The results of the knowledge test are recorded in a journal of the established form and signed by all members of the commission. If the knowledge test of several employees was carried out on the same day and the composition of the commission did not change, then the commission members can sign once after finishing work; in this case, the total number of employees whose knowledge was tested must be indicated in words.

Personnel who successfully pass the knowledge test are issued a certificate in the established form.

It is allowed to use control and training machines based on personal electronic computers (PCs) for all types of testing, except for the primary one. In this case, the entry in the knowledge test log is not canceled. The developed program should provide the possibility of using it in training mode.

If a PC is used and an unsatisfactory mark is received in the auto-examiner’s protocol and the person being tested disagrees, the commission asks additional questions. The final grade is determined based on the results of a commission survey.

Mandatory forms of working with electrical personnel

Organizations should carry out systematic work with electrical personnel aimed at improving their qualifications, level of knowledge of labor protection rules and instructions, studying best practices and safe techniques for servicing electrical installations, and preventing accidents and injuries.

The volume of technical training to be organized and the need for emergency training are determined by the technical manager of the organization.

Mandatory forms of work with various categories workers from among electrical technical personnel are regulated by the Rules for working with personnel in electrical power organizations of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia dated February 19, 2000 N 49.

1. Administrative and technical staff

With administrative and technical staff the following is carried out:

• introductory and targeted (if necessary) briefings on labor protection;
• Administrative and technical personnel who have the rights of operational, operational-repair or maintenance personnel, in addition to the specified forms of work, must undergo all types of training provided for operational, operational-repair or maintenance personnel.

2. Operational and maintenance personnel

The following is carried out with operational and operational-repair personnel:

• testing knowledge of rules, labor safety standards, Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations, Labor safety rules during the operation of electrical installations, fire safety rules and other regulatory documents;
• duplication;
• special training;
• control emergency and fire drills;
• professional additional education for continuous professional development.

3. Maintenance personnel

The following is carried out with the repair personnel:

• introductory, primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted briefings on labor protection, as well as fire safety briefings;
• training on new position or professions with on-the-job training (internship);
• testing knowledge of rules, labor safety standards, Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations, Labor safety rules during the operation of electrical installations, fire safety rules and other regulatory documents;
• professional additional education for continuous professional development.

Conducting occupational safety briefings may be combined with fire safety briefings.

In order to prevent electrical installations of enterprises from becoming sources of electrical injuries, it is necessary that their operation be in the hands of qualified workers, in the hands of specially trained electrical personnel of the enterprise (energy service personnel and electrical personnel of its individual departments).

The law establishes that the operation of electrical installations of an enterprise of any voltage refers to work carried out in conditions of increased danger. Therefore, increased demands are placed on both the installations and the personnel operating them.

The rules clearly define: the operation of the electrical equipment of an enterprise can only be entrusted to electrical personnel specially trained for this purpose. Much depends on the qualifications of the persons operating electrical equipment, on their depth of knowledge of the relevant provisions of the rules and their ability to apply them in a timely and correct manner in their practical work. In this regard, the training of energy service personnel at enterprises should be given the most serious attention. This applies no less to the training of shop electrical personnel.

At present, when normal activity of an enterprise is unthinkable without the use of electricity in technological processes, the requirements for personnel servicing electrical technological installations and some electrified machines and mechanisms of workshops are increasing. Personnel who not only maintain, but also repair the electrical part of such installations are equal in all rights (and responsibilities) to electrical workers and are technically subordinate to the energy service.

But such installations are also assigned personnel who only monitor the production process (operators) and do not use anything other than starting equipment. In this case, he must have at least a minimum amount of knowledge on electrical safety in his workplace.

To obtain such knowledge, this contingent production staff is annually instructed at the workplace with verification of mastery of electrically safe work conditions, after which he is assigned I (without issuing a certificate, against a signature in a special journal). The absence of such instruction or the formalism shown in its implementation and execution often leads to electrical injuries.

Data from an analysis of industrial electrical injuries show that 72% of electrical injuries occurred with production personnel (electrical and other professions) with secondary, incomplete secondary and primary education. Since half of all industrial electrical injuries occur among electricians, this figure shows that among those injured there are a large number of electricians without special education. That is why the question of the need to hire into the energy service to work in the electrical facilities of an enterprise only those who have a special education and then have undergone serious training directly in the electrical facilities of the given workshop, the enterprise where he will work, is so urgent at present.

Causes of electrical injuries

The most common causes of electrical injuries are:

the appearance of voltage where it should not exist under normal conditions (on equipment housings, on technological equipment, on metal structures of buildings, etc.). Most often this occurs due to damage to the insulation;

the possibility of touching bare live parts in the absence of appropriate guards;

the impact of an electric arc that occurs between a live part and a person in networks with voltages above 1000 V, if a person is in close proximity to live parts;

other reasons. These include: uncoordinated and erroneous actions of personnel, supplying voltage to an installation where people are working, leaving the installation energized without supervision, permission to work on disconnected electrical equipment without checking the absence of voltage, etc.

It should be noted that the number of accidents in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V is 3 times greater than in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V.

This is explained by the fact that installations with voltages up to 1000 V are used more widely, and also by the fact that a larger number of people, who, as a rule, do not have an electrical specialty, have contact with electrical equipment. Electrical equipment above 1000 V is less common, and only highly qualified electricians are allowed to service it.

In this regard, we emphasize once again that the issue of training electrical personnel in maintaining required level the operation of the electrical equipment of the enterprise should be given the most important place.

For electrical personnel, of course, instruction alone is not enough. He undergoes special training with periodic testing of knowledge of rules and instructions. At the same time, he is assigned a safety qualification group corresponding to his knowledge and skills and is issued a personal certificate for the right to work in electrical installations.

In addition, the energy service provides Full time job with personnel in the form of: briefings on various issues of their activities, analysis of individual provisions of rules and instructions, directive and regulatory materials, analysis of accidents and emergencies, conducting emergency games and training, and much more that is necessary to obtain high professional training.

Special surveys of enterprises reveal a completely different picture. As a rule, there is no ongoing daily work with staff. Training is irregular. Instructions suffer from small topics and are carried out not in the form of a personal conversation with each employee, but in a group method, without subsequent verification of the degree of mastery of the topic under consideration.

Testing the knowledge of electrical engineering personnel is sometimes of a formal nature (for example, there are facts when in one day one commission tests from 30 to 70 people), and at the same time, violations of the procedure established by the rules for testing knowledge and assigning qualification groups for safety are allowed: places of inspection, registration of verification, etc. Work experience in electrical installations is not taken into account to assign one group or another. Emergency training is either not carried out at all, or is carried out irregularly, and in some cases not at the proper level.

Thus, energy service workers (and electrical personnel of workshops), not being equipped with the appropriate arsenal of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in working in the electrical sector of their enterprise, and in some cases having received an overestimated safety group, are unable to organize and carry out the assigned work safely.

Statistical data indicate that almost half of electrical injuries occur where electrical equipment is operated by people who do not have the necessary knowledge for this purpose.

