Modern engine oils provide not only effective engine lubrication, but also its cleanliness and cooling. This is assuming that the appropriate grease recommended by the manufacturer is used. But not all motorists adhere to these rules, which leads to the most sad consequences. In this article, we will consider Gazpromneft oil, consumer reviews, tolerances and other useful information.

general information

As already noted, a quality product in without fail must be certified. The presence of counterfeit protection on the packaging also plays a role. Today, branded expensive oils are often counterfeited, selling them for more affordable price. Many people fall for it. As a result, the lubricant loses its effectiveness after several thousand runs. It practically does not wash off carbon deposits, since they save a lot on the additive package, and in general the engine will work much worse on it.

That is why we can say that expensive is not always high quality and vice versa. A vivid example of this is Gazpromneft oil. Consumer reviews are mostly positive, and this despite the low cost. The thing is that the more famous the manufacturer, the more expensive such a product, although it may not stand out in any way compared to cheaper oils.

Viscosity and classification

First of all, you need to be able to choose the right viscosity of engine oil. Often, the manufacturer indicates not only this parameter, but also provides a specific lubricant. If you follow these simple recommendations and do not complicate, then power unit car will thank you in the form of long-term trouble-free operation. On some brands of cars, a suitable viscosity is indicated on the oil filler cap.

API classification of engine oil is also very important. The fact is that modern diesel and gasoline engines require a certain package of additives, which is not necessary for older engines. For example, the API SM mark of conformity was approved in 2010 and is suitable for the most modern gasoline ICEs. There are also anti-oxidation additives, and viscosity characteristics are much improved at low temperatures. And now we go further.

About Gazpromneft

In 2007, this company appeared, it is subsidiary oil company "Gazprom". In just a few years of work, we managed to achieve high sales. So modern lubricating oils "Gazpromneft" are in demand not only in the Russian Federation, but also in countries such as Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan and others.

Currently, Gazpromneft engine oil, reviews of which we will consider, boasts a wide range. There is plenty to choose from for both domestic and foreign cars. Moreover, the company produces oils not only for cars, but also for trucks, which is an additional plus. There are usually no problems with the choice, since it is really huge. You can find a suitable option for both a modern diesel engine and an old domestic gasoline engine.

Engine oil "Gazpromneft": reviews and types

Consumer opinion is that lubricants from this manufacturer are much less likely to be faked. This is due to the low cost of engine oil, therefore, such counterfeit is a low-profit business. Where it is more profitable to fake "Motul" or "Castrol". That is why many give preference to a domestic manufacturer, since there is confidence in the authenticity, and therefore, the characteristics will be close to those indicated on the package.

Currently, Gazpromneft 5w40 oil (synthetics) is the most popular. Reviews confirm high quality product. In addition, the manufacturer talks about the following advantages:

good additive package; reduced fuel consumption; effective cleaning properties; protection of internal combustion engines from corrosion; minimum consumption for waste.

In addition, all this is confirmed by laboratory studies, which is extremely important. This is due to the fact that in some cases the characteristics indicated on the manufacturer's website do not always correspond to reality. It is worth noting that 5w40 synthetics are suitable for use in diesel and gasoline engines of cars and trucks. Can also be used for motors with API class SM/CF.

Claimed Benefits

The Gazpromneft company is responsible for the quality of its products and values ​​its reputation, therefore lubricants have a good quality base. The low cost, which is often repulsive, is due to the minimum cost, which is achieved through the use of modern technologies in production. In addition, the manufacturer provides a guarantee for the protection of the internal combustion engine in any operating mode with timely replacement.

There is also a separate category "Long Life", which provides for a longer oil life without loss of performance. It costs a little more, but it fully pays off, since you need to change the lubricant in the internal combustion engine a little less often. Decent viscosity-temperature characteristics, Gazpromneft 5w40 oil can also boast of this. Synthetics, reviews of which we will consider, are recommended for effective work catalytic converter. Such lubrication extends the life of the particulate filter, which fails due to the poor quality of fuel and oil.

Oil "Gazpromneft" 5w40: reviews of motorists

For the most part, they talk about low cost and decent quality. Drivers are often compared with Lukoil. The latter costs a little more, but does not stand out in any way. In addition, it is an extremely relevant choice for Far East and northern regions. Drivers note that even at low temperatures it does not thicken much and allows you to start the engine without any problems.

