In any enterprise or organizational structure, if the number of employees exceeds 50 people, it is necessary to introduce the position of an occupational safety specialist or create an entire staff service. What the labor protection service will do must be indicated in the regulation on it.

The position of an OT engineer has been introduced in the structure of the organization or a whole group of people is working in this direction. The regulation on the labor protection service regulates their activities.

The list of areas regulated by the document:

• determines the type of activity of the employees of the service, their occupation during the working day;
• what rights and obligations employees have;
• tasks assigned to the work of the service;
• requirements for employees and their training;
• what objects need to be controlled and what is the responsibility.

This is the main meaning of the development of a local act; other nuances can also be introduced into it.

Who is responsible for developing

The development of the document is entrusted, as a rule, to the chief engineer of the enterprise, but he has the right to shift such responsibilities to another official. When preparing the act, it is necessary to take into account the time standards for verification and development of documents. It is allowed to take a standard document as a sample.

Regulations on the security service: general points

Management in the field of labor protection is assigned to the head of the facility or another official in accordance with the order.

1. Specifies who the service reports to. As a rule, this is the head or his deputies.
2. Service organization. As a rule, this is a separate unit with its own head.
3. The order of interaction with the heads of sections, inspection bodies, employees is assigned to the service.
4. List what standards to use in work (Rules, GOSTs, standards, specifications, standard documents, etc.).

About the main tasks

It is important to correctly indicate in the position what main tasks are assigned to the employees of the service.

These include:

1. Competent organization of work on health and safety in the organizational structure.
2. Monitoring compliance with safety requirements by the employees of the unit on a planned and unplanned basis, including checking how overalls and PPE are used. Everything must match local acts, for example, a collective agreement, agreements, instructions and other documents.
3. The procedure for the implementation of preventive measures.
4. Timely informing employees about amendments to bills and instructions.
5. Constant enrichment of knowledge and gaining experience from colleagues from other organizational structures.

About the service

In order for the service to perform all the assigned tasks, they must first be determined, and this moment is also indicated in the position.

1. Maintaining reporting documentation on accounting and the state of injuries in the unit, as well as occupational diseases and the occurrence of emergency situations.
2. Assistance in carrying out measurements of harmful components by laboratories.
3. Implementation of organizational moments for special evaluation conditions labor process.
4. Checking the status of protective and interlocking devices on process equipment.
5. Participation in the commissioning of facilities after reconstruction or newly built.
6. Ensuring the coordination of design and technological documentation.
7. Providing methodological assistance in instructing employees, as well as in the development of instructions, memos or other manuals.
8. Participate in the development of a collective agreement.
9. Accompanying medical examinations.
10. Control of the use of protective equipment in the workplace, both individual and collective.
11. Organization of work on the investigation of emergency situations and accidents.
12. The conclusion of contractual relations with social insurance for the payment of contributions to victims as a result of an occupational disease or accident.
13. Preparation of reports in the field of OT.
14. And other functions.

About rights

Employees of the OT service have the rights to:

• visit at any time to any site at the facility to which they are assigned;
• record the facts of identified shortcomings in the instructions or record in the journal of the first stage of control, while informing the head;
• hold employees accountable for violation of labor protection requirements;
• stop work in the areas if there is a danger;
• provide information on rewarding employees for fulfilling OT requirements in full.

The rights of a labor protection specialist are enshrined in the regulation on the service

How you can develop a position in 2018

• basic information or general provisions;
• what areas of work are expected for engineers;
• what is the main purpose of the OT service at the facility;
• what are the main functions of OT staff;
• about rights and obligations;
• what is the responsibility for non-fulfillment of requirements and excesses of authority.

At the same time, they are guided by all laws and regulations, taking into account the changes and additions made to them.

What types of documents on labor protection should be in the organization, see here:

Order of approval

The regulation on the service cannot exist by itself, it must be put into effect by an administrative document. In connection with this circumstance:

1. An order is being prepared, which clearly and concisely indicates that the local act is being put into effect.
2. After this document is sent for legal examination. Comments are eliminated and the act is agreed with interested parties.
3. After the administrative document is approved by the head of the facility.

Now the document has been signed, it turns out that the provision is also valid and has legal force.

About the order of familiarization

So, order on the entry into force of the regulation has been prepared and the regulation itself has also been approved. Next, employees should be familiarized with the documents:

• the manager familiarizes himself with the local act and leaves a resolution on familiarization of all employees, which is entrusted to the personnel officer;
• the personnel officer draws up a list of employees and introduces everyone under the signature.

Now everyone is familiar with the situation.

In order not to think about how to properly prepare a document, it is enough to take a typical one as a basis, and also write down all the information related to a specific structure there.

Find out about the model regulation on the labor protection management system here:

Question form, write your

Regulations on the labor protection service

I approve:

General Director of LLC "Citron"

Ivanov I.I.

1. General Provisions

1.1. In order to organize work on labor protection, a labor protection service is being created at Citron LLC.

1.2. The Occupational Safety and Health Service reports directly to the General Director.

1.3. The composition of the labor protection service (see the structure of the organization of labor protection):

OT Engineer.

1.4. The labor protection service is headed by an labor protection engineer who organizes the work and is responsible for the implementation of these Regulations, guided in his activities by the current legislation.

1.5. For training and briefing on labor protection and safety, a room is organized, equipped with the necessary regulatory legal and reference literature, visual, printed, technical and other teaching aids.

1.6. Periodically (once every three years) the knowledge on labor protection is tested. Newly hired employees are tested in in due course in accordance with job responsibilities.

2. The main directions of work of the labor protection service

The main areas of work of the labor protection service are:

2.1. Organization of work to ensure that employees comply with labor protection requirements.

2.2. Control over compliance by employees with laws and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection, the collective agreement.

2.3. Operational control over the state of labor protection and training on labor protection issues.

2.4. Organization of preventive work to prevent injuries and occupational diseases and work to improve working conditions.

2.5. Participation in the planning of labor protection measures, drafting statistical reporting according to the established forms, maintaining documentation.

2.6. Study and dissemination of best practices in labor protection, promotion of labor protection issues.

2.7. Conducting briefings, training, testing knowledge on labor protection of employees.

2.8. Informing and advising employees on labor protection issues.

3. Functions of the labor protection service

In accordance with the main areas of work, the following functions are assigned to the labor protection service:

3.1. Identification of dangerous and harmful production factors.

3.2. Analysis of the state and causes of injuries.

3.3. Carrying out measurements of the parameters of dangerous and harmful factors during the certification of workplaces for working conditions, certification of educational premises.

3.4. Informing employees and students about the state of working and study conditions, the measures taken to protect against exposure to hazardous and harmful factors in the workplace.

3.5. Carrying out checks and surveys technical condition buildings, structures, equipment for compliance with their requirements of rules and regulations on labor protection, the efficiency of ventilation systems, sanitary and technical devices.

3.6. Development of measures to prevent accidents and occupational diseases, improve working conditions, as well as action plans aimed at eliminating violations of labor safety rules noted in the instructions of supervisory and control bodies.

3.7. Drawing up lists of professions and positions, in accordance with which employees must undergo mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations.

3.8. Development of new and revision current instructions on labor protection.

3.9. Development of a program and conducting an introductory briefing on labor protection with all newly hired employees.

3.10. Providing methodological assistance in organizing and conducting briefings: primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted.

3.11. Participation in the organization of training and knowledge testing on labor protection of school employees.

3.12. Participation in the development and implementation of more advanced designs of fencing equipment, safety and blocking devices, as well as other means of protection against the effects of hazardous and harmful factors.

3.13. Preparation of reports on labor protection in accordance with established forms and deadlines.

3.14. Provision of the necessary educational and visual aids, technical training aids, rules, regulations, posters on labor protection.

3.15. Exercising control over:

Implementation of the activities of the section "Conditions, labor protection and safety" of the collective agreement, activities aimed at creating healthy and safe working conditions;

Compliance with the requirements of legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection, the availability of instructions on labor protection;

Bringing to the attention of employees and students new legislative and other legal acts on labor protection that are being put into effect;

Compliance with the established procedure for certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions and certification of educational and medical premises, the implementation of conclusions on the protocols for measuring the parameters of dangerous and harmful factors;

Timely carrying out the necessary tests and technical examinations equipment, machines and mechanisms;

The efficiency of the ventilation systems, the condition of the safety devices and protective devices on the working equipment;

By holding annual checks grounding of electrical installations and insulation of electrical wires in accordance with current rules and norms;

Provision, storage, washing, cleaning, repair and proper use of overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment;

Timely and high-quality training, knowledge testing and all types of briefings on labor protection for employees;

Compliance with the established procedure for investigating and recording accidents, organizing the storage of acts in the forms H-1 and H-2, other materials of investigations of accidents with employees;

Proper spending of funds allocated for the implementation of labor protection measures;

Fulfillment of instructions of state supervision and departmental control bodies.

4. The rights of employees of the labor protection service

For execution functional duties Employees of the labor protection service are granted the following rights:

4.1. Check the state of working conditions and labor protection and present officials and other responsible employees with binding instructions of the established form.

4.2. Prohibit the operation of machinery, equipment, work and the educational, medical process in places where violations of legal and regulatory acts on labor protection have been identified that pose a threat to the life and health of employees, followed by notification of the general director.

4.3. Demand written explanations from persons who have committed violations of legal and regulatory acts on labor protection.