An even more serious violation is the admission to independent work in the electrical facilities of an enterprise by energy service workers who have not passed the knowledge test according to the rules and who do not have a safety qualification group entitling them to such work.

Labor discipline is of great importance in ensuring the electrical safety of workers. Among key workers energy services- persons with III and IV qualification groups of electrical safety clearance due to low labor discipline a significant number of electrical injuries occur. Moreover, electrical injuries in persons with qualification group III are 1.5 times higher than in persons with qualification group III.

Based on the above, the following conclusion suggests itself: the health and life of the majority of people participating in production process with the use of electricity is directly dependent on the quality of work of the electrical technical personnel of the workshops and the energy service personnel of the enterprise, on the maintenance by these personnel of such a state of electrical installations that would satisfy all the requirements of rules and regulations.

Materials from the book "Electrotrauma and its prevention" were used. Authors: G.Yu. Gordon and L.I. Weinstein.

PRE-EXAMINATION TRAINING PROGRAMS ON ELECTRICAL SAFETY FOR ELECTRICAL PERSONNEL OF ENTERPRISES AND ORGANIZATIONS

Electrical safety is a system of organizational and technical measures and means that ensure the protection of people from the harmful and dangerous effects of electric current, electric arc, electromagnetic field and static electricity(GOST 12.1.009-82. SSBT. Electrical safety. Terms and definitions).

The electrical safety system covers the stages of design, installation, operation, and repair of electrical installations and electrical equipment. Main normative base systems:

Rules for electrical installations (7th ed.);
- Rules for technical operation of consumer electrical installations, approved. by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated January 13, 2003 No. 6;
- Rules for labor protection during the operation of electrical installations, Appendix to the Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2013 No. 328n (POTEU);

To directly fulfill the responsibilities for organizing the safe operation of electrical installations, the employer by order appoints a person responsible for electrical equipment and his deputy. These persons are appointed from among managers and specialists after testing their knowledge and assigning them group IV for electrical safety when operating electrical installations up to 1000 V and group V - above 1000 V.

Considering increased danger for humans electrical energy, only qualified service personnel are allowed to operate electrical installations.

Pre-examination training of electrical personnel (III, IV electrical safety groups)

The level of qualification of personnel is determined by the amount of knowledge about the dangers of electric current and the ability to provide first aid in case of accidents, according to which they are assigned an electrical safety group: from I - the lowest to V - the highest (for work in electrical installations above 1000 V).

To conduct a knowledge test and assign electrical safety groups to employees, the employer appoints by order a commission consisting of at least 5 people. During the verification procedure, at least three members of the commission must be present, including necessarily the chairman (or deputy chairman) of the commission. The chairman of the commission (deputy) must have group IV - for consumers with electrical installations only up to 1000 V and group V - up to and above 1000 V.

All members of the commission must have an electrical safety group, and the chairman and two members of the commission must undergo a knowledge test in the commission of the Energonadzor body.

Each employee's knowledge is tested individually. Based on the results of the inspection, the personnel are assigned an electrical safety group, an entry is made in the Logbook for checking the norms and rules of work in electrical installations, and a certificate of the established form is issued. When performing official duties, the employee must have a certificate with him.

Testing the knowledge of employees can be primary and periodic (regular and extraordinary). The initial knowledge test is carried out for workers who first entered a job related to the maintenance of electrical installations (preliminary training is required), or if there is a break in knowledge testing for more than 3 years.

The next inspection should be carried out within the following periods:

For electrical personnel directly organizing and carrying out work on servicing existing electrical installations or performing adjustment, electrical installation, repair work or preventive tests in them, as well as for personnel who have the right to issue orders, orders, and conduct operational negotiations - once a year;

For administrative and technical personnel not belonging to the previous group, as well as for labor protection specialists authorized to inspect electrical installations - once every 3 years.

An extraordinary knowledge test is carried out regardless of the date of the previous test:

When the Consumer introduces new or revised rules and regulations;

When installing new equipment, reconstructing or changing the main electrical and technological circuits (the need for an extraordinary check in this case is determined by the technical manager);

When assigned or transferred to another job, if new responsibilities require additional knowledge of rules and regulations;

If employees violate the requirements of labor protection regulations;

At the request of state supervisory authorities;

According to the conclusion of commissions that investigated accidents with people or disruptions in the operation of an energy facility;

When increasing knowledge to a higher group;

When testing knowledge after receiving an unsatisfactory grade;

If there is a break in work in this position for more than 6 months.

Description of pre-exam training programs in electrical safety for groups 3 and 4.

The program is intended for electrical technical personnel of enterprises.

Full-time form of education. Training is conducted in Russian.

Electrical technical personnel - personnel who have the right to single-handedly maintain, inspect, connect and disconnect electrical installations from mains voltages up to and above 1000 V. Groups 3 and 4 are assigned only upon reaching 18 years of age. Occupational safety specialists (engineers) require at least 3 years of experience in production in any position.

The main goal of training under the program is to improve and (or) obtain new competencies necessary for professional activities, and (or) improve professional level within the framework of existing qualifications.

The main objective of the training is to update and systematize the knowledge of personnel of organizations of various industries (regardless of their organizational and legal forms) about working with electrical installations, ensuring safe work, consolidating first aid skills in case of electric shock, training in conducting briefings and monitoring subordinates in in the field of compliance with labor protection standards and regulations (electrical safety

The pre-examination preparation program consists of 40 academic hours of lecture material, with intermediate certification carried out in the form of a test. Final certification is carried out by Rostechnadzor

More details about the program can be found in the Abstract.

Upon completion of the training and qualification exam, the student receives a certificate confirming the electrical safety clearance group.

Pre-exam training programs for groups 3 and 4 in electrical safety

Requirements for personnel allowed to service electrical installations. According to clause 1.4.1 of PTEEP, the operation of electrical installations (EU) must be carried out by trained electrical personnel.

Maintenance of electrical technology installations(electric welding, electrolysis, electrothermy, etc.), as well as complex energy-saturated production and technological equipment, the operation of which requires constant maintenance and adjustment of electrical equipment, electric drives, hand-held electrical machines, portable and mobile power receivers, portable power tools, must be carried out electrical engineering personnel. He must have sufficient skills and knowledge to safely perform work and maintain the installation assigned to him.

Electrotechnological personnel production workshops and areas that are not part of the Consumer's energy service, operating electrical technological installations and having electrical safety group II and higher, are equal in their rights and obligations to electrical engineering.

Managers directly subordinate to electrical personnel must have an electrical safety group no lower than that of subordinate personnel.

The list of positions and professions of electrical engineering personnel who need to have an appropriate electrical safety group is approved by the head of the Consumer.

