home Business blogs Problems of the design industry Gazprom. Gazprom Neft is recommended by a design institute

Problems of the design industry Gazprom. Gazprom Neft is recommended by a design institute

Natural monopolies on the example of OAO "Gazprom". Ways to solve problems and development prospects

2.3 Main problems of OAO Gazprom

Despite the above indicators for gas production in the world, not everything is going well for the natural monopolist. There are a number of problems that prevent normal functioning, among them:

Reduction by Gazprom of gas production volumes;

Increase in the cost of gas production;

Gazprom's lack of financial resources;

Reducing the efficiency of Gazprom's activities. gasforum.ru - Analysis of public opinion on the state and problems of reforming the Russian gas industry

The presence of these problems indicates the need to develop proposals for the reform of OAO Gazprom and the development of the gas market in the country. It also requires a change in approaches to exploration and development promising deposits gas to secure the resource base.

Let's consider the above problems in more detail.

In the next three years, gas will rise in price by 15 percent per year. At least, this figure is included in the proposals of the Ministry of Economic Development on indexing the tariffs of natural monopolies, which the Ministry has recently announced. Judging by the calls to " Russian newspaper"It's making people angry.

Yes indeed, last years gas is constantly becoming more expensive, and much higher than the rate of inflation. But if earlier we tolerated it relatively easily, since the prices themselves were noticeably lower, now indexation is becoming more and more sensitive. Therefore, the people are fuming and ready to protest. We are a country that has huge gas reserves, but still have to pay huge gas prices, while the wages of workers remain the same.

What is the way out of this situation: prohibit Gazprom from raising prices. And let him, like a state monopoly, keep them low. Accordingly, the problem of many other rises in prices will be solved. First of all - tariffs for housing and communal services. Electricity, as you know, mostly depends on gas tariffs. If they (tariffs) increase by 15 percent, then electricity will increase by at least 10 percent. The same is with warmth. Etc. And thus proisholit rise in price on all front.

What step should we take? To enable gas companies to keep at least the break-even point and gradually raise prices. But at the same time, salaries should rise. But until this decision is made, the question should be raised of Gazprom intensifying its efforts to reduce costs so that the rates of tariff growth are reduced. Because they must be consistent with the dynamics of salaries.

There is another important problem. Real production growth natural gas has not been observed in Russia in recent years. Thus, according to the official data of Gazprom, the real increase in production over the past 3 years, from 2004 to 2007, amounted to only 2-3 billion cubic meters. m per year (in 2004, 552 billion cubic meters were produced, in 2006 - 556 billion cubic meters). While in order to cover domestic needs and export supplies by 2010, it was necessary to produce an additional 50-60 billion cubic meters in addition to the existing level of natural gas production. m of gas per year. However, Gazprom has no real prospects for a significant increase in gas production in the near future due to a lack of investment. And this problem can be attributed to the fact that the concern is now investing in the construction of new pipelines, and only friendly contractors benefit. Otherwise, it is impossible to explain the existence of projects such as laying a pipe to China without guarantees on prices and volumes. It seems that the principle works: "The main thing is to build." According to analysts, this monopoly needs to be reformed, dividing it by type of business.

The issue of reforming Gazprom has been raised for a long time, but the reform was postponed indefinitely, and, as they say, thank God. So far, among all project participants there is not only a consensus, but also a common understanding of what goals this reform can pursue and what risks for the country's economy this entails.

The concept of reforming Gazprom began to be developed at the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade in parallel with the programs for restructuring the railway sector and the electric power industry. Not surprisingly, all these concepts provide for the reform of natural monopolies along the same lines. The initial premise and the main justification for the need for reform is the idea of an approaching crisis in the industry, which promises terrible shocks to the national economy. Thus, the starting thesis in the concept of restructuring the electric power industry was the statements of the reformers that starting from 2003, Russia is expecting a massive failure of generating capacities due to the exhaustion of their resources. In the concept of reforming Gazprom, the initial thesis was the statement about the forthcoming gas shortage.