Previously, the company was focused on the sale of lubricating motor and transmission oils to large automobile factories, single production was rare. Now the situation has changed radically. At almost every gas station you can find Gazpromneft 5w40 oil. Consumer reviews often come down to the fact that if you use a lubricant from this manufacturer for a long time and follow the replacement intervals, then everything will be in order. For example, at 5w40, the engine runs quieter, the operation of hydraulic lifters is almost inaudible.

Semi-synthetic base

This type engine oils mostly used on domestic cars and old foreign cars. It is also used on vehicles such as UAZ and others. In general, a very worthy choice. Experts note that Gazpromneft's semi-synthetics are no worse than Lukoil's, and even win in some respects.

It is worth highlighting the following advantages noticed in the process of direct use:

practically does not fade; high viscosity-temperature characteristics; removes carbon deposits well; has a low cost.

In general, if there is the necessary approval for your car, then it is definitely worth trying Gazpromneft oil. Semi-synthetics reviews are positive in 70% of cases. Occasionally there is a well-founded negative, which will also be discussed.

Main disadvantages

As noted above, consumers do not always speak positively about Gazpromneft 10w 40 oil. Reviews often indicate that, contrary to the claims of manufacturers, the lubricant is good enough for waste. But here you also need to consider the condition of the motor. In some cases, at -30 it was not possible to start the internal combustion engine, which can also indicate a low quality of viscosity characteristics.

Darkening is noticeable after 1-2 thousand kilometers, while imported oils change color a little later. But this should not be taken as a negative. Rather, it is an advantage that speaks of high detergents. But if the darkening is accompanied by a deterioration in the operation of the engine, then it is already worth considering.

Oil "Gazpromneft" (synthetics) reviews are more positive. Dissatisfied users are extremely rare. If we take from the total mass, then this is about 20%. But even here you need to understand that about half, complaining about engine oil, have serious problems with the engine, hence all the consequences.

Summing up

So we examined the products of the Gazpromneft company with you. In general, this is an excellent choice, especially in times of crisis, when a 5-liter canister of imported motor oil can cost 3-4 thousand rubles, and a domestic product is 2-3 times cheaper. In this case, you can even reduce the replacement interval to 5-6 thousand kilometers so that there are no problems at all.

Of course, if you are not at all sure of the quality, then it is better not to use Gazpromneft 5w40 engine oil. Reviews say quite the opposite. The fact is that some stereotypes have formed about the low quality of domestic products. Of course, they cannot be called unfounded, but in fact, not everything is so bad. The automotive industry in the Russian Federation does not stand still, and the world of motor oils is developing along with it. Perhaps that is why it makes sense to try a cheaper, but no less high-quality alternative to expensive foreign lubricants.

NEWSPAPER OF THE WEEK IN SARATOV, No. 23 (437) of 06/27/2017

The deal was approved by the Russian government in mid-June. In addition to the shares of the Saratov enterprise, the shares of four more project subsidiaries of the energy corporation will be withdrawn from the parent company PJSC Gazprom: 98.7% of the shares of Gazprom Promgaz, 51% of the shares of Giprogaztsentr, 60% of the shares of Giprospetsgaz and 51% of the shares "North Caucasian Scientific Research Design Institute of Natural Gases".

This information passed through the federal media two weeks ago quietly and without any explanatory comments. The Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Saratov region did not explain anything either. The new minister has just taken up his position, but has already made it clear that the efficiency, which the regional Ministry of Industry has been famous for for many years in working with the media, is not in his honor. Therefore, while Minister Kulikov formulates his position and the response to the editors' request about the consequences of the alienation of VNIPIgazdobycha shares for the enterprise itself and the region, we are forced to speculate about to whom and why control over the oldest and iconic design institute is being transferred. And what to expect from it.

Version one "Profitable contracts"

At present, all of the above design organizations are under the control of a new Gazprom subsidiary - OOO Gazprom Proektirovanie. It was established two years ago - in March 2015 - to consolidate project assets in order to "ensure uniform standards of project activities and improve work efficiency." Director General of OOO Gazprom Proektirovanie, registered in St. Petersburg, with authorized capital at 942 thousand rubles, Oleg Andreev became. In April 2015, he was also appointed director of all design institutes of the concern - Gazprom Promgaz, Giprospetsgaz, Giprogaztsentr, VNIPIgazdobycha, TyumenNIIgiprogaz, SevKavNIPIgaz, Gazprom Central Design Bureau, LLC Podzemgidromineral SPC .