Personnel authorized to operate and maintain electrical installations must: - have professional training appropriate to the nature of the work. In the absence of professional training, such employees must be trained (before being allowed to work independently) in specialized personnel training centers;

Pass a medical examination. The health status of electrical personnel servicing electrical installations is determined by a medical examination upon hiring and then checked periodically within the time limits established by health authorities. Electrical workers should not have persistent injuries or illnesses that interfere with production work;

Before being allowed to work independently, undergo training in methods of freeing a victim from the effects of electric current and providing first aid in case of accidents;

Complete on-the-job training to the extent necessary for the given profession (position).

Electrical staff Before being allowed to work independently or when moving to another job (position), as well as during a break in work for more than one year, he is required to undergo on-the-job training. The industrial training program is drawn up by the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the department and approved by the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the enterprise;

Pass a knowledge test of MPOT (PB), EEC, PTEEP and other regulatory and technical documents (rules and instructions for technical operation, fire safety, use of protective equipment, installation of electrical installations) within the limits of the requirements for the relevant position or profession. He must be assigned the appropriate electrical safety group and issued a certificate of the established form;

Complete an on-the-job internship lasting at least 2 weeks. Admission to internship and independent work for engineers is issued by order of the organization, for workers - by department;

Obtain permission to work independently (in writing).

1.2.3. Permission to work independently

Newly hired employees or those who have had a break in work for more than 6 months, depending on the category of personnel, receive the right to work independently after undergoing the necessary briefings on labor safety, training (internship) and testing of knowledge, duplicating the requirements of the “Personnel Rules...”.

Admission to independent work is issued by an administrative document from the head of the organization or structural unit.

During a break in work from 30 days to 6 months, the form of personnel training for admission to independent work is determined by the head of the organization or structural unit, taking into account the level of professional training of the employee, his work experience, official duties etc. In any case, unscheduled training on labor safety must be carried out.

Before admitting personnel who have had a long break from work, regardless of the forms of training provided, they must be familiar with:

 with changes in equipment, circuits and operating modes of power plants;

- with changes in instructions;

 with newly introduced regulatory and technical documents and other materials.

In case of prolonged downtime of equipment (mothballing, etc.) or changes in its operating conditions, the procedure for admitting personnel to its management is determined by the head of the organization.

1.3 Qualification groups for electrical safety

Assignment of an electrical safety group is a necessary condition for obtaining permission to service and operate

existing electrical installations. This requirement also applies to non-electrical personnel working in electrical installations.

Electrical personnel who have undergone medical
examination, special training and knowledge testing, assigned an electrical safety group (from II to V, table 1)
depending on work experience in electrical installations, education, theoretical knowledge and practical skills in working with registration in a journal of the established form (Appendix B).

Initially, a person in electrical engineering may be assigned group II. Electrical safety groups can only be assigned sequentially; you cannot “jump” over a group. Persons under 18 years of age are not permitted to be assigned to a group higher than II.

The requirements for personnel regarding electrical safety given in Table 1 are minimal and can be supplemented by the decision of the head of the organization.

Group I applies to non-electrical personnel. The list of professions and jobs that require production personnel to be classified as group I is determined by the head of the organization. Personnel who have mastered the electrical safety requirements related to their production activities are assigned group I with registration in a journal of the established form (Appendix D to these Rules). Assignment to group I is made through instruction, which, as a rule, should be completed with a knowledge test in the form of an oral survey and (if necessary) a test of acquired skills in safe working methods or providing first aid in case of electric shock. Assignment of group I is carried out by an employee from among the electrical technical personnel with group III, appointed by order of the head of the organization.

Group III can be assigned to employees only upon reaching 18 years of age.

When starting a job (transferring to another work site, replacing an absent employee), the employee, when testing his knowledge, must confirm the existing group in relation to the equipment of electrical installations at the new site.

When transferring an employee engaged in servicing electrical installations with voltages below 1000 V to work servicing electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, as a rule, he cannot be assigned an initial group higher than III.

Requirements to staff				1. Basic technical knowledge of the electrical installation and its equipment 2. Clear understanding of the danger of electric current, the danger of approaching to live parts.
Minimum work experience in electrical installations, months.	Trainees	Institutes and technical godfathers (college-jays)		not standardized
		Vocational schools
	Personnel of organizations	With higher electrical engineering education
		With secondary electrical and higher technical education
		With secondary education		After completing the program for at least 72 hours
		Without secondary education
Electrical Safety Group

8	3. Knowledge of basic precautions when working in electrical installations. 4. Practical skills in providing first aid to victims	1. Basic knowledge of general electrical engineering. 2. Knowledge of the electrical installation and its maintenance procedures. 3. Knowledge of general safety regulations, including rules for permission to work and special requirements relating to the work performed. 4. The ability to ensure safe work and supervise those working in electrical installations. 5. Knowledge of the rules for freeing a victim from electric current, providing first aid and the ability to practically provide it to the victim
7		3 in previous group
6		6 in previous group
5		1 in previous group
4		2 in previous group
3		2 in previous group
2		3 in previous group
1		III

8	1. Knowledge of electrical engineering in the scope of a specialized vocational school. 3. Knowledge of these rules, rules of technical operation of electrical equipment, electrical installations and fire safety within the scope of the position held. 6. Knowledge of the rules for freeing a victim from the effects of electric current, providing first aid and the ability to practically provide it to the victim.
7	–
6	–
5	2 in previous group
4	3 in previous group
3	3 in previous group
2	6 in the previous group
1	IV

8	1. Knowledge of electrical engineering in the scope of a specialized vocational school 2. A complete understanding of the dangers when working in electrical installations. 3. Knowledge of these Rules, rules for the technical operation of electrical equipment, rules for using and testing protective equipment, electrical installations and fire safety within the scope of the position held. 4. Knowledge of electrical installation diagrams and equipment of the serviced area, knowledge of technical measures to ensure the safety of work. 5. Ability to provide instructions, organize safe work, and supervise team members. 6. Knowledge of the rules for releasing the victim from the action of electric current, first aid and the ability to practically provide it to the victim. 7. Ability to train personnel in safety rules and practical first aid techniques
7	–
6	–
5	3 in previous group
4	6 in previous group
3	12 in previous group
2	24 in the previous group
1	V

2 The effect of electric current on a person

2.1 Negative effects of electric current on

person

There are three types of negative effects of electric current on the human body: thermal, electrolytic and biological. Thermal the effect manifests itself in burns of parts of the body, heating of blood vessels, blood, nerves, etc. Electrolytic the action manifests itself in the decomposition of blood and other organic fluids of the body and causes significant disturbances in their physical and chemical state. Biological the action manifests itself in the form of disruption of the normal functioning of the nervous system and leads to irritation and excitation of living tissues of the body, to involuntary convulsive contractions of muscles, including the lungs and heart.

Electrical current can cause two types of injury: local electrical injury or general electrical injury, called electrical shock.

Local electrical injuries include: electrical burns, electrical marks, skin metallization, electroophthalmia and mechanical injuries.