The key to solving the problem of the industry, according to the plan of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, should be to increase its investment attractiveness, for which it is necessary to increase industry tariffs for products of natural monopolies to the market level. And so that tariffs do not grow to too sky-high heights, it is necessary to launch natural limiters in the form of competition mechanisms. To do this, the existing large single companies must be divided into several small ones that will compete with each other. And the consumer, in turn, will choose the supplier who will offer him the most attractive conditions. That part of the monopolies that, by definition, cannot be competitive, that is, the transport component, should be separated into a separate state-owned company.

The second concept of reforming Gazprom belongs to the Union of Independent Gas Producers (Soyuzgaz). It was introduced this summer. The interests and goals of independent gas producers are transparent: they seek, as a result of the reform of the gas industry, to gain access to the pipeline in order to be able to export their gas.

But what about Gazprom itself? He also developed his own concept of reform, a significant part of which was copied exactly from the concept of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade (or vice versa). Naturally, the gas monopolist does not mention the separation of the gas transmission structure into a separate company in its concept, but notes in passing that "the industry was planned, created and operates as a centrally controlled Unified Gas Supply System, covering all links of the technological chain from exploration and production of gas to its delivery to gas distribution networks.

In the opinion of Gazprom, there is no economic point in allocating a pipe (Transgaz) on a national scale, but there is a problem of building a new one. After all, now the monopolist is able to ensure the delivery of all gas produced by independent producers to consumers. And the reasonable objection of the “independents” that with freer access to the pipe they could sharply increase investments, and hence production, is countered by the fact that in this case Gazprom will have to reduce production - the pipe is not rubber, there is no room for everyone enough.

In early 2003, Gazprom published its draft concept for the reform of Gazprom. Russian union industrialists and entrepreneurs (RSPP). Transition to the free market - the main objective RSPP concepts. This is supposed to be done through "an evolutionary reform of the gas market with the help of a two-sector market mechanism with a gradual increase in the unregulated sector and a reduction in the regulated one." However, according to the authors of the concept, "in the current situation, a simple increase in prices or the organization of a free gas market will be beneficial primarily to the monopolist, but will not solve the problems of the industry as a whole." Therefore, it is proposed to allocate as part of Gazprom subsidiary"Rostransgaz" with the transfer to it of fixed assets related to the transportation and storage of gas, as well as the functions of dispatching gas flows.

After analyzing all four reform options, three important conclusions can be drawn.

Conclusion one. Each developer has their own goals. MEDT wants to create competitive market, RSPP - to comply with the interests of gas consumers without prejudice to the interests of "Gazprom", "Soyuzgaz" - to ensure free access to the Gazprom pipeline, "Gazprom" - to eliminate unprofitability domestic market. Taken together, they are unanimous in how, in general terms, this should be done: create a two-sector gas market and raise domestic gas prices in Russia.

Second conclusion. Neither the radical concept of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, nor the similar proposals of Soyuzgaz clearly explain why, in order to achieve all the goals set out, it is necessary to separate from Gazprom main gas pipelines into a separate structure. But if you do not focus on this controversial and meaningless proposal, then the reform of the gas industry in terms of creating an unregulated sector of the gas market, changing tariffs taking into account the investment component, and organizational division of activities within Gazprom can begin even tomorrow.

Conclusion the third. It turns out that the main and only obstacle to the gas reform is the super-liberal beliefs of the MEDT officials, who, it seems, are only trying to ensure that after them there is not a single one left on the Russian economic landscape. large object

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Today in the gas industry there is a large block of science-intensive and technologically complex problems that need to be solved in the coming years. Moreover, a large number of tasks concern not only PJSC Gazprom, but also the oil and gas complex as a whole. This is especially true during the period of anti-Russian sanctions imposed by the US and EU countries, since they are largely aimed at curbing the development of the industry.