According to official information published at the start of these structural changes in Gazprom, all institutions, including the Saratov PJSC VNIPIgazdobycha, were to become branches of the holding. Even then, a number of experts feared that, as a result of this step, research institutes would simply disappear as independent companies.

Employees of the Tyumen Institute, for example, shared with journalists their guesses that in this way Gazprom bypasses legal obstacles: “In order to carry out the reform process, an order from the government of the Russian Federation is needed. This usually takes a long time - from 6 months to 2 years. By the time the government of the Russian Federation agrees on the alienation of shares, that is, it will allow the official transfer of control over organizations to a new structural unit, LLC "Gazprom design" will take away all the "profitable contracts" of regional design institutes. This does not exclude the transfer of personnel, equipment and other assets. Consequently, all proceeds and taxes also go to the St. Petersburg company, and regional institutions turn into empty shells.

There is something to fear. In 2015, as Business Vector wrote, the Saratov-based VNIPIgazdobych had a multi-billion dollar portfolio of orders for the design of the Power of Siberia gas pipeline, the Amur gas processing plant, and the development of a number of gas condensate fields in Eastern Siberia and on the shelf of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. The company employed 1,813 people whose monthly income, consisting of salaries and bonuses, averaged 60-70 thousand rubles. The institute's revenue in 2014 reached about 11 billion rubles. In 2015, revenues were expected to increase to 12 billion rubles.

What is happening at the enterprise now is unknown. But by now everything design institutes"Gazprom" really became regional branches of LLC "Gazprom design". Probably with all the ensuing consequences. Therefore, the government’s permission to alienate PJSC Gazprom’s shares in these organizations, which arrived in time by June 12 of this year (probably in favor of Gazprom Projecting LLC), simply becomes final stage already implemented reform.

Version two "Free market"

Sergey Lisovsky, who for a long time headed the regional Ministry of Industry and Energy, suggested that the approval by the Russian government of the alienation of Gazprom shares in design institutes could also mean an attempt to bring enterprises to free competitive market.

"This process is already underway. large companies. And transport companies are sold, and others service companies. Perhaps Gazprom also considered that project activity can relate to service functions and can be brought to the free market, - Sergey Mikhailovich believes. - At one time, specialized drilling organizations, which were in every oil and gas producing company, were allowed to enter the market. Not everywhere it gave a positive result, a significant part of the organizations died, and their place in the market was taken by import companies. The results may be different, and here everything depends on which owner comes to control the enterprises. If the one that can receive orders is able to load the enterprise stably, everything will be fine. And if the goal is the subsequent sale of buildings and other assets, then this is another story.

According to Lisovsky, if the assumption about the withdrawal of design institutes to the free market is correct, then he himself would not approve this step and would object if he were the minister of the relevant department. It is because of fears that the region may lose such an enterprise as VNIPIgazdobycha.

“I worked closely with the VNIPIgazdobycha Institute and saw its huge role in the Gazprom system. Design, development of deposits, main pipeline transport are the most serious objects, and the Institute's qualifications made it possible to carry out this work with high quality and on time. At the same time, the institute brought to the treasury of the region very serious sums. There were years when the amount of taxes approached a billion. Getting such taxes from a design institute is nonsense, says Lisovsky. - The most valuable specialists work at the VNIPIgazdobycha Institute, if they disperse, then there will simply be no one to replace them, it is not so easy to train such specialists. Therefore, I believe that, nevertheless, in the event of the alienation of shares or the merger of enterprises, the takeover of some by others, and in the event of any structural transformations of leading companies, it is necessary to carry out clear explanatory work, make the process as transparent as possible, including from the side of the government. It is necessary to give guarantees to maintain the direction of the enterprise.

The worst comes true

Employees of some institutes themselves tell how structural transformations are actually taking place in design organizations managed by the Gazprom Projection holding. To communicate with each other, they created a special group in social network"VKontakte" (open group "Gazprom design"). On May 17 of this year, one of the users described the results of the merger of the St. Petersburg holding and the Tyumen Institute TyumenNIIgiprogaz as follows:

“During the merger in 2015 of TyumenNIIgiprogaz and Gazpromproektirovanie, the management promised a bright future and incredible prospects. The slogans and propaganda were at the highest level. They promised to raise wages, reduce output per person, consolidate all design work"Gazprom" in one institute with the big name "Gazprom design", they talked about reductions as about a point reduction in the management apparatus.

Two years have passed since this significant event, and some results can be summed up.