Electrical burn – the most common electrical injury. There are two types of burns: current (contact) and arc. Electrical burn is caused by the passage of current through the human body as a result of contact with a live part and is a consequence of the conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy. Electrical burns occur at voltages no higher than 1...2 kV and are in most cases first- and second-degree burns (redness, blistering). An arc burn occurs at higher voltages between the live part and the human body, when an electric arc is formed (arc temperature above 3500 0 C), which causes an arc burn. Arc burns are usually severe - III or IV degrees.

Electrical signs – clearly defined spots of gray or pale yellow color on the surface of human skin in places where electric current is applied. In most cases, electrical signs are painless and can be easily treated.

Metallization of leather– this is the penetration of tiny particles of metal melted in an electric arc into the upper layers of the skin, as a result of which burns occur. This can happen during a short circuit, a switch is turned off, and other cases.

Electroophthalmia– eye damage caused by ultraviolet radiation from an electric arc.

Mechanical damage occur as a result of convulsive muscle contractions under the influence of electric current, which leads to rupture of the skin, blood vessels, nerve tissue, and can also lead to dislocation of joints, torn ligaments and even bone fractures. These same electrical injuries include bruises and fractures obtained when a person falls from a height while exposed to current.

Electric shock- this is the excitation of living tissues of the body by an electric current passing through it, accompanied by continuous convulsive muscle contractions. According to the severity of the consequences, electrical shocks are divided into four degrees:

– first – convulsive muscle contraction without loss of consciousness;

– second – convulsive muscle contraction, loss of consciousness, breathing and heart activity persist;

– third – loss of consciousness, disturbance of cardiac activity or breathing, or both;

– fourth – clinical death, i.e. lack of breathing and blood circulation.

It is necessary to distinguish between the concept of clinical (imaginary) and biological (true) death due to electric shock. The duration of clinical death is determined by the time from the moment the cardiac activity and breathing ceases until the death of brain cells begins. In healthy people exposed to electric current, the state of clinical death does not exceed 7–8 minutes. When a person remains without signs of life for a longer period of time, irreversible changes occur in the cells and tissues of the body, i.e. biological (true) death occurs.

The damaging effect of current on the human body depends on many factors: the magnitude of the current, the duration of its effect, the type and frequency of the current, the path of the current in the human body and the individual properties of the person.

Current value passing through the human body is the main factor determining the severity of electrical injuries. There are three degrees of influence of current on the human body and three threshold values ​​corresponding to them: tangible, non-releasing and fibrillation effects.

Sensible current- an electric current that causes noticeable irritation as it passes through the body. A person begins to feel the effects of alternating current at industrial frequency
(f= 50 Hz) in the form of a slight “itching” and slight tingling when it is
the value will reach 0.6...1.5 mA. Direct current is felt at values ​​of 6...7 mA. A tangible current causes mild (or painful) irritation in a person, and a person can independently free himself from a wire or live part that is energized. The current values ​​indicated are the threshold perceptible currents.

Non-releasing current- an electric current that, when passing through a person, causes uncontrollable convulsive muscle contractions. The value of the threshold non-releasing current is for alternating current from 10 to 15 mA and for direct current from 50 to 60 mA. At such current values, a person can no longer independently disconnect from the electrical circuit.

Fibrillation current- an electric current that causes cardiac fibrillation as it passes through the body. The threshold value of fibrillation current is 100 mA for alternating current and 300 mA for constant current with a duration of action from 1 to 2 seconds along the “arm-arm” or “arm-legs” path.

Cardiac fibrillation is chaotic multi-temporal contractions of cardiac muscle fibers (fibrils), during which blood circulation stops.

The danger of electric shock due to cardiac fibrillation depends on which phase of the cardiac cycle coincides with the time of passage of the current through the heart area. If the duration of current passage is equal to or exceeds the time of the cardiac cycle (0.75...1.0 s), then the current “meets” all phases of the heart (including the most vulnerable), which is very dangerous for the body. If the time of exposure to current is less than the duration of the cardiac cycle by 0.5 s or more, then the probability of the moment of current passing coinciding with the most vulnerable phase of the heart, and therefore the risk of injury, is sharply reduced. Reducing the duration of exposure to electric current reduces the risk of injury to a person due to certain features of the heart.

Picture 1 – Cardiocycle of one period

In every cardiac cycle (Figure 1) there is a period of systole (from the Greek systole - abbreviation), when the ventricles of the heart contract (QRS wave) and push blood into the arterial vessels. During the time corresponding to the ventricular Q-R-S-T complex, the heart muscle is inexcitable. Phase T corresponds to the end of ventricular contraction, and they enter a relaxed state. During diastole (from the Greek diastole - expansion), the ventricles fill with blood. Phase P corresponds to atrial contraction. It has been established that the heart is most sensitive to the effects of electric current during the T phase of the cardiac cycle, and vice versa, electric current is least dangerous for the heart during the R period, and that fibrillation most often occurs if the moment of electrical injury coincides with the increasing part of the T phase, the duration of which is 0. 15…0.2 s. As the duration of exposure to electric current decreases, the likelihood of such a coincidence becomes less, and therefore the risk of cardiac fibrillation decreases. This circumstance is used in high-speed residual current devices, in which the response time is less than 0.2 s.

electrical installations. (*) Officials...

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... atoperationelectrical installations atoperationelectrical installations...towards personnel electrical safety

Interindustry rules on labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations with amendments and additions

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... atoperationelectrical installations atoperationelectrical installations...towards personnel electrical safety

Document

... atoperationelectrical installations(2nd ed., revised and supplemented - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1989) and Safety Regulations atoperationelectrical installations...towards personnel electrical safety are minimal and the decision of the manager...

Interindustry rules on labor protection (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations pot r m-016-2001 rd 153-34 0-03 150-00

Document

... atoperationelectrical installations(2nd ed., revised and supplemented - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1989) and Safety Regulations atoperationelectrical installations...towards personnel electrical safety are minimal and the decision of the manager...

Personnel authorized to operate and maintain electrical installations must:

Have professional training appropriate to the nature of the work. In the absence of professional training, such employees must be trained (before being allowed to work independently) in specialized personnel training centers;

Pass a medical examination.

Before being allowed to work independently, undergo training in methods of freeing a victim from the effects of electric current and providing first aid in case of accidents;

Complete on-the-job training to the extent necessary for the given profession (position). Electrical technical personnel, before being allowed to work independently or when moving to another job (position), as well as during a break in work for more than one year, are required to undergo on-the-job training. The training program is drawn up by the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the department and approved by the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the enterprise;

Pass the test of knowledge of MPOT (PB), EEC, PTEEP and other regulatory and technical documents (rules and instructions for technical operation, fire safety, use of protective equipment, installation of electrical installations) within the limits of the requirements for the relevant position or profession.;

Complete an on-the-job internship lasting at least 2 weeks. Admission to internship and independent work for engineers is issued by order of the organization, for workers - by department; - obtain permission to work independently (in writing).