4.4. Make proposals for dismissal from work of persons who have not passed briefings, training and testing of knowledge on labor protection, medical examination or who grossly violate the rules, norms and instructions on labor protection within the established time limits.

4.5. To take part in the consideration and discussion of issues of the state of labor protection at meetings of the trade union committee.

4.6. Submit proposals to management to encourage individual employees for active work to create safe working conditions, as well as proposals to bring to disciplinary, financial and criminal liability in accordance with the established procedure those guilty of violating legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

5. Functions of an occupational safety engineer

Labor protection engineer:

5.1. Organizes work to ensure that employees comply with labor protection requirements.

5.2. Ensures timely consideration of submitted documents, letters, proposals, statements on issues within the competence of the labor protection service.

5.3. Submits to the General Director proposals on the selection and placement of personnel in the labor protection department, on the promotion of distinguished employees or on the application disciplinary actions to employees for improper performance of their duties.

5.4. Provides systematic advanced training of employees of the labor protection service.

6. Control and responsibility

6.1. Control over the activities of the labor protection service is carried out by CEO, bodies of state supervision and control over compliance with labor protection requirements.

6.2. Employees of the labor protection service are responsible for the implementation of their official duties defined by these Regulations and job descriptions.

Are you sure that you correctly filled out the position on the labor protection service and did not make mistakes in it? And the labor inspectorate - no!

From the article you will learn:

When it is necessary to create a system and regulation on the labor protection service

Safety at work is a task for the head of the organization, which needs to be given maximum attention. The more competently the system is built, the less emergency situations arise in the course of work. Labor protection service ensures adequate risk management.

Don't miss: the main article of the month from leading specialists of the Ministry of Labor and Rostrud

Encyclopedia of labor protection "turnkey" with a unique set of mandatory samples from the Kadra System.

Specialists carry out:

1. planning and responsibility activities;
2. procedures, processes and provide resources for the development, achievement, implementation of labor protection goals;
3. analysis of the effectiveness of measures and policies on labor protection of the company.

If the number of employees in the organization exceeds 50 people, a labor protection service or a specialist position is introduced. At the same time, a regulation on the labor protection service is being prepared, which regulates the activities of employees and managers. When a company cannot keep additional specialists due to unstable financial position or for other reasons, the responsibility rests with a manager, authorized employee or third party professional.

Many small organizations, believe that the provisions of Art. 217 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation do not apply to them, since they provide services, while they do not have harmful production. But such an interpretation is considered incorrect, therefore, it threatens the employer with administrative liability and fines. Labor Code relates to production activities not only processing and manufacturing of products or raw materials, but also construction, provision of any services (part 9 of article 209 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). Thus, companies need to determine who is responsible for labor protection. If the issue is not resolved, the immediate supervisor is considered responsible.

The structure of the labor protection service and the number of its composition is determined in accordance with intersectoral standards for the number of employees. The service, depending on the number of specialists, can function as a separate structural unit or be in the form of a group. In some firms, only one person performs duties, while he can also act as a part-time job. The work is carried out in accordance with the regulation on the labor protection service.

The position in the organization on the labor protection service greatly simplifies the work. It must clearly state the tasks, rights and obligations of the employees of the unit. Position not considered a mandatory document therefore, there will be no punishment for his absence. Despite this, the document helps to solve complex issues related to the labor protection system. It must be approved by the employer, taking into account the views of the representative bodies of employees.

Download related documents:

How to draw up a position on the labor protection service

Some organizations have a standard provision on the labor protection service, which can be finalized if necessary. The document can also be drawn up individually, but it should reflect the basic information governing relations, rights and obligations, and labor functions.

The text should include:

1. general provisions;
2. the main directions of work on labor protection, the distribution of duties;
3. purpose of the service;
4. main functions;
5. rights and obligations of employees of the labor protection service;
6. responsibility of labor protection specialists.

If the number of personnel does not exceed the specified limit, the decision to create a service is made by the head of the organization (entrepreneur) at his own discretion.

It should also be borne in mind that an employer with more than 50 employees must, in without fail have your own service or full-time specialist on labor protection (part 1 of article 217 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

An employer with a number of employees not exceeding 50 people independently decides on the creation of a labor protection service or the introduction of a separate position of a labor protection specialist (part 2 of article 217 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). And in the absence of its own service or specialist, such an employer may impose labor protection obligations on itself or conclude a civil law contract with an accredited third-party organization or individual specialist.

The Ministry of Labor of Russia, in a letter dated 10.06.2016 N 15-2 / OOG-2136, explains that production activities are carried out in various forms, in different sectors of the economy by individuals and legal entities. This is an activity for the production of not only material goods, but also intangible ones, including the provision of various services in all areas.

That is, in fact, all organizations with more than 50 employees must create a labor protection service or introduce staffing the position of a labor protection specialist, who are entrusted with the functions of organizing work on labor protection in the organization.

At the same time, the manager independently decides whether to create a labor protection service for him or introduce the position of a specialist.

Number of employees

The number of employees in the field of labor protection can be determined according to the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of January 22, 2001 N 10 " On approval of intersectoral standards for the number of employees of the labor protection service in organizations (does not need state registration) ».

If the head decided to introduce a position, it is necessary to make appropriate changes to the staffing table and prepare a regulation on the labor protection service. Accordingly, an order must be issued. The candidate is presented with sufficiently high qualification requirements. A fixed-term or open-ended contract is entered into with a person hired labor contract. Obligations arising from labor function, must be reflected in job description.

Job title	Education
	Higher education in the direction of training "Technosphere safety" or other specialties, for example, in ensuring the safety of production activities. Sometimes an extra professional education in the field of labor protection.	At least two years.
	Similar requirements are imposed on education as on the training of specialists of the first category. The difference is only the length of service of the employee.	At least one year.
	Vocational education (retraining) in the field of labor protection is suitable, and it will not be superfluous to higher education in the direction of "Technosphere safety".	No requirements.

Qualification requirements for a labor protection specialist are established:

1. CEN positions of managers, specialists and employees, section " Qualification characteristics positions of managers and specialists carrying out work in the field of labor protection”, approved. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated May 17, 2012 N 559n;
2. professional standard, approved Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 04.08.2014 N 524n.

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN ON LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

RESOLUTION

ON APPROVAL OF THE MODEL PROVISION ON THE SERVICE OF LABOR PROTECTION OF AN ENTERPRISE, INSTITUTION, ORGANIZATION

For the purposes of implementation, the State Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan for Labor and Employment DECIDES:

1. Approve the Standard Regulations on the labor protection service of an enterprise, institution, organization.

2. Enterprises, institutions, organizations of all organizational - legal forms and forms of ownership, be guided by this document when developing a regulation on the labor protection service and organizing its work at an enterprise, institution, organization.

Chairman of the State
Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan
for work and employment
B.F. ZAKHAROV

STANDARD PROVISION ON THE SERVICE OF LABOR PROTECTION OF AN ENTERPRISE, INSTITUTION, ORGANIZATION

Approved
resolution
State Committee
Republic of Tatarstan
for work and employment
dated February 22, 1999 N 5

This Regulation has been developed in order to ensure a unified procedure for organizing the work of the labor protection service of an enterprise, institution and organization (hereinafter referred to as an enterprise), regardless of ownership and organizational and legal forms.

The regulation was developed in accordance with Article 10 of the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan "On labor protection in the Republic of Tatarstan", Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Tatarstan dated July 29, 1996 N 603 "On measures to improve working conditions and labor protection in the Republic of Tatarstan" and taking into account the Recommendations on the organization work of the labor protection service at the enterprise, institution and organization, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of January 30, 1995 N 6.

In accordance with this Regulation, the enterprise develops the Regulation on the labor protection service, taking into account the specifics economic activity and other characteristics of the enterprise.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The management of labor protection at the enterprise is carried out by the head (employer). To organize work on protection and working conditions, the employer creates a labor protection service.

1.2. The labor protection service (hereinafter referred to as the Service) is a separate structural unit (department, bureau) within an enterprise, consisting of a separate staff of labor protection specialists (engineers), headed by a manager (chief) and is equated in status to a production - technical services enterprises. The service may be represented by one labor protection specialist (engineer) or by a person authorized by the head to perform the functions of a labor protection specialist.

1.3. The labor protection service is directly subordinate to the head of the enterprise or, on his behalf, to one of his deputies.

1.4. In its activities, the Service is guided by laws and regulations Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan, regulatory documentation enterprises, a collective agreement, an agreement on labor protection and regulations on the labor protection service of the enterprise.

2. MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE LABOR PROTECTION SERVICE

2.1. Organization and coordination of work on protection and working conditions at the enterprise.

2.2. Monitoring compliance with legislative and regulatory legal acts on labor protection by officials and employees of the enterprise.

2.3. Carrying out preventive work to prevent industrial injuries, occupational diseases and industrial-caused diseases.

2.4. Promotion of labor protection issues at the enterprise, study and dissemination of best practices in labor protection.

2.5. Advising and informing the employer and employees on labor protection issues.

2.6. Implementation of interaction with the state authorities for labor protection, state supervision and control, public control and a higher enterprise in the field of conditions and labor protection.

3. FUNCTIONS OF THE HEALTH SERVICE

In order to fulfill the assigned tasks, the Service is entrusted with:

3.1. Identification of hazardous and harmful production factors in the workplace.

3.2. Accounting and analysis of the state and causes of industrial injuries, occupational diseases and industrial-caused diseases.