Slogans and agitation were only propaganda. The average level of salaries for an engineer has fallen by 30% and continues to decline, especially in this case the indexation of 5% looks ridiculous. The output per person has increased, there has been no consolidation of design work in one design institute, other design institutes in Tyumen still make Gazprom objects, Gazprom design does not distribute work, new objects remain the merits of the GIP.

Since the beginning of the year, the majority of pensioners and some departments with duplicating functions in St. Petersburg have been laid off, the staff turnover is striking in its scope. The scientific division for 2017 works at TyumenNIIgiprogaz and sees the translation as a nightmare.

The support of employees at all levels of management is heartwarming. So, at a meeting with Deputy General Director Skrylev S.A. a rhetorical question was asked about the implementation of the collective agreement. How long will the canteen subsidized by TyumenNIIgiprogaz be so tasteless and expensive to cook that most of the employees do not eat there. To which the answer was received: “If you don’t like it, don’t go and don’t eat.” What kind of representation of the interests of workers in St. Petersburg can we talk about if there is none even at the economic level?

In March 2016, TyumenNIIgiprogaz celebrated its 50th anniversary, and the award for transferred employees was bypassed. Everything is heading towards the next collapse of the enterprise, which will end half a century of the history of the development, design and development of industry in Western Siberia..

Other messages in the group describe mainly what is happening in the Moscow branch of OOO Gazprom proektirovanie:

09.06.2017. “The joy of the employees - they will be transferred to Gazprom Design LLC - turned out to be premature. Workers who reached retirement age were successfully laid off in June. The next step is to optimize costs.”

07.03.2017. “A celebratory buffet at Gazprom Proektirovanie will take place. But for a narrow circle. The tradition of the Moscow branch of OOO Gazprom proektirovanie to arrange receptions for the team is dead. As Dimon said, there is no money. Moreover, they are not in Gazprom, thanks to the efforts of Miller.

06.02.2017. « Good news from Gazprom - since the beginning of 2017, the salary of Gazprom employees has been increased by 5 (five) percent. And the top management - by 20%.

19.12.2016. “According to the numerous wishes of the workers, the number of employees of the AUP is being reduced. At a meeting with the work team, the General Director was asked the question: “How can piecework-bonus wages be able to stimulate AUP employees?” Then CEO didn't find an answer. Now a way out has been found - employees of the AUP are starting to be reduced. This correct and timely measure will increase the wages of those who remain. The employees of the planning department and accounting were the first to be laid off. We look forward to the next wise decisions.”

Main PAO problems Gazprom

The current global financial and economic crisis hit all sectors and sectors of the economy, had a serious negative impact on international finance and stock markets, industrial production and world trade, the service sector and the virtual economy. It influenced the global energy industry, its individual industries and investment processes in them. But this impact was not as unambiguous and unidirectional as in other sectors of the world economy. The energy sector, especially its infrastructure and network segments, turned out to be more resistant to the crisis than other sectors of the economy.

Investments in the global energy sector began to decline in the second half of 2008, when the economic and financial crisis picked up speed and captured almost all developed and developing countries.

With all the variety of causes of the crisis, one main factor can be singled out in different energy sectors. In the oil and gas industry, the main reason for the difficulties was the reduction in the flow of cash into the accounts of energy companies due to falling in the second half of 2008-early 2009. oil prices. In the power industry? decrease in demand due to the economic downturn. And in the coal industry - overproduction of coal.

The impact of the crisis on energy sectors also has its own characteristics. The oil and gas industries are seeing reduced investment, delays in the pace of implementation, and project cancellations. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the investment budgets of oil and gas companies by May 2009 were reduced by approximately 21% compared to the corresponding period in 2008. In absolute terms, this amounts to almost $100 billion.

According to the IEA, in the period from October 2008 to May 2009, more than 20 previously planned large-scale oil and gas exploration, production and transportation projects worth more than $ 170 billion and with a production volume of approximately 2 million barrels of oil and 1 billion m3 of gas per day were postponed indefinitely. Another 35 projects with production volumes of 4.2 million barrels of oil and 2.3 billion m3 of gas per day have been postponed for up to 18 months. Companies in fields with a relatively high cost of oil and gas extraction, as well as small and medium-sized enterprises in the industry, experienced the greatest difficulties.

However, the appearance of delays in the implementation of investment contracts is explained not so much by the crisis as by the complexity of the nature of civil law relations at energy infrastructure facilities, when one subject of economic relations acts as the owner of these facilities? the state, and another investor - the private sector. The cumbersomeness of such public-private partnership (PPP) projects, high investment costs, high payback periods for invested funds, complex mobilization schemes financial resources with the involvement of various institutional investors, other objective factors predetermine the fact that the share of renegotiated contracts and difficulties in their implementation will continue to be significant.