Keywords: import substitution, science-intensive projects, liquefied natural gas, processing, offshore production, catalysts, supercomputer technologies, standardization.

UDC: 622.324
P.V. Krylov, PJSC "Gazprom" (St. Petersburg, RF).

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It should be noted that PJSC Gazprom has recently been successful in implementing large-scale projects to develop gas resources on the Yamal Peninsula, the Arctic shelf, Eastern Siberia and Far East. The second stage of the North European Gas Pipeline, the Power of Siberia, the third stage of the Sakhalin-2 LNG plant - this is an incomplete list of innovative projects on which work has already begun. However, the share of imported technologies and equipment is still very high in many projects.

In our opinion, the main promising areas scientific research to solve the problems of development and import substitution in the gas industry of the Russian Federation are the following:

creation and operation of complex technical systems;

control technical condition and ensuring the reliability of facilities in difficult conditions;

study of heat exchange processes;

development of catalytic systems and promising adsorbents;

gas dynamics;

mathematical modeling technological processes;

creation of system and applied software products for solving multicriteria optimization problems;

development of supercomputer technologies;

optimization planning experimental work.

The main applied application of developments within these scientific areas can be carried out in the implementation of large science-intensive projects, the work on which is currently being developed (Fig. 1).

Most promising projects PJSC Gazprom is associated with the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), processing and offshore production.

These are the Yuzhno-Kirinskoye field, the Amur GPP, LNG plants, etc. It is during the implementation of these projects that a large amount of research and development work is required, as well as the development of fundamentally new scientific approaches.

The creation of domestic technology and industrial prototypes of LNG production equipment is carried out in accordance with the Roadmap approved by the Chairman of the Gazprom Management Committee A.B. Miller. The main task is to create a domestic technology for large-tonnage LNG production (Fig. 2).

Actual experience with Russian LNG production equipment is limited. There are critical items of equipment that cannot currently be produced at the plants of the Russian Federation, such as liquefaction cycle heat exchangers, LNG loading and storage systems, etc.

At the first stage of the work, industrial Russian technologies and equipment for medium-tonnage LNG production will be created, which will serve as the basis for scaling up the results of the work in order to switch to the creation of Russian large-tonnage LNG production facilities with a capacity of more than 1 million tons per year.

As part of the development and development of LNG projects, a number of research projects are envisaged. In particular, it is planned to study the processes of heat transfer with boiling-condensation of a mixed refrigerant on tube bundles, as well as the designs of distributors for the mixed refrigerant flow in the annular space of twisted heat exchangers, on specially created experimental stands.

One of the most technically difficult tasks is the development of a domestic technology for underwater hydrocarbon production. As a result of this work, it is necessary to create a controlled complex for production and preparation of products for transport with the highest reliability and safety characteristics, completely located under water. At the same time, it should be noted the complexity of the direction and the lack of Russian experience in the design, manufacture and installation of subsea production systems and wellhead equipment. In fact, this is a separate important area in the production of high-tech equipment.

According to the Federal Agency for Subsoil Use, PJSC Gazprom is currently the leader in terms of the number of offshore mining licenses valid until 2045 (26% of all licenses issued in the Russian Federation). Gazprom's pilot projects are the Kirinskoye and Yuzhno-Kirinskoye fields located on the shelf of Sakhalin Island.
The main deposits to be developed by the Company also include the Obskoye, Kamennomysskoye-Sea, Severo-Kamennomysskoye, Tota-Yakhinskoye and others.

It should be noted that subsea production systems are integral part a large united block for the development of offshore fields, which also includes support vessels, equipment for exploration, spare parts and components, offshore aviation, and rescue support.

Subsea production systems include a number of technically complex equipment complexes: subsea Christmas trees, manifolds, separation units, umbilicals, etc. (Fig. 3).

Currently, the development of the Kirinskoye field is carried out using the equipment of one of the leaders in the production of equipment for underwater hydrocarbon production - FMC Technologies. The market leaders also include GE Oil&Gas and Aker Solutions. A number of companies in Brazil, China, and Singapore have experience in the production of equipment.