3.3. Conducting, together with representatives of the relevant departments of the enterprise and with the participation of (trusted) authorized persons for labor protection, representative bodies labor collective inspections, inspections of the technical condition of buildings, structures, equipment, machines and mechanisms, devices, means of collective and individual protection of workers, the condition of sanitary and technical devices, the efficiency of ventilation systems for compliance with regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

3.4. Development, together with the heads of departments and other services of the enterprise, of measures, plans, programs to improve working conditions, prevent industrial injuries and occupational diseases, provide organizational assistance in the implementation of planned activities.

3.5. Participation in the preparation of the section "Labor protection" of the collective agreement, agreement on labor protection.

3.6. Participation in the work of commissions for the acceptance into operation of completed construction or reconstructed industrial facilities, as well as in the commission for acceptance after repair of installations, units, production lines, machine tools and other equipment in terms of compliance with the requirements of regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

3.7. Assistance to the divisions of the enterprise in organizing and measuring the parameters of hazardous and harmful production factors.

3.8. Organization and control over the certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions and injury safety, certification of production facilities in accordance with the requirements of regulatory enactments.

3.9. Coordination of the design, technological and other documentation developed at the enterprise to the documentation in terms of compliance with the requirements for labor protection, including:

regulations on the structural divisions of the enterprise,

job descriptions for employees

enterprise standards of the SSBT system,

a list of professions and positions of employees exempted from instructing at the workplace,

list of works of increased danger,

labor protection instructions.

3.10. Development of a program and instructions for an introductory briefing, conducting an introductory briefing on labor protection with all newly hired (including temporarily), seconded, pupils and students who arrived for industrial training or practice.

3.11. Drawing up (with the participation of heads of departments and relevant services of the enterprise) a list of professions and types of work for which labor protection instructions should be developed.

3.12. Keeping records of instructions and accounting for the issuance of instructions to departments of the enterprise.

3.13. Organization of provision of subdivisions of the enterprise with regulations (rules, norms, instructions on labor protection), information and propaganda visual aids and educational materials on labor protection.

3.14. Drawing up reports on the protection and working conditions according to the established forms (7-T injuries, 1-T working conditions).

3.15. Assistance to heads of departments in compiling lists of professions and positions, in accordance with which employees must undergo mandatory preliminary (upon employment) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations.

3.16. Organization of work on compiling lists of professions and positions, in accordance with which, on the basis of current legislation, employees are provided with compensation and benefits for difficult, harmful or dangerous working conditions.

3.17. Providing methodological assistance to the heads of departments and relevant services of the enterprise in the development and revision of instructions on labor protection for employees, standards of the enterprise of the system of labor safety standards.

3.18. Providing methodological assistance in the organization of briefing at the workplace (primary, repeated, unscheduled, targeted), training and testing knowledge on labor protection.

3.19. Participation in the organization of timely training on labor protection for managers and specialists. Participation in the commission for testing knowledge on labor protection among employees of the enterprise.

3.20. Participation in the preparation of documents for the payment of compensation for harm caused to the health of an employee as a result of an accident, occupational disease in the performance of his duties.

3.21. Organization of the investigation of accidents at work in accordance with the current Regulations, participation in the commission for the investigation of an accident, execution, storage of documentation for the investigation of accidents (acts of the form H-1, etc.)

3.22. Organization and management of the work of the office for labor protection, organization of information stands, corners for labor protection in the divisions of the enterprise.

3.23. Organization and holding of labor protection days at the enterprise, in subdivisions.

3.24. Organization of work on carrying out a 3-stage control on labor protection in the divisions of the enterprise.

3.25. Conducting promotion of labor protection issues at the enterprise, using for this purpose internal radio broadcasting, internal large-circulation print, stands, shop windows on labor protection, organization of exhibitions, etc.

3.26. Bringing to the attention of employees and officials new legislative and other regulations to improve the state of conditions and labor protection, generalization and dissemination of best practices, achievements of science and technology.

3.27. Informing employees on behalf of the employer about the state of working conditions at the workplace, about harmful and dangerous production factors and the possible consequences of their impact on the employee, about benefits and compensation for working in harmful, difficult and dangerous working conditions.

3.28. Consideration of letters, applications, complaints from employees on issues of working conditions and labor protection, preparation of proposals on them to the employer, heads of departments to eliminate existing and identified shortcomings and omissions, preparation of qualified answers to the applicant, as well as on the rights, duties and responsibilities provided for by law.

3.29. Preparation and submission of proposals for the introduction of best practices, more advanced designs of fencing equipment, safety and blocking devices and other means of protection against the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors.

3.30. Analysis and generalization of proposals for spending funds on labor protection of the enterprise.

3.31. Control over:

compliance with the requirements of legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection;

provision and proper use of personal and collective protective equipment;

compliance with the Regulations on the investigation and registration of accidents at work;

implementation of activities of programs, plans to improve working conditions and labor protection, activities of the section "Labor protection" of the collective agreement, agreement on labor protection, to eliminate the causes that caused the accident (from the act of form H-1), instructions of state supervision and control bodies and others measures to create healthy and safe working conditions;

availability in the subdivisions of instructions on labor protection for employees according to the list of professions and types of work for which instructions on labor protection should be developed, their timely revision;

compliance with the schedules for measuring the parameters of hazardous and harmful production factors;

timely carrying out by the relevant services of the necessary tests and technical examinations of equipment, machines and mechanisms;

efficiency of aspiration and ventilation systems;

the state of safety devices and protective devices, the technical condition of machinery and equipment;

timeliness and quality of training, knowledge testing and all types of briefings for employees of the enterprise;

timeliness of training on labor protection for managers and specialists;

organization of storage, distribution, washing, dry cleaning, drying, dedusting, degreasing and repair of overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment;

proper spending in subdivisions of funds allocated for the implementation of labor protection measures;

the organization of the issuance of milk, medical and preventive nutrition, soap and neutralizing agents;

using the labor of women and persons under 18 in accordance with the law;

timely and correct provision of compensations and benefits to employees for work in harmful, difficult, dangerous working conditions;

sanitary and hygienic maintenance of production and auxiliary premises;

proper organization of workplaces, technological processes, warehousing materials.

4. RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES OF THE LABOR PROTECTION SERVICE

To perform their functional duties, employees of the Service have the right to:

4.1. At any time of the day, freely visit and inspect the production, service and amenity premises of the enterprise, get acquainted, within its competence, with the documents of the enterprise on labor protection issues.

4.2. Issue to the heads of departments, officials and other responsible employees mandatory instructions (Appendix N 1) on the elimination of violations of legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection identified during inspections and monitor their implementation.

4.3. Suspend the operation of production facilities, sections, machines, machine tools, equipment and other means of production, internal transport vehicles in cases that pose a threat to the life and health of workers or may lead to an accident, with notification of this to the head of the enterprise, subdivision or deputies until they are eliminated.

4.4. Require orders from the heads of departments to dismiss from work persons who do not have access to this work, who have not passed preliminary and periodic medical examinations in the prescribed manner, briefings on labor protection, internships, training and testing of knowledge on labor protection, who do not use the provided personal protective equipment, as well as violating the requirements of legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

4.5. Send to the head of the enterprise submissions on bringing to responsibility of officials who violate the requirements for ensuring conditions and labor protection.

4.6. Request and receive from the heads of departments of the enterprise the necessary information, information, documentation on labor protection issues, require written explanations from persons who have committed violations of legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

4.7. To involve, in agreement with the head of the enterprise, relevant specialists in inspections, surveys of the state of conditions and labor protection.

4.8. Submit proposals to the head of the enterprise on encouraging individual employees for active work to create healthy and safe working conditions, as well as on bringing to justice those responsible for violating legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

4.9. Represent on behalf of the management of the enterprise in state, public and other organizations when discussing issues of labor protection.

5. ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK OF THE SERVICE OF LABOR PROTECTION

5.1. The head of the company must ensure the necessary conditions for the employees of the Service to fulfill their powers.

5.2. The organization of labor of employees of the Service provides for the regulation of their job duties and the assignment to each of them of certain functions of labor protection and structural divisions of the enterprise in accordance with their job descriptions. It is not allowed to assign employees of the Service to perform work that is not related to their direct duties.

5.3. Workplace an employee of the Service must be in a separate room, provided with modern office equipment, regulatory legal and reference literature, technical means of communication and vehicle(if necessary) and equipped for the convenience of receiving visitors.

5.4. To carry out a number of functions of the Service (training, briefings, seminars, lectures, inserts, etc.) at the enterprise, it is necessary to provide an office for labor protection.

5.5. The head of the enterprise is obliged to organize for the employees of the Service a systematic training and testing of knowledge on labor protection at least once every 3 years.

5.6. The labor protection service carries out its activities in cooperation with other services of the enterprise, the committee (commission) for labor protection, authorized proxies for labor protection trade unions or the labor collective, the labor protection service of the higher body of the enterprise (if any), as well as with state labor protection authorities, state supervision and control bodies, public control and other organizations.

6. FORMATION OF THE SERVICE OF LABOR PROTECTION

6.1. The structure, number and functions of the Service are determined by the head of the enterprise, depending on the number of employees, the volume and working conditions, the degree of danger of production and other factors.

6.2. The calculation of the normative number of employees of the Service is carried out in accordance with the Intersectoral standards for the number of employees of the labor protection service at the enterprise, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of March 10, 1995 N 13.

6.3. Intersectoral standards for the number of employees of the labor protection service at the enterprise are designed to determine and justify job responsibilities and distribute the amount of work between performers.