At the same time, large, expensive energy projects are difficult not only to start, but also to stop. Before a decision is made to start them, various financially intensive studies are carried out. Feasibility studies and design and estimate documentation also worth big money. It takes a lot of time, effort and money to develop business models and financial schemes, to establish special company project finance, attracting investors. Construction takes years, and return on investment takes decades. But if a decision is made to start a project, money is invested in it, it has an important economic, political, strategic value (namely, these are projects in the field of natural gas), then it is also difficult to stop it without significant economic, financial, socio-political and other consequences for the state, business and society.

In the challenging environment, Gazprom retained its financial stability and ability to implement major projects.

Based on the analysis of PJSC Gazprom's activities in the global and domestic markets, the following key problems can be identified.

1 Decrease in oil prices.

In the second half of 2014, there was a sharp and deep drop in oil prices. During the reporting year, the price of Brent and Urals oil has lost about 50%. Figure 2.6 shows the dynamics of prices for Urals oil in 2014.

Figure 2.6 - Dynamics of prices for Urals oil in 2014

Such a strong fall was preceded by a complex of reasons, the main of which were:

• - a reduction in the growth rate of oil consumption due to a slowdown in the development of the Chinese economy - the main driver of growth in oil consumption in recent years;
• - an increase in oil production and a reduction in imports of oil and oil products to the United States;
• - an increase in oil production in Iraq and Libya while maintaining production volumes in other OPEC countries;
• - unwillingness of Saudi Arabia to reduce production volumes to maintain oil prices at a high level;
• - the slowdown in global economic growth that emerged in mid-2014.
• 2. Reducing gas consumption and developing a hybrid pricing model in the European market.

In 2014, the European gas market, which is one of Gazprom's three main markets, saw a significant drop in demand. According to preliminary data, gas consumption in non-CIS European countries amounted to 486.0 bcm, which is 54.3 bcm or 10.1% less than in 2013. The reasons for the decrease in gas consumption were:

• - changing the structure of consumption in the European market, increasing the importance of the weather factor;
• - displacement of natural gas by coal in the field of power generation;
• - EU energy policy - development of energy-saving standards and technologies aimed at reducing the consumption of all energy resources, support for projects related to the use of renewable energy sources.

The main factor that determined such a significant drop in demand was the abnormally warm winter of 2013/2014. and mild weather conditions in 2014. Currently, the European market uses gas primarily in the domestic sector. Its share in natural gas consumption increased from 39.0% in 2009 to 41.9% in 2014.

Figure 2.7 shows the dynamics of consumption and own production of gas in European countries of the far abroad, 2005-2014.

Figure 2.7 - dynamics of consumption and own production of gas in European countries of the far abroad, 2005-2014

Simultaneously with the decline in prices for petroleum products, there was a fall in prices for natural gas by trading floors(habah) Europe. Thus, the average annual quotes for the month ahead on the Dutch TTF trading floor in 2014 decreased compared to 2013 by 17.9% in dollar terms, on the German NCG - by 17.6% and amounted to 298.75 in 2014 USD/1,000 m3 and 301.86 USD/1,000 m3, respectively.

Figure 2.8 - Dynamics of prices for natural gas "one month ahead" on the TTF and NCG trading floors, 2005-2014

3. Decrease in gas consumption, competition from independent producers and the beginning of exchange trading in gas on the Russian market.

The total gas consumption in the Russian Federation in 2014 amounted to 458.4 bcm, down 1% year-on-year. Natural and climatic factors had the greatest impact on the dynamics of the indicator. So, almost throughout the reporting period, the average monthly temperature indicators environment significantly exceeded the long-term averages.

Figure 2.8 shows the dynamics of domestic gas consumption in the Russian Federation for 2010-2014.

Figure 2.8 - dynamics of domestic gas consumption in the Russian Federation for 2010-2014

In the second half of 2014, the influence of economic and political factors increased: another round of the financial and economic crisis, provoked and accelerated by the political crisis in Ukraine and the imposition of economic sanctions against Russia, led to a general decrease in gas consumption in the main sectors - gas consumers: in the electric power industry, cement industry, metallurgy and agrochemistry.

On the domestic market gas, the state-regulated sector significantly prevails over the unregulated one. OAO Gazprom is the dominant supplier of gas at regulated prices. A number of regional gas companies also operate in a regulated mode outside the UGSS coverage area.