Gazprom is faced with the task of developing and introducing domestic equipment in the implementation of projects related to offshore hydrocarbon production, including creating a competitive environment, stimulating innovation, minimizing risks, and reducing development time. The created equipment must withstand competition in the world market.

Undoubtedly, such complexes are complex technical systems. In the process of their creation, it will be necessary to develop new materials, technologies and equipment, and in a very limited time frame.

An urgent task is to train highly qualified specialists in the development of design documentation, design, installation, commissioning and operation of subsea production systems.

The task of organizing the production of domestic catalysts is extremely urgent due to the fact that in many areas the dependence of the industry on imported catalysts exceeds 70–80%. Under the leadership of the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation, with the participation of Gazprom and other leaders of the oil and gas complex, work is underway to replace imported catalysts with domestic ones.

The expert group of the Scientific and Technical Council for the Development of Oil and Gas Equipment under the Ministry of Industry and Trade in the direction of "Technology for the production of catalysts and additives" determined a list of technological areas for the development of import substitution programs with consolidation by leaders (table).

As a result of the work of the expert group, import substitution programs and road maps in these areas were formed. The development of the programs showed that the need Russian market catalysts can be satisfied by domestic producers: PJSC Gazprom, Gazprom Neft, Rosneft, etc.

As an example of the implementation of projects for the production of catalysts and additives, one can note the Omsk Oil Refinery. It is planned to create a cluster of oil refining processes on the basis of this plant. The main directions of this production will be catalysts for hydrotreating, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking. The plant's capacity will be 21 thousand tons of products per year.

One of the high-tech projects is the creation of the Amur GPP, which will become the largest in Russia and one of the largest natural gas processing enterprises in the world (Fig. 4). Its design capacity will be up to 49 bcm of gas per year. The GPP will also include the world's largest helium production – up to 60 million m 3 per year.

The Amur GPP is an important link in the technological chain of natural gas supplies to China via the eastern route under the largest contract in history. Multicomponent gas from the Yakutsk and Irkutsk centers gas production, which PJSC Gazprom creates under the Eastern Gas Program. Ethane, propane, butane, pentane-hexane fraction and helium, which are valuable components for the gas chemical and other industries, will be separated from the gas at the GPP.

An extremely urgent task is the development of supercomputer technologies and domestic software. These developments are necessary to solve the problems of designing large industrial complexes, optimization of field development schemes, optimization of gas transportation schemes, etc. Supercomputer technologies should take a particularly important place in modeling, designing and developing deposits (Fig. 5).

besides enough large-scale tasks which the gas industry will have to solve in the near future, it is necessary to create, improve and develop a number of technologies that can be conditionally called local, but their significance is also quite high. Such projects include the development of mobile compressor units, flaw detectors for diagnosing gas pipelines with an unequal cross section, equipment for resistance welding and effective non-destructive testing, etc.

As an illustration of the solutions associated with such technologies, in Fig. 6 presents the tasks that need to be solved in the shortest possible time in the field of gas turbine drives of gas compressor units.

An integral part of the introduction of new equipment and technologies is their testing.

The main tasks of industry test centers include:

working out technical requirements to new technologies, equipment, technical devices;

development and experimental verification of new methods and technologies;

comparative tests of domestic products and their foreign analogues;

resource testing of equipment, tubular products and structural elements to determine their performance and extend their service life;

certification of new materials, equipment and technologies used in the construction, repair, reconstruction and diagnostics of facilities unified system gas supply.

Currently, test sites and stands operate in 20 subsidiaries PJSC companies"Gazprom". However, the creation of new technologies, materials and equipment predetermines the need not only to develop existing, but also to create new testing centers, primarily for testing and implementing new technologies (Fig. 7). First of all, it is necessary to develop centers in priority areas: underwater production of hydrocarbons, LNG, gas pumping equipment, gas purification using absorption and membrane technologies, etc. The most important tasks here are the optimal planning of experimental work, the modeling of technological, physical and other processes, the correct application of the effect of scaling the results of experimental work. In addition, the creation and development of test centers should include complete solution tasks for testing specific equipment.