6.4. At enterprises where, in accordance with the Intersectoral standards for the number of employees of the labor protection service, less than one rate of an engineer (specialist) in labor protection is required, the head may, by order of the enterprise, assign labor protection duties to another specialist or official (with his consent), who, after appropriate training and testing of knowledge on labor protection, along with the main work, will devote part of the working time to the performance of job duties of a labor protection specialist. The head has the right to invite on a contractual basis a labor protection specialist of the appropriate qualification.

6.5. The number of employees of sanitary - industrial laboratories and sanitary doctors not covered by these regulations.

6.6. In cases where individual production units of the enterprise are separated from each other at a distance of 0.5 km to 1.5 km, a coefficient of 1.2 should be set to the number calculated according to the standards, and at a distance of 1.5 km or more - the coefficient 1.4.

6.7. The labor protection service is headed by the head of the Service (possibly with the rights of the deputy head of the enterprise for labor protection), who:

manages the labor protection service, plans and organizes its work, develops job descriptions employees, issues orders within its competence, bears personal responsibility for the effective and quality performance tasks and functions assigned to the Service;

ensures timely consideration and implementation of documents, proposals, letters, statements on issues within the competence of the Service.

6.8. The position of a labor protection specialist should be admitted, as a rule, to persons qualified as an labor protection engineer, or specialists with a higher technical education, work experience at the enterprise, and who have undergone special training in labor protection courses.

7. CONTROL AND RESPONSIBILITY

7.1. Control over the activities of the Service is carried out by the head of the enterprise, the labor protection service of the parent enterprise (if any), the executive authorities for labor and state bodies for supervision and control of labor protection.

7.2. The head of the enterprise and the head of the Service are responsible for the activities of the Service.

7.3. Employees of the Service are responsible for the performance of their official duties, determined by the regulation on the labor protection service of the enterprise and job descriptions.

to model provision about the service
enterprise labor protection,
institutions, organizations

Prescription Form

Front side (A4 format)

INSTRUCTION of the engineer (specialist) of the labor protection service

(Company name)

"__" ________ 199_ N _____

______________________________________________________________

(position, full name)

______________________________________________________________

(name of the division of the enterprise)

In accordance with the Regulations on the labor protection service

______________________________________________________________

(Company name)

I propose to eliminate the following violations:

	List of violations of regulatory legal acts on labor protection with indicating their names, NN articles, paragraphs	Timing eliminate	Mark about elimination

Back side (A4 format)

On the fulfillment of the order after the expiration of the specified deadlines, please inform in writing or by phone:

____________________________________

Order issued by: _______________ ______________________

Order received: _______________ ______________________

(signature, date) (full name, position)

1. General Provisions

1.1. Creation and maintenance of safe conditions and labor protection in the organization is assigned to its head. To organize work on labor protection, the head creates a labor protection service.

1.2. In an organization with more than 100 employees, an occupational safety service is created or a position is introduced for an occupational safety specialist with appropriate training or experience in this area.

1.3. In an organization with 100 or fewer employees, the decision to create a labor protection service or introduce the position of a labor protection specialist is made by the head of the organization, taking into account the specifics of the organization's activities. The head of the organization may assign labor protection duties to another specialist or another person (with his consent), who, after appropriate training and knowledge testing, along with the main work, will perform the duties of a labor protection specialist.

If there is no labor protection service (labor protection specialist) in the organization, the head of the organization has the right to conclude an agreement with specialists or organizations providing services in the field of labor protection.

1.4. The labor protection service is organized as a separate structural unit of the organization with direct subordination to the head of the organization or, on his behalf, to one of his deputies.

1.5. Persons qualified as an occupational safety engineer, or specialists with higher professional (technical) education without presenting requirements for work experience or secondary vocational (technical) education and work experience as a technician of the 1st category of at least 3 years or other positions filled by specialists with secondary vocational (technical) education for at least 5 years. All categories of these persons must undergo special training in labor protection.

1.6. The structure and number of the labor protection service of the organization is determined in accordance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of January 27, 1993 N 64 (64-93-p) "On measures regarding the implementation of the Law of Ukraine "On labor protection"

1.7. The labor protection service carries out its activities in cooperation with other services of the organization, the commission (committee) for labor protection, authorized (trusted) persons for labor protection of trade unions or labor collectives, as well as with government bodies for labor protection, state supervision and control over compliance with labor protection requirements and public control bodies.

1.8. Employees of the labor protection service in their activities are guided by legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection, the collective agreement and agreement on labor protection of the organization, the regulatory documentation of the organization.

2. The main tasks of the labor protection service

The main tasks of the labor protection service are:

2.1. Organization of work to ensure that employees comply with labor protection requirements.

2.2. Monitoring compliance with legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection by employees of the organization, collective agreements, agreements on labor protection.

2.3. Organization of work to improve working conditions, prevent industrial injuries, occupational diseases and diseases associated with working conditions.

2.4. Consulting and informing employees of the organization, including its head, on labor protection issues.

2.5. Study and dissemination of best practices in labor protection, promotion of labor protection issues.

3. Functions of the labor protection service

The labor protection service performs the following functions:

3.1. Identifies dangerous and harmful production factors in the workplace.

3.2. Conducts an analysis of the state and causes of industrial injuries, occupational diseases and diseases associated with working conditions, keeps records of them.

3.3. Provides assistance to structural units in organizing and conducting instrumental measurements parameters of dangerous and harmful production factors, determining indicators of the severity and intensity of the labor process, in assessing the safety of equipment, devices, in organizing certification of workplaces for working conditions and certification of work on labor protection in the organization, controls their implementation.

3.4. Informs employees about the state of working conditions at the workplace, about the existing risk of damage to health, as well as about the necessary protection measures against hazardous and harmful production factors.

3.5. Participates in the preparation of documents for the appointment of social insurance payments in connection with accidents at work or occupational disease.

3.6. Carries out, together with representatives of the relevant departments of the organization and with the participation of authorized (trusted) persons for labor protection of trade unions or the labor collective, checks, surveys of the technical condition of buildings, structures, equipment, machines and mechanisms for compliance with their regulatory legal acts on labor protection, the efficiency of ventilation systems, the state of sanitary facilities, sanitary facilities, means of collective and individual protection of workers.

3.7. Together with the heads of departments and other departments of the organization, he develops a program to improve working conditions and labor protection, including specific measures to prevent accidents at work and occupational diseases, and also provides organizational assistance for the implementation of planned activities.

3.8. Participates in the drafting of sections of the collective agreement relating to conditions and labor protection, an agreement on the labor protection of the organization.

3.9. Coordinates the developed in the organization project documentation construction and reconstruction of production facilities in terms of compliance with the requirements for labor protection.

3.10. Participates in the work of commissions for the acceptance into operation of completed construction or reconstructed industrial facilities, as well as in the work of commissions for the acceptance from repair of installations, units, machine tools and other equipment in terms of compliance with labor protection requirements.

3.11. Provides assistance to the heads of structural divisions of the organization in compiling lists of professions, indicating harmful, hazardous substances and production factors, in accordance with which employees must undergo mandatory preliminary (when applying for a job) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations, as well as lists professions and positions, in accordance with which, on the basis of the current legislation, employees are provided with compensation for difficult, harmful or dangerous working conditions.

3.12. Provides methodological assistance to heads of departments in the development and revision of labor protection instructions, standards of the organization of the System of Labor Safety Standards (SSBT).

3.13. Develops training programs on labor protection for employees of the organization, including its head, and conducts an introductory briefing on labor protection with all newly hired (including temporarily), seconded, students and students who have arrived for industrial training or practice.

3.14. Provides methodological assistance in organizing briefings (primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled, targeted), training and testing knowledge on labor protection of employees.

3.15. Participates in the work of commissions to test the knowledge of labor protection among employees of the enterprise.

3.16. Organizes the provision of subdivisions of organizations with regulatory legal acts, posters and other visual aids on labor protection, and also provides them with methodological assistance in equipping appropriate information stands.

3.17. Prepares reports on labor protection in accordance with established forms and within the appropriate time frame.

3.18. Oversees:

Compliance by employees with the requirements of legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection, a collective agreement, an agreement on labor protection, other regulatory legal acts of the organization;

Provision and proper use of personal and collective protective equipment;

Compliance with the Regulations on the investigation and registration of accidents at work, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on January 27, 1993.

Implementation of the measures provided for by the programs, plans to improve working conditions and labor protection, the section of the collective agreement relating to labor protection issues, as well as the adoption of measures to eliminate the causes that caused the accident (from the act of the form H-1), the implementation of the instructions of the state supervision bodies and control, other measures to create healthy and safe working conditions;

Certification of workplaces in terms of working conditions and preparation for certification of work on labor protection;

Availability in the subdivisions of instructions on labor protection for employees according to the list of professions and types of work for which instructions on labor protection should be developed, their timely revision;

Compliance with the schedules for measuring the parameters of hazardous and harmful production factors;

Timely carrying out by the relevant services of the necessary tests and technical examinations of equipment, machines and mechanisms;

Efficiency of aspiration and ventilation systems;

Condition of safety devices and protective devices;

Timely and high-quality training, knowledge testing and all types of briefings on labor protection;

Organization of storage, distribution, washing, dry cleaning, drying, dedusting, degreasing and repair of special clothing, special footwear and other personal and collective protective equipment;

Sanitary and hygienic condition of production and auxiliary premises;

Organization of workplaces in accordance with the requirements of labor protection;

Timely and correct provision of compensation to employees for hard work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, free delivery of therapeutic and preventive nutrition, milk and other equivalent food products;

Using the labor of women and persons under 18 in accordance with the law;

Proper spending in the divisions of the organization of funds allocated for the implementation of labor protection measures.