Assignment of an electrical safety group is a necessary condition to obtain permission to service and operate existing ones. Electrical personnel who have undergone a medical examination, special training and knowledge testing are assigned an electrical safety group (from II to V) depending on their work experience in electrical installations, education, theoretical knowledge and practical work skills. Initially, a person in electrical engineering may be assigned group II. Electrical safety groups can only be assigned sequentially; you cannot “jump” over a group. Persons under 18 years of age are not permitted to be assigned to a group higher than II.

Types of effects of lightning on humans and industrial facilities

Lightning is an electrical discharge several kilometers long that develops between a thundercloud and the ground or some ground structure.

The effects of lightning are usually divided into two main groups: primary, caused by a direct lightning strike, and secondary, induced by nearby lightning discharges or carried into the object by extended metal communications. A direct lightning strike causes the following effects on an object:

Electrical, associated with electric shock to people or animals and the appearance of overvoltages on the affected elements. The overvoltage is proportional to the amplitude and slope of the lightning current, the inductance of structures and the resistance of the grounding conductors through which the lightning current is discharged into the ground. Even with lightning protection, direct lightning strikes with high currents and steepness can lead to overvoltages of several megavolts. In the absence of lightning protection, the paths of lightning current spreading are uncontrollable and its strike can create a danger of electric shock, dangerous step and touch voltages, and overlap to other objects;

Thermal, associated with a sharp release of heat during direct contact of the lightning channel with the contents of the object and when lightning current flows through the object. The energy released in the lightning channel is determined by the transferred charge, the duration of the flash and the amplitude of the lightning current; and in 95% of cases of lightning discharges, this energy (calculated for a resistance of 1 Ohm) exceeds 5.5 J, it is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the minimum ignition energy of most gas, steam and dust-air mixtures used in industry.;

Mechanical, caused by a shock wave propagating from the lightning channel, and electrodynamic forces acting on conductors with lightning currents. This effect can cause, for example, thin metal tubes to flatten. Contact with a lightning channel can cause sudden vapor or gas formation in some materials, followed by mechanical destruction, such as splitting wood or cracking concrete.

Secondary manifestations of lightning are associated with the effect of close discharges on an object in the electromagnetic field. Usually this field is considered in the form of two components: the first is caused by the movement of charges in the lightning leader and channel, the second is due to the change in lightning current over time. These components are sometimes called electrostatic and electromagnetic induction.

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Question. What is the procedure for training personnel for independent maintenance of electrical installations?

Answer. Persons hired to perform work in electrical installations must have professional training appropriate to the nature of the work. In the absence of such training, they must be trained (before being allowed to work independently) in specialized personnel training centers according to a special 72-hour program that meets the requirements for the knowledge of Group II personnel in electrical safety.

Before being allowed to work independently, electrical technical personnel must be trained in how to free a victim from the effects of electric current and provide emergency resuscitation and first aid.

Upon completion of training, employees are tested on their knowledge of the Rules for the operation of electrical installations of consumers, Inter-industry rules on labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations, operational, job descriptions and instructions on labor protection.

After testing the knowledge, each employee of the operational and maintenance personnel undergoes on-the-job training (duplication) for at least 2 weeks under the guidance of an experienced employee, after which he can be allowed to work independently.

The trainee can carry out operational switching, inspections or other work in the electrical installation only with the permission and under the supervision of the trainee.

Responsibility for the correct actions of the trainee and his compliance with safety regulations lies with the trainer and the trainee himself.

Admission to internships and independent work is carried out for engineering and technical workers by order of the enterprise, for workers - by order of the workshop.

No duplication is required for maintenance personnel.

Professional training of personnel, advanced training, testing of knowledge and briefings are carried out in accordance with the requirements of state and industry regulations on the organization of labor protection and safe work of personnel.

An employee’s health status is checked before being hired, and also periodically, in the manner prescribed by the Russian Ministry of Health.

Question. What are the deadlines for regular tests of knowledge of Safety Rules and operating rules for personnel operating electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V and higher?

Answer. Work in existing electrical installations is carried out along with approval, by order, according to the list of works performed in the order of current operation.

Unauthorized work is not allowed, as well as expansion of jobs and the scope of the task determined by the work order or order. Carrying out work on electrical installations in the coverage area of ​​another work order must be coordinated with the person conducting the work on this work order or issuing the work order. Approval is completed before the workplace is prepared

A note in the margin of the order (near Table 2) reads “agreed” and the signature of the person approving.

Repairs of electrical equipment above 1000 V, work on live parts without removing voltage in electrical installations above 1000 V, as well as repairs of overhead lines regardless of voltage, as a rule, must be carried out according to technological maps or a work execution plan (WPP).

Question. What conditions must be met when working under voltage in electrical installations up to 1000 V?

Answer. In electrical installations up to 1000 V, when working under voltage, it is necessary to protect other live parts located near the workplace that are energized, which may be accidentally touched, to work in dielectric galoshes or standing on an insulating stand or on a rubber dielectric carpet, to use an insulated tool for work ( Screwdrivers must have an insulated shaft), use dielectric gloves.

It is not allowed to work in clothes with short or rolled up sleeves, or to use hacksaws, files, a metal meter, etc.

Question. What organizational measures ensure the safety of work in electrical installations with voltages up to and above 1000 V?

Answer. Organizational measures to ensure safe work in electrical installations are:

Registration of work with a work permit or order or list of work performed in the order of current operation;

Permission to work;

Supervision during work;

Registration of a break from work, transfer to another workplace and termination of work.

Question. What is a work permit for work in electrical installations with voltages up to and above 1000 V?

Answer. A work order is a written assignment for work in electrical installations, defining the place, time of start and end of work, the conditions for its safe conduct, the composition of the team and persons responsible for the safety of work.

Question. Who has the right to issue orders and give orders?

Answer. The right to issue orders and instructions is granted to persons from the electrical technical personnel of the organization who have electrical safety group V in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V and IV in installations with voltages up to 1000 V.

In the absence of persons who have the right to issue orders when working to prevent accidents and eliminate them, it is allowed to issue orders and orders by workers with group IV from the operational and maintenance personnel of a given electrical installation. Granting this personnel the right to issue work orders is formalized in writing by the head of the organization.

Question. Who are responsible for work safety?

Answer. Responsible for safe work performance are:

Issuing work permit, giving orders, approving the list of works performed in the order of current operation;

Permissive;

Responsible work manager;

Work producer;

Watching;

Team member.

Granting the rights of the issuer of an order, order; allowing; responsible work manager; work producer; observation is carried out on the written instructions of the head of the organization.

Question. What is the responsibility of the person issuing the order or issuing the order?

Answer. The person issuing the order, giving the order, determines the need and possibility of performing the work safely. Responsible for the sufficiency and correctness of the safety measures specified in the work order, for the qualitative and quantitative composition of the team and the appointment of responsible persons, as well as for the compliance of the work performed with the electrical safety groups of the workers listed in the work order.

Question. When is a responsible manager appointed and what is he responsible for?