Results of prospective studies for implementation in production activities oil and gas companies are formulated in standards.

Through the use of standardization tools, the Unified Technical Policy of the Company is implemented at all levels, from corporate to international. At the same time, standards are a tool for stimulating industrial production.

On fig. Figure 8 shows PJSC Gazprom's leading role in establishing technical requirements for products of the oil and gas complex at the interstate and national levels.

The society heads the relevant Interstate and National technical committees for standardization. The mechanisms laid down by the corporate standardization system are successfully functioning directly in the Company.

The use of standards makes it possible to consolidate the demand of companies for domestic products, increase the number of possible suppliers of products and ensure the introduction of new technical solutions into mass production. Manufacturers get the opportunity to switch from the production of small batches of products according to the requirements of individual companies to large-scale production according to the requirements of national standards for all companies in the oil and gas complex.

The promotion of corporate standards to the national and interstate levels opens up markets for oil and gas equipment manufacturers in the CIS countries. Interstate standards ensure compliance mandatory requirements technical regulations of the Eurasian economic union required to place products on the market of the five countries of this union.

Especially valuable in the development normative documents is the use of scientific potential educational institutions, scientific and production organizations. Thus, the Department of Research of Oil and Gas Reservoir Systems of the Russian State University of Oil and Gas (NRU)
them. THEM. Gubkina developed recommendations on the use of a promising method of ground-based gravimetric monitoring of the development of gas and gas condensate deposits in the complex of gas field development control tools.

To implement the most important areas of development of the gas industry, including import substitution, it is necessary to develop scientific theoretical and experimental developments and provide training for specialists in a number of high-tech areas. First of all, we need specialists in the design, construction, and maintenance of complex technical facilities.

There are quite a lot of tasks for creativity that can and should be effectively solved.
And they can be solved, including as part of the preparation theses, candidate and doctoral dissertations with their subsequent implementation in production activities.

List of technological directions for the development of import substitution programs with consolidation by leaders

No. p / p	Direction	Leader in the development of the Import Substitution Program
1	Hydrotreating catalysts	PJSC Gazprom Neft
2	Hydrocracking catalysts
3	catalytic cracking catalysts
4	Reforming catalysts	OAO NK Rosneft
5	Isomerization catalysts	OAO NK Rosneft
6	Catalysts for dearomatization processes	PJSC Bashneft
7	Catalysts for hydrogen production	PJSC Bashneft
8	Catalysts for gas chemistry	PJSC Gazprom
9	Petrochemical catalysts	PJSC SIBUR
10	Regeneration/reactivation of catalysts	PJSC Lukoil
11	Additives for oils and fuels
12	Catalysts for the production of oils

Support for LNG projects was discussed at the presidential commission on the fuel and energy complex in October 2015, and in 2016 the Ministry of Energy prepared proposals for the creation of a center with the functions of an EPC contractor to develop domestic gas liquefaction technologies. It was assumed that the creation of the center would be financed from the budget. The issue was once again discussed on May 16, 2017 at a meeting of the government commission on import substitution. “Currently, licenses are owned by foreign companies, and Russian companies begin to independently develop these technologies, which can lead to excess costs and duplication of costs. We need to consolidate efforts here, so we will create a single engineering center on this issue,” said Gleb Nikitin, First Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade at the time.

Gazprom supports the Energy Ministry's concept of creating an independent unified engineering center for LNG projects through the formation of a joint venture between an international engineering company and a Russian design institute,” concludes Markelov.

With Shell on the way

The Ministry of Energy, together with the Ministry of Industry and Trade and fuel and energy companies, continues to work on creating an LNG engineering center, but a final decision on the configuration, composition of participants and a set of tasks has not yet been made, an official representative of the department told RBC.