3.19. Prepares and submits proposals for the development and implementation of more advanced designs of fencing equipment, safety and blocking devices and other means of protection against the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors.

3.20. Brings to the attention of the employees of the organization new legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection that are being put into effect.

3.21. Organizes the storage of documentation (acts of the H-1 form and other documents on the investigation of accidents at work, protocols for measuring the parameters of dangerous and harmful production factors, materials for attesting workplaces in terms of working conditions, certification of work on labor protection, etc.) in accordance with the deadlines, established by regulatory legal acts.

3.22. Considers letters, applications and complaints of employees on labor protection issues and prepares proposals on them to the employer (heads of departments) to eliminate existing and identified shortcomings and omissions during investigations, and also prepares responses to applicants.

3.23. Manages the work of the office on labor protection, organizes propaganda and information on labor protection issues in the organization, using for these purposes the internal radio network, television, video, movies, small-circulation press of the organization, wall newspapers, shop windows, etc.

3.24. Analyzes and summarizes proposals for spending the funds of the organization's labor protection fund (if any), develops directions for their most effective use prepares justifications for allocating funds to the organization from the territorial labor protection fund (if any) for taking measures to improve working conditions and labor protection.

4. The rights of employees of the labor protection service

Employees of the labor protection service are granted the following rights:

4.1. To freely inspect the production, office and amenity premises of the organization at any time of the day, to get acquainted with documents on labor protection issues within the limits of their compensation.

4.2. Check the state of conditions and labor protection in the divisions of the organization and present to officials and other responsible employees mandatory instructions to eliminate the identified violations of labor protection requirements.

4.3. Prohibit the operation of machinery, equipment and the performance of work in workshops, sections, workplaces if violations of labor protection requirements are detected that pose a threat to the life and health of workers or may lead to an accident, with notification of the employer (head of the unit or his deputy).

4.4. Involve, in agreement with the employer, relevant specialists of the organization to check the state of conditions and labor protection.

4.5. Request and receive from the heads of departments of the organization materials on labor protection issues, require written explanations from persons who have committed violations of normative legal acts on labor protection.

4.6. Require the heads of departments to remove from work persons who do not have permission to perform this type of work, who have not passed preliminary and periodic in the prescribed manner medical examinations, briefing on labor protection, not using the provided personal protective equipment in their work, as well as violating the requirements of labor protection legislation.

4.7. Submit proposals to the employer on encouraging individual employees for active work to create healthy and safe working conditions, as well as on bringing to justice those responsible for violating legislative and other regulatory legal acts on labor protection.

4.8. Represent on behalf of the employer in state and public organizations when discussing labor protection issues.

5. Organization of the work of the labor protection service

5.1. The head of the organization must provide the necessary conditions for the employees of the labor protection service to fulfill their powers.

5.2. The organization of labor of employees of the labor protection service provides for the regulation of their job duties, the assignment to each of them of certain functions for labor protection in the divisions of the organization in accordance with their job descriptions.

5.3. It is recommended to organize workplaces of employees of the labor protection service in a separate room, provide them with modern office equipment, technical means of communication and equip them to receive visitors.

5.4. To carry out a number of functions of the labor protection service (training, briefing, seminars, lectures, exhibitions), it is necessary to provide for the organization of a labor protection cabinet equipped with the necessary regulatory legal and reference literature on labor protection.

6. Control and responsibility

6.1. Control over the activities of the labor protection service is carried out by the head of the organization, the labor protection service of a higher organization (if any), the regional administration body in the field of labor protection and state supervision and control over compliance with labor protection requirements.

6.2. The head of the organization is responsible for the activities of the labor protection service.

6.3. Employees of the labor protection service are responsible for the performance of their official duties, determined by the regulation on the labor protection service and job descriptions.

2. Describe the impact on human life and health, and ways to reduce the impact: factors that threaten human life in emergency(risk factors) - heat factor.

Risk factors: These include: illness, natural disasters, hunger, heat and accompanying thirst, cold, fear, overwork, loneliness, improper organization of relationships within the emergency group. These, so to speak, are the first enemies for a person who finds himself in emergency circumstances. We can safely say that 99% of the tragic outcomes of accidents are on the conscience of this dozen. I will only talk about a few of the most well-known risk factors.

Heat. Thirst.

The concept of "heat" in relation to an emergency is the sum of several components - ambient temperature, solar radiation intensity, soil surface temperature, air humidity, the presence or absence of wind, that is, the climatic conditions of the place where the accident occurred.

In addition, there are many special cases when a person, for one reason or another, may feel that he is hot. And for this it is absolutely not necessary to climb into the inferno of the Central Asian deserts. You can also languish in the heat in the Arctic. For example, when the quantity or quality of clothing worn by a person does not correspond to what he does in this moment work. Situations are typical when a person, for fear of freezing, puts on all the clothes at his disposal, after which he begins to bravely brandish an ax, preparing firewood for the future fire. Such unnecessary zeal at the moment leads to overheating of the body, increased sweating, and wetting of the layers of clothing adjacent to the body. As a result, a person, having finished work, quickly freezes. AT such a case heat is an ally of frost, as it deprives clothing of its heat-shielding properties. Walking in deep snow, climbing a steep slope, building snow shelters, running, lead to exactly the same result, because all of the above and many others active actions release a significant amount of energy. That is why experienced tourists, climbers, hunters prefer when performing heavy physical work take off excess warm clothes, and put them on during rest. Strange as it may sound, but the practice of tourism and mountaineering knows many examples when a person during polar and high-altitude travels, at sub-zero ambient temperatures, managed to get a heat stroke. Typically, such an incident occurred on difficult sections of the route that required maximum effort, when carrying a heavy load (40-50 kg backpack) and when warm clothing was abused, especially when the outer jacket was made of wind and moisture-resistant material that impeded internal ventilation. . In these cases, it is very important to constantly control your well-being, change clothes in time, periodically rest, and occasionally “bleed” excess heat through the unbuttoned collar and cuffs.

Of course, the fight against overheating in the conditions described does not present any particular difficulties. And if any violation of the internal thermal balance occurs, then the victim himself is primarily to blame. The Arctic or the highlands are not the place where it is permissible to die from overheating. A sultry afternoon in the forest and forest-steppe zones brings the traveler a little more trouble. But even here, if you wish, you can always find a shadow, a river or a lake to swim or moisten your headdress and face with cool water. And at the very peak of the heat, you can stop for a big halt, so as not to suffer in vain under a backpack from stuffiness and thirst.

It is much more difficult for a person in an emergency situation that occurred in a desert or semi-desert zone. And this is explained not by the fact that it is already very hot, but by the fact that the heat here enters into an ominous alliance with thirst. And this is very, very serious! To understand the essence of the problem, let's take a short excursion into physiology.

The human body is almost two-thirds water, that is, 50 liters of water are collected inside an adult weighing 70 kg! Moreover, bones consist of 25% water, muscles - 75%, and in the brain it is already about 80%. It is he, the brain, who suffers from lack of water in the first place. Water is the main medium, and in many cases the main participant in countless chemical reactions, thanks to which our body exists. Therefore, insufficient, as well as excessive, intake of water into the body seriously affects the general physical condition of a person.

Excess water overloads the kidneys, the heart, and flushes out the salts it needs from the body. Experiments conducted on animals have shown that the introduction of a large amount of water in a short period of time can cause a kind of "water poisoning". For example, if a dog is injected with 100 grams of water per kilogram of weight for one to an hour and a half, then it will die. Workers in hot shops, whose water consumption is much higher than average, sometimes show signs of water poisoning - loss of sensitivity, vomiting, convulsions, and intestinal upset.

The lack of water leads to a decrease in body weight, a significant loss of strength, thickening of the blood and, as a result, an overstrain of the heart, which expends additional effort to push the thickened blood into the vessels. At the same time, the concentration of salts in the blood rises, which serves as a formidable signal that dehydration has begun. The brain cells most sensitive to drying out react to the threat of dehydration by immediately "pumping out" free fluid from the cells of the body. A certain amount of fluid, up to 5%, is withdrawn without any consequences for the cells and, therefore, for the person himself. But dehydration of the body, exceeding 15%, can lead to irreversible consequences, to death. If a person deprived of food can lose almost the entire supply of fat, almost 50% of protein, and only after that approach the dangerous line, then the loss of 15% of the liquid is fatal! Starvation can last several weeks, and a person deprived of water dies in a matter of days, and in a hot climate - hours. Starvation can last several weeks, and a person deprived of water dies in a matter of days, and in a hot climate - hours.

The need of the human body for water in favorable climatic conditions does not exceed 2.5-3 liters per day. Moreover, this figure is not only the liquid that we use in the form of compotes, tea, cocoa and other drinks, but also the liquid that is part of solid foods, not to mention soups and gravies. In addition, water is formed in the body itself as a result of chemical reactions occurring in it. Here's what it looks like numerically. Actually water - 0.8 - 1.0 liters, liquid dishes - 0.5 - 0.6, solid foods (bread, meat, cheese, sausage, etc.) - up to 0.7, water formed in the body itself, - 0.3-0.4 liters.