Answer. A responsible work manager is appointed when working in electrical installations above 1000 V. In electrical installations up to 1000 V, a responsible manager may not be appointed. The responsible work manager is responsible for the implementation of all safety measures specified in the work order and their sufficiency, for the additional safety measures taken by him, for the completeness and quality of the targeted briefing of the team, including those carried out by the permitter and the manufacturer of the work, as well as for organizing the safe conduct of work.

Administrative and technical personnel with group V are appointed as responsible performers of the work. In cases where individual work (stages of work) must be performed under the supervision and control of the responsible work manager, the issuing order must make an entry about this in the “Individual instructions” line of the work order.

Question. When performing what kind of work in electrical installations is a responsible work manager appointed?

Answer. A responsible work manager is appointed when performing work using machinery and lifting machines; with disconnection of electrical equipment (except for work in electrical installations where the voltage is removed from all live parts, in electrical installations with a simple and clear diagram); on cable power lines and cable communication lines in areas where communications and heavy traffic are located; when two or more teams are working simultaneously; for repair of overhead lines. The need to appoint a responsible work manager is determined by the issuing order, who is allowed to appoint a responsible work manager for other works in addition to those listed.

Question. What are the responsibilities of the admitter and what is he responsible for?

Answer. The person admitting is responsible for the correctness and sufficiency of the safety measures taken and their compliance with the measures specified in the work order, the nature and place of work, for the correct admission to work, as well as for the completeness and quality of the brigade briefing he conducts.

Admitters are appointed from the operational and maintenance personnel. In electrical installations above 1000 V, the permitting device must have group IV, and in electrical installations up to 1000 V - group III. The person admitting must be admitted to operational switching by an administrative document of the head of the organization.

Question. What is the work contractor responsible for?

Answer. The work performer is responsible for compliance of the prepared workplace with the instructions of the work order, additional safety measures required by the working conditions; for the clarity and completeness of instructions to team members; for the availability, serviceability and correct use of the necessary protective equipment, tools, equipment and devices; for the safety of fences, posters, grounding, and locking devices in the workplace; for the safe conduct of work and compliance with safety rules by himself and the team members; for constant monitoring of team members.

The manufacturer of work carried out alongside in electrical installations above 1000 V must have group IV, and in electrical installations up to 1000 V - group III, except for work in underground structures where the appearance of harmful gases is possible, work under voltage, work on re-tensioning and replacement of wires overhead line up to 1000 V, suspended on line supports with voltage above 1000 V, for which the work operator must have group IV.

The manufacturer of work performed by order may have group III in all electrical installations, except for measuring the voltage on the shaft and the insulation resistance of the rotor of a working generator, which must be performed by two workers with groups IV and III.

Question. In what cases is a supervisor appointed and for what is he responsible?

Answer. An observer is appointed to supervise teams of workers who do not have the right to work independently in electrical installations.

The observer is responsible for ensuring that the prepared workplace complies with the instructions of the work order; for the presence and safety of groundings, fences, posters, and drive locking devices installed at the workplace; for the safety of team members in relation to electric shock from the electrical installation.

An employee with group III can be appointed as an observer.

Responsible for safety related to work technology is the employee leading the team, who is part of it and must be constantly at the workplace. His last name is indicated in the “Separate instructions” line of the order.

Question. What are the members of the brigade responsible for?

Answer. Each team member must comply with safety rules and instructions received upon admission to work and during work, as well as the requirements of local labor protection regulations.

Question. Is it possible to combine the duties of responsible persons?

Answer. One of the combinations of responsibilities of those responsible for safety is allowed:

outstanding outfit Can combine the duties of: responsible work manager, work foreman who allows electrical installations without local operating personnel;

responsible work manager - a manufacturer of work who allows electrical installations to be carried out without local operating personnel;

work producer from operational and repair personnel - allowing in electrical installations with a simple and clear diagram;

work producer with group IV of the personnel servicing relay protection devices, electrical automation - allowing, while he determines the safety measures necessary to prepare the workplace; such a combination is permitted if the preparation of the workplace does not require disconnections, grounding, or installation of temporary fences in the electrical installation above 1000 V.

A member of the operational and repair staff may perform the duties of a team member.

On overhead lines of all voltage levels, it is allowed for the responsible manager or repair personnel to combine the duties of a worker in those cases where, to prepare the workplace, it is only necessary to check the absence of voltage and install portable grounding connections at the work site without operating switching devices,

Question. What is the procedure for obtaining a permit?

Answer. The permission slip is issued in two copies, and when transmitted by telephone or radio, in triplicate. In the latter case, the issuing order issues one copy, and the person receiving the text in the form of a telephone or radio message, fax or email, fills out two copies of the order and, after checking back, indicates his surname and initials at the place of signature of the person issuing the order, confirming the correctness of the entry with his signature.

In cases where the work performer is appointed at the same time as an admitter, the work order, regardless of the method of transmission, is filled out in two copies, one of which remains with the person who issued the work order.

Question. How many orders can be issued to those responsible for work safety?

Answer. The number of orders issued to one responsible work manager is determined by the issuing order. The permitter and the work supervisor (supervisor) may be issued several orders and orders at once for alternate admission and work on them.

Question. What is the validity period of the order?

Answer. It is allowed to issue a work order for a period of no more than 15 calendar days.
days from the date of commencement of work. The assignment can be extended once for a period of not
more than 15 calendar days from the date of extension. During breaks from work
the series remains valid. The employee who issued the order can extend the work order.
this work order, or another employee who has the right to issue a work order for work in this electrical installation. Permission to extend the work order can be conveyed by telephone, radio or courier to the permitting, responsible manager and foreman of the work; who in this case, with his signature, indicates in the work order the surname and initials of the employee who extended the work order.

Question. For which jobs is the work order valid for one day?

Answer. It is allowed to call one outfit for one day to alternately carry out the same type of work at several substations or several connections of one substation. Such work includes: wiping insulators; tightening of contact connections; sampling and adding oil; switching branches of transformer windings; testing of relay protection devices, electrical automation, measuring instruments; high voltage test from an external source; checking insulators with a measuring rod; Finding the location of the cable line damage.

Admission to each substation and each connection is issued in a work order. Each of the substations is allowed to be put into operation only after complete completion of work on it according to this work order.

Question. Is it allowed to work in electrical installations up to 1000 V one at a time at all connections?

Answer. In electrical installations up to 1000 V, with the voltage completely removed from all current-carrying parts, it is allowed to work one at a time on switchgear busbars, distribution boards, assemblies, as well as on all connections simultaneously.

Question. For which jobs is it permissible to issue one work order?

Answer. One work order for simultaneous or alternate performance of work at different workplaces of one or several connections of one electrical installation may be issued in the following cases:

When laying and relaying power and control cables, testing electrical equipment, checking protection devices, measurements, blocking, electrical automation, telemechanics, communications, etc.;

When repairing switching devices of one connection, including when their drives are located in another room;

When repairing a separate cable in a tunnel, collector, well, trench, pit;

When repairing cables (no more than two), carried out in two pits or switchgear and a nearby pit, when the location of workplaces allows the work manager to supervise the team.