Against the backdrop of declining gas consumption, independent gas producers increased its supplies to consumers. In 2014, the volume of gas supplied by independent producers to Russian consumers increased by 12.9% and amounted to 115.8 bcm. OAO NOVATEK and OAO NK Rosneft in 2014 supplied about 84% of the total volume of gas supplied by all independent producers to the GTS.

Independent natural gas producers, having significant advantages over OAO Gazprom in terms of gas sales on the domestic market, offer large and stable consumers in highly profitable regions (including the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions) their gas at below regulated prices. For this reason, an increasing number of consumers enter into supply contracts with independent gas producers. As a result, the domestic market is growing specific gravity independent manufacturers.

More favorable conditions for doing business by independent manufacturers include:

• - no restrictions on the selling price of gas, the ability to provide consumers with discounts on the regulated price;
• - lower transportation costs due to shorter gas transportation distances;
• - lower tax burden - the level of the mineral extraction tax rate for independent organizations is 1.5 times lower than the rate for OAO Gazprom;
• - priority access to Gazprom's GTS for suppliers of stripped dry gas obtained as a result of APG processing.

At the same time, independent producers practically do not supply gas for the needs of the population, while Gazprom has social obligations and acts as a guarantee gas supplier to the population.

An important tool in the field of forming market principles and increasing the transparency of pricing in the gas market, the possibility of obtaining market indicators for the pricing system is gas exchange trading. In order to develop market pricing principles, Gazprom is legally allowed to sell up to 17.5 billion m3 of gas at prices not regulated by the state at organized auctions (commodity exchanges and trading systems) since 2013

4. Competition from producers of hydrocarbons from unconventional sources, the situation on the LNG market.

Interest in the topic of unconventional gas, mainly shale, in last years due to the unprecedented rapid growth of its production in the United States. Shale gas production in industrially significant volumes is still carried out only in countries North America- USA and Canada. Shale gas is not supplied outside the North American continent. In other regions - Europe, China, Australia, Argentina and Saudi Arabia - the shale gas industry is at an early stage of development. Thus, at present, there is no competition with shale gas in the foreign markets to which OAO Gazprom supplies or plans to supply Russian gas.

Figure 2.9 - Volume of world LNG trade, 2005-2014

At the same time, there is a possibility of competition with North American shale gas in the medium term: a number of companies have announced the development of projects for the export of LNG, produced, among other things, from US shale gas.

One of the leading Russian private engineering companies, Giprogazoochistka (GGO), turned to the government for help. The financial problems of the company, among other things, are caused by the refusal of Bashneft from the contract after it was transferred under the control of Rosneft. The Ministry of Energy now wants to transfer the asset of a large oil company and recommended Gazprom Neft to hold a meeting with representatives of the GGO. According to analysts, the situation for GGO is complicated by the reduction of the design market and the fact that large oil and gas companies have their own design structures.

As it became known to Kommersant, Deputy Energy Minister Kirill Molodtsov turned to Anatoly Cherner, Deputy Chairman of Gazprom Neft, with a request to help the engineering company JSC Giprogazoochistka (Kommersant has a copy of the letter), specializing in design solutions in oil refining. Mr. Molodtsov notes that “due to a number of objective and subjective circumstances”, the GGO is in a difficult financial condition, and asks to consider the possibility of its entry into one of the vertically integrated oil companies. This letter was the response of the Ministry of Energy to the requests of the GGO for assistance in “preserving competencies and the core of the personnel”, which the company sent to the government and large oil companies. Gazprom Neft, Rosneft, LUKOIL and GGO, as well as the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Industry and Trade declined to comment.

GGO's clients include all major oil companies, including Rosneft, LUKOIL and Gazprom Neft. According to SPARK, the main shareholder is Sergey Anisimov (he died in October). The company's revenue in 2016 decreased by 38%, to 2.11 billion rubles, and in 2017 it will not exceed 700 million rubles, according to Mikhail Burmistrov from Infoline-Analytics, while the company will receive a loss. One of Kommersant's sources notes that GGO's debt is several billion rubles.