It is important, especially in an emergency, to distinguish true water hunger from the apparent one. Very often, the feeling of thirst arises not due to an objective lack of water, but due to improperly organized water consumption.

One of the indicators of thirst is a decrease in salivation in the oral cavity. With a decrease in salivation by 15%, the first feeling of thirst occurs, at 20%, thirst is more pronounced, and a lack of saliva in 50% creates a feeling of unbearable thirst.

The sensation of initial dryness in the mouth is often perceived as a feeling of intense thirst, although dehydration as such is not observed.

A person begins to consume a significant amount of water, although there is no real need for this. An excess of water with a simultaneous increase in physical activity leads to subsequent increased sweating.

Simultaneously with the abundant excretion of excess fluid, the ability of body cells to retain water is impaired. A kind of vicious circle arises - the more a person drinks, the more he sweats, the more he feels thirsty.

An experiment is known when people who were not accustomed to normal thirst quenching drank five to six liters of water in 8 hours, while others in the same conditions managed 0.5 liters.

Indicative in this regard is the story when two regiments in the steppe made a long forced march. After a hard day spent under the rays of the scorching sun, the regiments went to the water source. One commander allowed the soldiers to drink without restriction - as much as they liked, and the other significantly limited water consumption, which, of course, caused discontent among all personnel. As a result, the first regiment was completely out of order. The soldiers were swollen, could not move, complained of irresistible weakness. In real combat conditions, as the intermediary officer assessed the situation, one combat-ready enemy company would be enough to destroy and capture this regiment.

In all cases, it is not recommended to drink a lot of water in one gulp. Such a one-time consumption of a liquid of thirst will not quench, but can lead to swelling, weakness. It must be remembered that the drunk water does not quench thirst immediately, but only after reaching the stomach, it is absorbed into the blood, that is, after 10-15 minutes. It is best to drink water in small portions at short intervals until completely saturated.

Sometimes, in order not to waste water from a flask or emergency supply, it is enough to rinse your mouth with cool water or suck on sour candy, caramel. The taste of the lollipop will cause a reflex release of saliva, and the feeling of thirst will be greatly reduced. In the absence of a lollipop, it can be replaced with a fruit stone or even a small clean pebble. With intense sweating, which leads to leaching of salts from the body, it is advisable to drink lightly salted water. Dissolving 0.5-1.0 grams of salt in one liter of water will have almost no effect on its taste. However, this amount of salt is usually enough to restore the salt balance inside the body.

The most tragic effect of the heat is manifested in the summer in a desert area. Perhaps, in this zone, the heat leaves a person less chance of salvation than even the cold in the Arctic. In the fight against frost, a person has a considerable arsenal of means. It can build a snow shelter, generate heat by consuming high-calorie food, protect against exposure low temperatures with the help of warm clothes, can make a fire, keep warm, doing intense physical work.

Using any of these methods, a person can save his life for a day, two or three. Using all of the above possibilities, it can sometimes resist the elements for weeks.

In the desert, only water can prolong life. There are no other ways available to a person who finds himself in an emergency

3. Legal basis life safety

Human life safety is a characteristic of a person's existence in a particular location, which reflects the balance between the actions of causes that threaten a person's life or health and the reasons that prevent their consequences.

The objective presence of causes - "threats" (or the possibility of their occurrence) is usually accompanied by the development of a state of anxiety of the individual (a state of impending anxiety). However, this anxiety is not only a consequence of the threat physical life individual personality. For the majority of the inhabitants of the Earth, the feeling of insecurity is associated with the problems of everyday life (protection of housing, health, workplace, welfare, etc.), and not the fear of global catastrophes or international conflicts. Hence the wide range of special security requirements: from protection against robbers to ill-conceived economic and political decisions at the state level.

Teaching safety issues is a general educational process aimed at acquiring knowledge and experience by students, which contribute to the adjustment of a person’s attitude to their own safety and their environment, develop practical skills in self-defense actions in conditions of increasing psychological stress.

An increasing place in the life of modern mankind is occupied by concerns related to overcoming crisis phenomena that arise in the course of the development of earthly civilization. At the present stage, such phenomena have become more frequent, large-scale and dangerous. Their consequences began to be regarded as emergencies.

Therefore, an important state function has been and is the protection of the population and national treasure from the consequences of emergencies.

For a long time, this function was performed by the civil defense system. Basically, it was aimed at solving wartime tasks, considering its participation in the fight against accidents and natural disasters as an additional task. And only in 1987, peacetime tasks were officially assigned to it.

However, in practice, civil defense actions in large-scale emergency situations in peacetime turned out to be insufficiently effective. Established in November 1991, the State Committee for Civil Defense, headed the system created in April 1992, the system of warning and action in emergency situations (ES).

By joining the efforts of departments and territories in single system, we got the opportunity to solve the problem of the safety of the population and industries in a comprehensive manner, by pursuing a unified state policy in this area.

The assigned official tasks and analysis of its real role in emergency situations of various origins allow us to conclude that this role is reduced to three target functions of the system:

Prevention of emergencies;

Reducing losses and damage from emergencies;

Elimination of the consequences of emergencies.

If it is possible to sufficiently fulfill these target functions, the state, public need for emergency situations will be satisfied.

The SChS united the governing bodies, forces and means of federal executive authorities, executive authorities, local governments and organizations whose powers include addressing issues of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations.

The organization, composition of forces and means, the procedure for the operation of the functional subsystems of the emergency situations are determined by the provisions on them, approved by the heads of the relevant federal executive bodies in agreement with the Ministry of Ukraine for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters

A person, throughout his life, constantly has to deal with various difficult situations: at home, at work, on the street, on vacation, etc. Each person will react to a particular situation in different ways, but there are a number of rules of conduct that apply and have been repeatedly tested by time. One of these rules, in my opinion one of the main ones, is not to panic in any difficult situation.

There are rules of conduct in a given situation. How, for example, to behave in case of fire, in case of radioactive and chemical contamination, in the zone of infectious contamination, during earthquakes, etc. Naturally, it is impossible to completely protect yourself even knowing these rules, since each specific case will have its own peculiarities and subtleties, but you can reduce the risk of occurrence, and if an emergency has already happened, then try to get out of it with the least losses for yourself and others.

For example, during an earthquake, buildings and communications are destroyed, and people can die. An earthquake in and of itself is an emergency. In this case, other emergencies can also occur - secondary, radiation or chemical contamination (during the destruction of nuclear power plants and chemical enterprises), the occurrence of infectious diseases due to disruption of plumbing communications, water supply, the spread of rodents, etc.

An analysis of accidents and disasters over the past 10-15 years shows that there is an accumulation of potential dangers of natural and man-made disasters. Their number is constantly growing (40% of all emergencies of the last century occurred over the past 2 decades) and the consequences are becoming more and more devastating.

Therefore, our state, due to the circumstances, experienced shocks from large-scale emergencies, was among the first to realize the danger of these trends and raised the problem of protecting man and society from the growing threat of natural and man-made disasters at the level of state policy.

The implementation of this function is entrusted to the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations (ES). Today we can say that, in general, the Emergency Situations have been created, are functioning and have repeatedly proved their effectiveness and social significance, readiness for emergency response to various emergencies.

The lessons of the Chernobyl, Spitak and other catastrophes of the century, the increase in the severity of the consequences of emergencies, their transboundary nature, the emergence of new types of humanitarian disasters have led the world community to understand the need for international coordination of activities to prevent and eliminate them. The factor of ecological dependence of states and entire regions is also pushing for this. Life demanded to mobilize international efforts to overcome emergencies with the least damage to man and the world around him.

All activities of the SChS are organized and carried out within the framework of international cooperation. So in 1996, on September 10-12, the 12th General Assembly of the International Civil Defense Organization (ICDO) took place in Moscow. The General Assembly considered and adopted its program of activities for 1997-1998.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations pays much attention to international cooperation.

The activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the professionalism of rescuers is highly appreciated by the leadership of a number of states. The 12th General Assembly of the ICDO also highly appreciated the activities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine.

In accordance with the Law “On the protection of the population and territories from emergency situations of natural and technogenic nature”, the main legal concepts, goals and objectives of life safety are defined.

Article 3 determines that the purposes of this law are: prevention of the occurrence and development of emergency situations; reduction of damage and losses from emergencies; liquidation of emergency situations.

And the 1st article of the law defines the basic concepts:

An emergency situation is a situation in a certain territory that has developed as a result of an accident, natural hazard, catastrophe, natural or other disaster that may or have caused loss of life, damage to human health or the environment. natural environment, significant material losses and violation of the living conditions of people.

Emergency prevention is a set of measures taken in advance and aimed at minimizing the risk of emergencies, as well as preserving people's health, reducing damage to the environment and material losses in case of their occurrence.

Liquidation of emergency situations is rescue and other urgent work carried out in the event of emergency situations and aimed at saving lives and preserving people's health, reducing damage to the environment and material losses, as well as localizing emergency zones, stopping the operation of them dangerous factors.

An emergency zone is an area in which an emergency situation has developed.

Article 4 defines the goals and objectives of the EMS.

Ensuring the safety and protection of the interests of the individual and society from emergencies caused by natural disasters, accidents, catastrophes, etc. is entrusted to the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations (RSChS).

The Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies (ES) unites the authorities, forces and means of federal executive authorities, executive authorities, local governments, organizations whose powers include addressing issues of protecting the population and territories from emergencies.