At the same time, the dispersal of team members across different workplaces is allowed. Registration of transfer from one workplace to another is not required in the work order.

All workplaces are prepared before admission. It is not allowed to prepare for switching on any of the connections, or test electric motors until the work on the job is completed.

If the team is dispersed among different work places, one or more team members with group III are allowed to stay separately from the work foreman. Members of the team who will be separated from the work manager must be brought to the workplace and instructed about the safety measures that must be observed when performing work.

Question. How is work organized in switchgears on cable line sections?

Answer. Work on terminations and terminations of cable lines located in distribution devices ah, are carried out according to orders issued by the personnel servicing the switchgear. Permission to work on cable lines is carried out by personnel servicing the switchgear.

Work on cable lines passing through the territory and cable structures of distribution devices is carried out according to orders issued by personnel servicing cable lines. Admission is carried out by personnel servicing cable lines after receiving permission from the operational or operational maintenance personnel servicing the switchgear.

Question. How is an order issued for work on electrical installations?

Answer. The order is of a one-time nature, its validity period is determined by the length of the executors’ working day. If it is necessary to continue the work, if its conditions or the composition of the team changes, the order is given again. If there are breaks in work during the day, re-entry is carried out by the work manager. The order and permission to work are documented in the Work Record Book for work orders and orders and in the Operational Journal.

The order for work is given to the work contractor and the permitter. In electrical installations without local operating personnel, in cases where access to the workplace is not required, the order can be given directly to the person performing the work. Work, the execution of which is provided for by order, may, at the discretion of the person issuing the order, be carried out according to the order. An order may be issued for work in turn on several electrical installations (connections).

Question. What work according to the regulations can be carried out in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V?

Answer. By order, emergency work lasting no more than 1 hour can be carried out in electrical installations above 1000 V by operational and maintenance personnel or under their supervision, excluding the time for preparing the workplace.

A senior person from the operational or operational-repair personnel, a work performer or an observer performing work or supervising those working in electrical installations above 1000 V must have group IV, team members - group III.

Before work, all technical measures to prepare the workplace, determined by the person issuing the order, are carried out.

It is also permissible, by order, to carry out work on an electric motor from which the cable is disconnected and its ends are closed and grounded; on a generator, from the terminals of which the buses and cables are disconnected; in switchgears on evacuated switchgear trolleys, in which the compartment curtains are locked.

One employee with group III is allowed to:

Landscaping of the outdoor switchgear area, mowing grass, clearing snow from roads and passages;

Repair and maintenance of wired - radio and telephone communication devices, lighting wiring and fittings located outside the switchgear chambers at a height of no more than 2.5 m;

Renewal of inscriptions on equipment casings and fences outside the chambers of switchgears;

Monitoring the drying of transformers, generators and other equipment taken out of service;

Maintenance of oil purification and other equipment when cleaning and drying oil;

Work on electric motors and mechanical parts of fans and oil pumps of transformers and compressors.

Question. What work according to the regulations can be carried out in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V?

Answer. It is allowed to carry out work on electrical installations up to 1000 V, except for work on the busbars of switchgears and connections through which voltage can be supplied to the busbars, on overhead lines using lifting mechanisms, including maintenance of the external lighting network.

In electrical installations up to 1000 V, located in premises, except those that are especially dangerous in terms of electric shock to people, an employee with group III, who has the right to be a work performer, can work alone.

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Introduction
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On State Energy Supervision". System of state energy supervision in the Russian Federation. Tasks, functions and structure of Mosgosenergonadzor. Relationships between state energy supervision authorities and electricity consumers. Features of training and testing the knowledge of electrical personnel. Goals, content and sequence of studying the course. Methodological recommendations for preparing for the knowledge test and recording the test results.

Section 1. Electrical management
Topic 1.1. Training of personnel for operation of electrical installations
Duties and responsibility of consumers for compliance with the norms and rules for the safe operation of electrical installations. Selection of electrical and electrical engineering personnel. Periodic medical examinations workers. Conducting training on labor safety and fire safety. Training and testing of knowledge of electrical and electrical engineering personnel. Ensuring labor safety of personnel, environment when operating electrical installations. The procedure for appointing the person responsible for electrical equipment and his deputy. Features of assigning responsibilities to those responsible for safe operation electrical installations for the head of the Consumer. Responsibilities of electrical and electrical engineering personnel. Assignment of electrical safety group I to non-electrical personnel. Assignment of electrical safety group II (III, IV, V) to electrical and electrical engineering personnel. Mandatory forms of work with electrical and electrical engineering personnel. Types of knowledge tests. Requirements for the commission to test the knowledge of electrical and electrical engineering personnel.
Topic 1.2. Electrical control system
Organization of development and maintenance of necessary documentation on the operation of electrical installations. Organization of operational maintenance of electrical installations and liquidation emergency situations. Operational development power supply schemes for the Consumer to meet his electricity needs. Improving energy production and implementing energy saving measures. Introduction and development new technology, technology of operation and repair, effective and safe methods of organizing production and labor. Operational management of electrical equipment. Use of automated control systems in the energy sector. Procedure for compilation general schemes electricity supply Completing workplaces in electrical installations.

Section 2. Electrical installations
Topic 2.1. Basic principles of electrical engineering
Electrical circuits direct current. Classification of electrical circuits. Potential distribution in an electrical circuit. Sources of electricity. Ohm's law. Kirchhoff's laws and their application. Calculation methods and properties of electrical circuits.
AC electrical circuits. Representation of sinusoidal functions in various forms. Electrical elements and parameters of electrical circuits. Circuit power. Three-phase circuits. Multiphase power supplies. Parameters of a three-phase electrical circuit. Power balance. Branched electrical circuits. Rotating magnetic field. The principle of operation of electric machines.
Electrical circuits of non-sinusoidal current. Nonlinear electrical and magnetic circuits. Symmetrical components of a three-phase system. Measurements of electrical quantities.

Topic 2.2. General provisions electrical installation rules
Terminology in the electric power industry. Alphanumeric and color designations in electrical installations. Classification of premises in relation to the danger of electric shock to people. Categories of electrical receivers to ensure reliability of power supply. Classification of electrical installations in relation to safety measures. Characteristics of electrical installations of TN-C, TN-S, TN-C-S, IT, TT systems. Measures to protect against direct contact. Protective measures for indirect contact. Grounding devices for electrical installations. Insulation of electrical installations.
Topic 2.3. Electrical equipment of residential and public buildings
Input devices, distribution boards, distribution points, group panels. Internal wiring. Internal electrical equipment. Protective security measures. General requirements to electric lighting. Implementation and protection of lighting networks. Emergency lighting. Interior lighting. Outdoor Lighting. Illuminated advertising, signs and illumination. Lighting control. Lighting and electrical installation devices. Electrical installations of entertainment enterprises, clubs and sports institutions. Electrothermal and electric welding installations.
Topic 2.4. Electrical equipment of switchgears of substations and electrical networks. Mobile electrical installations
Electrical equipment of switchgears in electrical rooms, industrial premises and outdoors. Open and closed switchgears and substations. Converter substations and installations. Installation of electrical equipment in electrical rooms. Protection and automation of electrical networks, telemechanics. Secondary circuits of electrical installations.
Cable power lines (selection of installation method; selection of cables). Connections and terminations of cables. Laying cables in the ground, wells, tunnels and cable structures.
Overhead power lines. Wires and fittings. Arrangement of wires on supports. Dimensions, intersections and convergences. Passage of overhead lines through populated and unpopulated areas. Security zones VL and CL. Mobile electrical installations. Features of connecting electricity consumers to mobile electrical installations. Portable electrical receivers. Classes of electrical receivers. Features of connecting portable electrical receivers to electrical network. Electrical equipment for special installations.