According to the company, it financial difficulties related to the delay in payments under contracts, primarily from Rosneft and Bashneft. The company had a contract with Bashneft, concluded in 2014, when the state owned a controlling stake in the company. After the transfer of Bashneft into the ownership of Rosneft, it refused to fulfill the contract, after which GGO went to court, having already sued €6.6 million out of the required €7 million. In addition, GGO received less payment under the contract concluded in 2014 with CJSC Neftekhimproekt for VNHK Rosneft, which ordered to reduce the cost of the contract. GGO filed a lawsuit on August 11 in an attempt to recover 279 million rubles. In addition, according to the GGO, it received less funds from OMZ-Delim (OD, JV OMZ and South Korean Daelim) under contracts for the design of a deep oil refining complex for Omsk refinery Gazprom Neft. The court of first instance awarded the GGO 213 million rubles. and $7.5 thousand. OMZ “Kommersant” stated that GGO “over a certain period of time either did not fulfill its obligations under two contracts on time, or, at the request of the OD, did not eliminate significant defects in the working documentation that were made during its development.” OD also filed a lawsuit against the GGO for the total amount of 413.7 million rubles, but there is no decision on it yet.

“GGO has many years of experience and strong competencies in the field of designing oil and gas facilities, but independent companies it is difficult to compete with state and international companies affiliated with customers,” says Mikhail Burmistrov. He notes that the situation became more complicated in 2016-2017 against the backdrop of the completion of the refinery modernization program, when “competition for new projects has increased dramatically.”

The analyst emphasizes that the largest oil and gas companies - Gazprom, Rosneft, LUKOIL, and SIBUR - already have their own design institutes. In his opinion, now “the advantages of captive design companies (guaranteed portfolio of orders, financial stability, the ability to interact more effectively with international licensor companies) outweigh the disadvantages.” The capacity of the project services market, he notes, for oil and gas industry in 2017 decreased to 150 billion rubles, including in the refining segment - about 25 billion rubles.

Natural monopolies on the example of OAO "Gazprom". Ways to solve problems and development prospects

2.3 Main problems of OAO Gazprom

Despite the above indicators for gas production in the world, not everything is going well for the natural monopolist. There are a number of problems that prevent normal functioning, among them:

Reduction by Gazprom of gas production volumes;

Increase in the cost of gas production;

Gazprom's lack of financial resources;

Reducing the efficiency of Gazprom's activities. gasforum.ru - Analysis public opinion on the state and problems of reforming the gas industry of the Russian Federation

The presence of these problems indicates the need to develop proposals for the reform of OAO Gazprom and the development of the gas market in the country. It also requires a change in approaches to exploration and development promising deposits gas to secure the resource base.

Let's consider the above problems in more detail.

In the next three years, gas will rise in price by 15 percent per year. At least, this figure is included in the proposals of the Ministry of Economic Development on indexing the tariffs of natural monopolies, which the Ministry has recently announced. Judging by the calls to " Russian newspaper"It's making people angry.

Yes, indeed, in recent years, gas has been constantly becoming more expensive, and much higher than the rate of inflation. But if earlier we tolerated it relatively easily, since the prices themselves were noticeably lower, now indexation is becoming more and more sensitive. Therefore, the people are fuming and ready to protest. We are a country that has huge gas reserves, but still have to pay huge prices for gas, while the wages of workers remain the same.

What is the way out of this situation: prohibit Gazprom from raising prices. And let him, like a state monopoly, keep them low. Accordingly, the problem of many other rises in prices will be solved. First of all - tariffs for housing and communal services. Electricity is known to for the most part depends on gas prices. If they (tariffs) increase by 15 percent, then electricity will increase by at least 10 percent. The same is with warmth. Etc. And thus proisholit rise in price on all front.

What step should we take? To enable gas companies to keep at least the break-even point and gradually raise prices. But at the same time, salaries should rise. But until this decision is made, the question should be raised of Gazprom intensifying its efforts to reduce costs so that the rates of tariff growth are reduced. Because they must be consistent with the dynamics of salaries.

There is another important problem. There has been no real growth in natural gas production in Russia in recent years. Thus, according to the official data of Gazprom, the real increase in production over the past 3 years, from 2004 to 2007, amounted to only 2-3 billion cubic meters. m per year (in 2004, 552 billion cubic meters were produced, in 2006 - 556 billion cubic meters). While in order to cover domestic needs and export supplies by 2010, it was necessary to produce an additional 50-60 billion cubic meters in addition to the existing level of natural gas production. m of gas per year. However, Gazprom has no real prospects for a significant increase in gas production in the near future due to a lack of investment. And this problem can be attributed to the fact that the concern is currently investing in the construction of new pipelines, and only friendly contractors benefit. Otherwise, it is impossible to explain the existence of projects such as laying a pipe to China without guarantees on prices and volumes. It seems that the principle works: "The main thing is to build." According to analysts, this monopoly needs to be reformed, dividing it by type of business.