The main tasks of the SES are:

development and implementation of legal and economic norms to ensure the protection of the population and territories from emergency situations;

implementation of targeted and scientific and technical programs aimed at preventing emergency situations and increasing the stability of the functioning of organizations, as well as social facilities in emergency situations;

ensuring the readiness for actions of the authorities, forces and means intended and allocated for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations;

collection, processing, exchange and issuance of information in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations;

preparing the population for actions in emergency situations;

forecasting and assessment of the socio-economic consequences of emergency situations;

creation of reserves of financial and material resources to eliminate emergency situations;

implementation of state expertise, supervision and control in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations; liquidation of emergency situations; implementation of measures for the social protection of the population affected by emergency situations, holding humanitarian actions;

implementation of the rights and obligations of the population in the field of protection against emergency situations, as well as persons directly involved in their elimination;

international cooperation in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies, the principles of formation, the composition of forces and means, the procedure for performing tasks and the interaction of the main elements, as well as other issues of the functioning of the emergency situations, are determined by legislation, resolutions and orders of the Government.

Article 15 more stvennyh associations to the zone of emergency back, organization hosted I, food, wages, logistics go, me dicynsko go and other types ensure n and I and activities in these conditions,

Participants in the liquidation of emergency situations from public associations must have appropriate training, confirmed in the attestation procedure.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations (MES) is constantly carrying out systematic work to improve the forces and means for the prevention and elimination of emergencies.

The Ministry of Emergency Situations is a federal executive body that conducts state policy and manages emergency situations, a headquarters that coordinates the efforts of state executive authorities at all levels, local governments and relevant forces in the field of civil defense, prevention and elimination of emergencies.

The work of the Ministry in the field of protection of the population and territory from emergencies is carried out in 3 main areas:

implementation of a set of measures to reduce the risk of emergencies and damage from them;

ensuring the constant readiness of command and control bodies, forces and means to fulfill the tasks assigned to them in peacetime and wartime;

prompt response to emergencies.

Article 8. The President of Ukraine, in accordance with the Constitution and laws, determines the main directions of state policy and makes other decisions in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations; submits to the Security Council for consideration and adopts, taking into account its proposals, decisions on the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations, as well as on the issues of overcoming their consequences; introduces a state of emergency in emergency situations on the territory of Ukraine or in its individual areas; makes a decision to involve, if necessary, the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations in the liquidation of emergency situations.

Article 10. The Government of Ukraine, on the basis of the Constitution, laws and regulations of the President, determines the tasks, functions, procedures, rights and obligations of federal executive bodies in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergencies, and manages a unified state system prevention and liquidation of emergency situations; establishes and controls the production process, storage regime, transportation conditions and the procedure for the use of radioactive and other especially dangerous substances, while observing the necessary safety measures; establishes the classification of emergencies and powers executive bodies state power on their liquidation; makes decisions on the direct management of the liquidation of emergency situations and on the provision of assistance in case of their occurrence; determines the procedure for involving the Civil Defense Troops in the elimination of emergency situations.

Article 11

carry out the preparation and maintenance of the necessary forces and means to protect the population and territories from emergency situations, training the population in methods of protection and actions in these situations;

make decisions on carrying out evacuation measures in emergency situations and ensure their implementation;

provide timely notification and informing the population about the threat of occurrence or the occurrence of emergency situations;

organize and carry out emergency rescue and other urgent work, as well as maintain public order in the course of their conduct; in case of insufficiency of their own forces and means, they turn to the Government of Ukraine for assistance;

carry out financing of measures in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, create reserves of financial and material resources for the elimination of emergency situations;

contribute to the sustainable functioning of organizations in emergency situations;

create under the executive authorities and local self-government bodies permanently operating management bodies specially authorized to solve problems in the field of protecting the population and territories from emergency situations.

plan and implement the necessary measures in the field of protection of employees of organizations and subordinate industrial and social facilities from emergency situations;

plan and carry out activities to improve the sustainability of the functioning of organizations and ensure the life of employees of organizations in emergency situations;

ensure the creation, training and maintenance in readiness for the use of forces and means for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations, training employees of organizations in methods of protection and actions in emergency situations as part of non-military formations;

create and maintain in constant readiness local emergency warning systems;

ensure the organization and conduct of emergency rescue and other urgent work at subordinate industrial and social facilities and in the territories adjacent to them in accordance with plans for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations;

finance measures to protect employees of organizations and subordinate industrial and social facilities from emergency situations;

create reserves of financial and material resources to eliminate emergency situations;

provide information in accordance with the established procedure in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, as well as notify employees of organizations about the threat of occurrence or the occurrence of emergency situations.

Specially trained forces and means of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, other troops and military formations (determined by the President on the basis of the law), as well as forces and means of internal affairs bodies and internal affairs bodies of subjects (in accordance with laws and other legal instruments) (arts. 16 and 17).

Article 18. Citizens of Ukraine have the right:

to protect life, health and personal property in case of emergencies;

use the means of collective and individual protection and other property of executive authorities, local governments and organizations intended to protect the population from emergency situations;

to be informed about the risk to which they may be exposed in certain places of stay in the territory of the country, and about the necessary security measures;

apply personally or submit a collective application to state bodies and local governments on the protection of the population and territories from emergency situations;

participate in accordance with the established procedure in measures for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations;

for compensation for damage caused to their health and property as a result of emergency situations;

on the medical service, compensation and benefits for living and working in emergency zones;

to free public social insurance, receiving compensation and benefits for damage caused to their health in the performance of duties during the liquidation of emergency situations;

on the pension provision in case of loss of ability to work due to an injury or illness received in the course of performing duties to protect the population and territories from emergency situations, in the manner established for employees whose disability has occurred as a result of an industrial injury;

for pensions in the event of the loss of a breadwinner, who died or died from an injury or disease, received in the performance of duties to protect the population and territories from emergency situations, in the manner established for the families of citizens who died or died from an injury received in the performance of a civic duty to rescue human life, property protection and law enforcement.

Article 19. Citizens of Ukraine are obliged:

comply with laws and other regulatory legal acts in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations;

observe safety measures at home and everyday noah labor activity, to prevent violations of production and technological discipline, environmental safety requirements, which can lead to emergencies;

study the main methods of protecting the population and territories from emergencies, methods of providing first aid to victims, the rules for using collective and by individual means protection;

follow the established rules of conduct in case of threat and emergency situations;

if necessary, provide assistance in carrying out emergency rescue and other urgent work.

Article 29. If international treaties of Ukraine establish rules other than those contained in the legislation in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, then the rules of international treaties shall apply.

The problem of preventing the occurrence of disasters, mitigating their consequences and liquidating them is very relevant today not only for Ukraine, but for all mankind. This is due to the annual increase in the number and scale of disasters, the growth of human and material losses that humanity bears, which hinders the development of civilization, and in some cases threatens the existence of mankind.

Therefore, the modern understanding of the security of citizens has expanded significantly and includes a reliable representation of the conditions they need for life, development and self-expression, guarantees of civil rights and social security.

As the analysis shows, ensuring safety in emergency situations can be carried out in different ways. The most effective of them is to reduce the likelihood of occurrence, reduce the possible scale and severity of the consequences of accidents, natural and natural-technogenic disasters by influencing potential sources of danger.

At a certain level of managing the efforts of a person, community, state, world community, it is possible to prevent emerging disasters or mitigate their consequences, to eliminate the latter. Significant work has been done in this direction both in Ukraine and in the countries of the world community, the necessary legal, regulatory and organizational field has been created in this area.

We must be sure that further scientific research will help humanity find a way to solve global problems threatening its existence, that disaster risk management will be continuously improved

4. Modes of radiation protection of the population, workers and employees.

In order to achieve successful actions of the formations of the Civil Defense and Emergency Situations of the object of the economy (OE) and the organization of the protection of the population, territories, it is very important to detect radioactive contamination (RP) or chemical contamination of the area in a timely manner, determine their scale and nature, correctly assess the degree of their danger to people and the object. This is achieved by skilful and continuous radiation and chemical reconnaissance. Based on intelligence data, an assessment of the radiation (RO) or chemical situation (CS) is made. This is important element work of the head of the formation of the OE during the activities of anti-radiation (PR) and anti-chemical protection (PCP). The conclusions from the assessment of RO or CW are used in the organization and conduct of the AS and the DPR in the emergency zone.

Below we consider the methods for assessing the radiation situation, carried out at the facilities of the economy in order to protect personnel, the public and eliminate the consequences of emergencies.

Forecasting and assessment of the radiation situation in case of accidents, catastrophes at radiation-hazardous objects (ROO) and in case of a nuclear explosion (NU).

The assessment of the radiation situation at the facilities of the economy is carried out to determine the scale of the RP and the nature of the radiation damage to people, to make a decision based on the analysis and conclusions to carry out the NPP and the DNR in the zone of radioactive contamination.

Radiation situation - the situation that has developed as a result of the RP of the area, influencing the activities of the OE, the civil defense forces and the population.

RO is characterized by the scale of infection (the size of the zones - their length and width) and the degree of RP of the area (radiation levels), which are the main indicators of the risk of RP for people.

The purpose of the assessment of the RO is to determine the possible impact of the RO on the performance of workers, employees and personnel of the formation of the Civil Defense and Emergency Situations, the population, allowing timely measures to be taken to protect people and justify decisions on the organization of the production activities of the OE and the conduct of the nuclear power plant and the DPR in the conditions of the RP of the area.