Section 3. Operation of consumer electrical installations
Topic 3.1. Technical operation of electrical installations
Maintenance, repair, modernization and reconstruction of electrical installation equipment. Drawing up annual schedules for repairs of capital equipment. Technical diagnostics. Providing the Consumer with spare parts and materials. Operation of power transformers, reactors, switchgears and substations, overhead and cable power lines, electric motors, relay protection, electrical automation, telemechanics and secondary circuits, grounding devices, electric lighting. Technical operation of electrical installations special purpose. Procedure and standards for testing electrical equipment and devices of the Consumer's electrical installations.
Topic 3.2. Admission of electrical installations into operation, elimination of accidents and failures in the operation of electrical installations
The procedure for admitting new and reconstructed electrical installations into operation. The procedure for admitting electrical installations with seasonal maintenance. Acceptance tests of electrical installations.
Instructions for investigating and recording violations in the operation of energy facilities of electricity consumers. Types of accidents at energy facilities. Procedure for eliminating accidents in electrical installations. Accounting for accidents and other violations of the normal operation of electrical installations. Failures in the operation of electrical equipment. Organization of repair of electrical equipment.

Section 4. Methods and means of protection in electrical installations
Topic 4.1. Methods of protection in electrical installations
Application in electrical installations of basic insulation of live parts. Maintaining safe distances to live parts. Application of fencing and closing devices. Application of device locking and fencing devices. Ensuring reliable and fast automatic shutdown of emergency mode of electrical installations. Application of proper voltage in electrical installations. The use of devices for signaling the strength of electric fields to acceptable values. Use of warning alarms, inscriptions, posters.
Topic 4.2. Protective equipment in electrical installations
Classification of protective equipment. Use of protective equipment and devices. The procedure for maintaining, monitoring the condition and using protective equipment. Requirements for protective equipment and devices. Frequency and standards for testing dielectric protective equipment. Requirements for electrical laboratories. Means of protection against high-tension electric fields. Facilities personal protection. Rules for the use of protective equipment. Standards for equipping with protective equipment.

Section 5. Electricity metering and energy saving
Topic 5.1. Use of electricity
Limits of responsibility between the consumer and the energy supply organization. Contents of the agreement for the use of electricity between the subscriber and the energy supply organization, and between the subscriber and the sub-subscriber. Power outage conditions. Responsibility of the energy supplying organization to the subscriber. Responsibilities of the subscriber when using electricity. The procedure for connecting a personal household to the network. The procedure for limiting or stopping the supply of electricity to the consumer. Procedure for payment for electricity. Electricity tariffs, the procedure for their regulation.
Topic 5.2. Electricity metering
Power quality indicators. Acceptable calculated consumer contribution to the quality of electricity. Features of consumption (generation) of reactive energy. Program for organizing power quality control. Electricity metering devices, requirements for them. Organization of operation of electricity metering devices. Metrological supervision of electricity metering devices.
Topic 5.3. Energy saving
Law of the Russian Federation "On Energy Saving". Federal program"Energy Saving of Russia". Energy efficiency indicators. Directions for increasing the efficiency of energy use in an organization. Renewable energy sources. Alternative fuels in the energy saving program.

Section 6. Ensuring safety in electrical installations
Topic 6.1. Labor protection of employees of organizations
Labor protection in the electric power industry. Basic provisions. Certification of workplaces in electrical installations. Occupational safety documentation. Investigation and recording of electrical injuries. The procedure for appointing an investigation commission, its work and recording the results of the investigation. Accounting for cases of electrical injuries and developing measures to eliminate them. Actions of the heads of the organization and structural divisions based on the results of the investigation.

Topic 6.2. Basic safety requirements when servicing electrical installations
Prompt service. Inspections of electrical installations. The procedure for recording and issuing keys to electrical installations. Manufacturing jobs. Organizational events ensuring work safety. Those responsible for the safe conduct of work, their rights and responsibilities. Technical measures to ensure the safety of work with stress relief.
Topic 6.3. The procedure for registration and performance of work in electrical installations
Organization of work according to the order. Change in brigade composition. Registration of breaks, transfers of the team to another workplace, closing of the work order. Organization of work as ordered and in the order of current operation according to the list. Making shutdowns. Prevention of erroneous or spontaneous switching on of switching devices. Checking the absence of voltage and grounding live parts. Storage and accounting of portable groundings.
Topic 6.4. Safety measures during individual works in electrical installations
Maintenance of electric motors. Work on switching devices. Maintenance of switchgears. Repair work on CL and VL. Installation and operation measuring instruments, relay protection and automation. Ensuring safety during equipment testing and measurements, working with portable electrical receivers. Work in electrical installations using mechanisms and lifting machines. Work in electrical installations involving lifting to heights. Work of seconded personnel.
Topic 6.5. Fire and explosion safety in electrical installations
Laws of the Russian Federation and Moscow "On Fire Safety".
Fire hazardous areas. Requirements for electrical equipment in fire hazardous areas. Causes of fires in electrical installations. Fire safety documentation. Fire extinguishing and alarm equipment and installations. Organization of fire protection in an organization.
Electrical installations in explosive areas. Ensuring environmental safety in electrical installations. Electric welding equipment and its operation. Requirements for battery installations. Operation of chemical power sources. Classification of lightning protection, requirements for its implementation. Hazardous effects of lightning. Protective action and protection zones of lightning rods. Operation of lightning protection means and devices.

Section 7. Providing first aid to victims
Topic 7.1. The effect of electric current and electromagnetic fields on the human body
Features of the action of current and electromagnetic fields on humans. Electrical resistance of the human body. Dependence of human body resistance on external factors and the state of the body. Clinical and biological death of a person. The influence of electrical circuit parameters (current paths and other factors) on the outcome of human injury. Normalized values ​​of current, voltage and frequency when assessing the outcome of human injury.
Topic 7.2. First aid for victims of accidents
Basic conditions for success in providing first aid. First aid sequence. Release from the action of electric current. Assessment of the victim's condition. Actions with an unconscious victim. Transporting the victim. Ways to revive the body in case of sudden death. First aid for injuries, thermal and chemical burns, gas poisoning and other cases. System for organizing the provision of assistance to victims in institutions with production premises.