The issue of reforming Gazprom has been raised for a long time, but the reform was postponed indefinitely, and, as they say, thank God. So far, among all project participants there is not only a consensus, but also a common understanding of what goals this reform can pursue and what risks for the country's economy this entails.

The concept of reforming Gazprom began to be developed at the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade in parallel with the programs for restructuring the railway sector and the electric power industry. Not surprisingly, all these concepts provide for the reform of natural monopolies along the same lines. The initial premise and the main justification for the need for reform is the idea of ​​an approaching crisis in the industry, which promises terrible shocks to the national economy. Thus, the starting thesis in the concept of restructuring the electric power industry was the statements of the reformers that starting from 2003, Russia expects a massive failure of generating capacities due to the exhaustion of their resources. In the concept of reforming Gazprom, the initial thesis was the statement about the forthcoming gas shortage.

The key to solving the problem of the industry, according to the plan of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, should be to increase its investment attractiveness, for which it is necessary to increase industry tariffs for products of natural monopolies to the market level. And so that tariffs do not grow to too sky-high heights, it is necessary to launch natural limiters in the form of competition mechanisms. To do this, the existing large single companies must be divided into several small ones that will compete with each other. And the consumer, in turn, will choose the supplier who will offer him the most attractive conditions. That part of the monopolies that, by definition, cannot be competitive, that is, the transport component, should be separated into a separate state-owned company.

The second concept of reforming Gazprom belongs to the Union of Independent Gas Producers (Soyuzgaz). It was introduced this summer. The interests and goals of independent gas producers are transparent: they seek, as a result of the reform of the gas industry, to gain access to the pipeline in order to be able to export their gas.

But what about Gazprom itself? He also developed his own concept of reform, a significant part of which was copied exactly from the concept of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade (or vice versa). Naturally, the gas monopolist does not mention the separation of the gas transmission structure into a separate company in its concept, but notes in passing that "the industry was planned, created and operates as a centrally controlled one system gas supply, covering all links of the technological chain from exploration and production of gas to its supply to gas distribution networks.

In the opinion of Gazprom, there is no economic point in allocating a pipe (Transgaz) on a national scale, but there is a problem of building a new one. After all, now the monopolist is able to ensure the delivery of all gas produced by independent producers to consumers. And the reasonable objection of the “independents” that with freer access to the pipe they could sharply increase investments, and hence production, is countered by the fact that in this case Gazprom will have to reduce production - the pipe is not rubber, there is no room for everyone enough.

In early 2003, Gazprom published its draft concept for the reform of Gazprom. Russian union industrialists and entrepreneurs (RSPP). Transition to the free market - the main objective RSPP concepts. This is supposed to be done through "an evolutionary reform of the gas market with the help of a two-sector market mechanism with a gradual increase in the unregulated sector and a reduction in the regulated one." However, according to the authors of the concept, "in the current situation, a simple increase in prices or the organization of a free gas market will be beneficial primarily to the monopolist, but will not solve the problems of the industry as a whole." Therefore, it is proposed to spin off a subsidiary company, Rostransgaz, as part of Gazprom, with the transfer of fixed assets associated with the transportation and storage of gas, as well as the functions of dispatching gas flows.

After analyzing all four reform options, three important conclusions can be drawn.

Conclusion one. Each developer has their own goals. The Ministry of Economic Development and Trade wants to create a competitive market, the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs wants to meet the interests of gas consumers without prejudice to the interests of Gazprom, Soyuzgaz wants to provide free access to the Gazprom pipeline, Gazprom wants to eliminate unprofitability domestic market. Taken together, they are unanimous in how, in general terms, this should be done: create a two-sector gas market and raise domestic gas prices in Russia.

Second conclusion. Neither the radical concept of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, nor the similar proposals of Soyuzgaz clearly explain why, in order to achieve all the goals set out, it is necessary to separate from Gazprom main gas pipelines into a separate structure. But if you do not focus on this controversial and meaningless proposal, then the reform of the gas industry in terms of creating an unregulated sector of the gas market, changing tariffs taking into account the investment component, and organizational division of activities within Gazprom can begin even tomorrow.

Conclusion the third. It turns out that the main and only obstacle to the gas reform is the super-liberal beliefs of the MEDT officials, who, it seems, are only trying to ensure that after them there is not a single one left on the Russian economic landscape. large object

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