The assessment of RO includes: determining the extent and degree of RP of the area; analysis of their impact on the activities of the OE, the civil defense forces and the population; selection of the most expedient options for actions that exclude radiation damage to people.

The radiation situation can be detected and assessed by forecasting methods and according to intelligence data. Detection of RO is carried out: by radiation observation posts and reconnaissance groups, reconnaissance units of the formation of the civil emergency situation of the facility. They set the start time of the RZ, measure the levels of radiation on the ground and determine the boundaries of the RZ zones.

Control of the radiation situation, which is integral part general condition monitoring environment, consists in carrying out radioecological monitoring - observation, assessment and forecasting of the radiation situation and, based on its results, determining the need to normalize the situation and take measures to protect the population and territories. Monitoring of the radiation situation is carried out constantly throughout the country, with special attention being paid to the areas of location of radiation-hazardous objects and, first of all, nuclear power plants (NPP).

Control is organized and carried out structural divisions federal service on hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring in cooperation with other subdivisions of observation and control of the emergency situations at all levels, interested ministries and departments, as well as observation posts of individual OE and ROO.

RO, which is identified and evaluated by the forecasting method, is called the expected or predicted situation. The assessment of RO by the forecasting method is carried out in departments, departments (headquarters) for civil emergency situations of a city, region, territory, etc. The initial data for predicting RO, for example, in nuclear explosions, are: average wind speed. Evaluation and identification of RO according to the forecast comes down to determining the length and width of RP zones and plotting them on a map. At the same time, the time of precipitation, the expected levels of radiation at objects and in certain areas are also calculated. settlements. The identification and evaluation of RO by the predictive method gives only approximate characteristics of RO. However, this method has an advantage - the speed of obtaining data on possible RH. It allows in advance, before the fallout of RS on the ground, to take measures to protect people, to establish and clarify the tasks of radiation reconnaissance carried out on the ground. The situation revealed by intelligence data is called the actual RO.

Assessment of the radiation situation according to reconnaissance data

The department, sector (headquarters) for civil emergency situations of the object of the economy and the commander of the civil defense emergency unit perform an assessment of the RO based on data obtained from radiation reconnaissance of the area. The reconnaissance formations of the Civil Defense and Emergency Situations are equipped with radiation reconnaissance equipment. In order to successfully complete reconnaissance tasks, the personnel of the formations must have a good knowledge of the basics of dosimetry, the design and operation of dosimetric instruments for reconnaissance of the area (X-ray meters, for example, of the IMD-5, DP-5V, IMD-1R types).

Under the assessment of RO according to intelligence data, we understand the solution of typical tasks for various options for the formation of civil emergency situations or the production activity of OE in the conditions of RP, analysis of the results and selection of the most appropriate regime for protecting workers, employees and the public, excluding their radiation damage.

The solution of tasks for assessing RO for OE is currently mainly carried out by a graphical-analytical method using the corresponding calculated dependencies and tables. However, such problems can be solved in the case of a nuclear explosion and approximately using a radiation ruler (RL).

At the same time, the methodology for solving the following basic typical tasks for assessing the actual RO in accidents, disasters at nuclear power plants and in the use of nuclear weapons (nuclear explosion) is considered:

Bringing measured radiation levels to different times after an accident at a nuclear power plant or nuclear explosion;

Determination of the possible dose of radiation during operations on the RP of the area;

Determination of the permissible duration of work or stay of people in the RZ area;

Determining the time of release of radioactive substances in case of an accident, catastrophe at a nuclear power plant and the time of a nuclear explosion;

Determination of the regime of radiation protection.

Assessment of the radiation situation in the event of an accident at a nuclear power plant

During the operation of nuclear power plants, emergency regimes may also occur. In practice, they consider design, hypothetical, radiation accidents at nuclear power plants (NPP, ATES, ACT).

A radiation accident is a violation of the limit of permissible operation, in which there was an exit of radioactive substances and ionizing radiation beyond the boundaries provided for by the project for normal operation, in quantities exceeding the values ​​\u200b\u200bset for operation.

DETERMINATION OF THE MODE OF RADIATION PROTECTION OF WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES.

As a result of accidents, disasters at ROO or when the enemy uses nuclear weapons, objects of the country's economy may end up in radioactively contaminated areas (during nuclear explosions in the zones: moderate, strong, dangerous and extremely dangerous REE). Under these conditions, the work of the OE, the actions of workers and employees are strictly regulated and subject to a certain regime of radiation protection.

Under the regime of radiation protection of workers and employees of the OE, the population, personnel of the Civil Defense and Emergency Situations is understood as the procedure for the operation and use of means, methods of protection in the zones of radioactive contamination, excluding radioactive exposure of people above the permissible limits and minimizing the forced shutdown of production.

Radiation protection regimes for workers and employees of OE during nuclear explosions are calculated in advance for specific conditions (protective properties of industrial, residential buildings and protective structures used) and various possible levels of radiation on the territory of the facility.

At present, for the case of a nuclear explosion, 8 typical modes for various categories population: 1-3 modes - for the non-working population; 4-7th modes - for workers and employees of the OE;

8th mode - for the personnel of the civil defense formations. At the same time, the radiation protection regimes for workers and employees include three main stages that must be performed in strict sequence:

the first stage: the duration of the time of the facility shutdown and the stay of workers and employees of the OE in protective structures;

the second stage: the duration of the operation of the OE with the use of protective structures for the rest of workers and employees;

the third stage: the duration of the operation of the facility with the restriction of people's stay in the open area up to 1-2 hours per day.

The duration of compliance with each type regimen depends on:

From the level of radiation on the ground (on the territory of the facility) and its decline over time;

From the protective properties (attenuation coefficient) of shelters, PRU, industrial and residential buildings;

From the established doses of exposure to people.

Taking into account these factors, four variants of typical regimes (4-7th) of radiation have been developed for workers and employees. In addition, regimes are provided for conducting emergency rescue and other urgent work in areas of radioactive contamination by units of the Civil Defense and Emergency Situations and other emergency response forces in the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Typical modes are developed taking into account the continued operation of the facility in two shifts of 10-12 hours, as well as the movement of people to and from the place of work (the duration of work may be less than 10-12 hours).

The following procedure for putting radiation protection regimes into effect is envisaged.

With the announcement of the threat of radioactive contamination, observation posts equipped with dosimetric devices are set up at the MA. These posts measure radiation levels every half hour and report the results of the measurements to the department, sector (headquarters) of the GOChS facility.

According to the measured and calculated for 1 hour radiation levels and the table of typical regimes, the head of the department, the civil defense sector determines the radiation protection regime for workers and employees and reports his proposals to the head of the civil defense emergency department of the economic facility (head of the facility). If radiation levels are not the same on the territory of the object, the mode is selected and set according to the maximum radiation level, recalculated for one hour after the explosion.

The regime of radiation protection of workers and employees is put into effect by the decision of the head of the Civil Defense and Emergencies Ministry, about which a message is transmitted over the radio broadcasting network of the facility and a report is submitted to the higher departments of the Civil Defense and Emergency Situations.

The exit from the radiation protection regime is also determined by the head of the Civil Defense and Emergency Service, about which all workers and employees of the OE are notified.

5. Assess the chemical situation in the event of an accident (spill) of a highly toxic substance at the facility.

A container with 50 tons of SDYAV - chlorine collapsed at the facility.

Degree of vertical air stability (inversion)

The wind blows in the direction of the object with a speed of U = 3 m/s. The size of the object is 3x2 km. population production staff 1500 people. Security with gas masks 90%. During the accident, production personnel were in the building. Temperature +20°С.

Define:

1. The depth of the zone of infection.
2. Evaporation time of a highly toxic substance.
3. The area of ​​the zone of possible infection.
4. Possible losses of production personnel, taking into account the availability of gas masks:

a) mild.

b) moderate and severe.

c) fatal.

Draw a diagram of the chemical contamination zone. Assess the situation and draw a conclusion.

From the tables, we determine the degree of vertical stability of the air according to the application data; under given weather conditions, this is an inversion. According to the table, we determine the depth of spread of contaminated air (according to the condition of the problem, the area is closed.):

Taking into account the correction factor for wind speed, the depth of widespread air is G1=41.1.0.45=18.495 km

Determine the width of the chemical contamination zone:

W = 0.15.18.495 = 2.77 km.

Determine the area of ​​the chemical contamination zone:

Zone of possible infection

Sv=8.82×10-3×Г2×φ=8.82×10-3×18.4952×45°=135.765 km2

Evaporation time is calculated by the formula: ;

Where h is the layer thickness (0.05), d is the density of SDYAV, K2 is the physical chemical. coefficient, K4 - wind speed coefficient, K7 - air temperature coefficient.

Possible losses of workers, population and personnel of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the focus of chemical damage, %.

Conditions for people	Without gas masks	Provision of people with gas masks, %
In open area
In the simplest hiding places

Based on the table, losses of 18% of personnel are possible if they are not taken to shelters, and 9% if they are in shelter.

Loss of people in the lesion:

Mild degree - 25%

Moderate and severe - 40%

Fatal - 35%.

Those. out of 1,500 people, 270 people will suffer, of which 67 people are light, 108 people - in the medium and severe stages, 95 people - with a fatal outcome.

6. Every year in the countries of the world n people die due to various dangers due to unnatural death (n is the number of accidents). Determine the risk R of death of a person per year, if N is known the number of people living in the country.

Options Initial parameters		Risk of death per year, R
In production
traffic accidents
By rail transport
By air transport
On the water transport
Natural disasters
In case of fire