A source in the Ministry of Energy explained to RBC that Rosneft and NOVATEK do not categorically refuse to participate in the creation of a single LNG center, but are not yet ready to load the structure that has not yet been created with orders based on EPC, which is logical. The official believes that at the first stage such a center can be created on the basis of Gazprom's structures, and in the future its services will be in demand by other market participants. The interlocutor of RBC notes that the international concern Shell can become an international partner of the engineering LNG center, and the Russian side can be represented by one of the specialized design institutes of Gazprom, as stated in Markelov's letter.

In mid-July 2016, at the Petersburg Dialogue forum, Kirill Molodtsov expressed hope for cooperation on import substitution of LNG equipment with Gazprom, Shell and Linde. “If an engineering center is created, Shell will be ready to consider participating in it,” Vera Surzhenko, a representative of the Dutch-British company in Russia, told RBC.

NOVATEK, meanwhile, continues to work on its own engineering center. As co-owner of the company Leonid Mikhelson said on October 24, 2016 in an interview with Kommersant, in the near future NOVATEK will decide to create such a structure in partnership with NIPIgaz controlled by Sibur. “We see serious opportunities for cost optimization, taking into account joint engineering and localization in Russia of the main equipment for LNG projects,” the publication quotes him.

RBC's source in the company explained that it prefers to develop its own capacities, including import substitution of equipment and LNG technologies within the framework of the Yamal LNG project, since the transfer of orders to a unified structure that has not yet been created is risky from the point of view of the principles of competition and the fulfillment by the contractor of the taken guarantees for yourself.

The creation of a unified LNG engineering center based on Gazprom is the most effective solution, since the concern is already interested in this, believes Maria Belova, an analyst at Vygon Consulting. “If the largest player on the Russian gas market is interested in using the achievements of such a center in own production LNG, then this is a guarantee that the new structure will not be stillborn, ”the expert believes. She believes that over time, competitors can also begin cooperation if the new structure proves its competence or develops its own similar projects. “Given that the market for the production of liquefied natural gas is competitive, it is difficult to expect that Rosneft, Gazprom and NOVATEK will immediately join forces on the basis of one structure for the development of domestic LNG technologies,” the expert notes.

Aleksey Belogoriev, Deputy General Director of the Institute of Energy and Finance, recalls that Gazprom's specialized VNIIGAZ has problems with both financing and personnel, so it is logical to involve it in the project, taking into account the transfer of foreign technologies to the joint venture. However, Belogoriev doubts that the creation of the center will pay for itself if it is loaded only with orders from the gas monopoly. “The fears of independent gas producers are logical: it is risky to entrust your orders to such a structure in a competitive field if it is created on the basis of Gazprom enterprises, and not an independent institution. Even if the structure would include completely independent market participants, the risk remains, because the enterprise must gain relevant experience before applying for orders from large companies on a market basis, and not on orders from above,” he believes.

In 2016, the global LNG market amounted to about 265 million tons. Russia is one of the major suppliers liquefied gas. By 2030, the market will almost double, to 460 million tonnes, according to Douglas Buckley, Vice President for Commercial Affairs of Shell in Russia.

NEWSPAPER OF THE WEEK IN SARATOV, No. 23 (437) of 06/27/2017

The deal was approved by the Russian government in mid-June. In addition to the shares of the Saratov enterprise, the shares of four more project subsidiaries of the energy corporation will be withdrawn from the parent company PJSC Gazprom: 98.7% of the shares of Gazprom Promgaz, 51% of the shares of Giprogaztsentr, 60% of the shares of Giprospetsgaz and 51% of the shares "North Caucasian Scientific Research Design Institute of Natural Gases".

This information passed through the federal media two weeks ago quietly and without any explanatory comments. The Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Saratov region did not explain anything either. The new minister has just taken up his position, but has already made it clear that the efficiency, which the regional Ministry of Industry has been famous for for many years in working with the media, is not in his honor. Therefore, while Minister Kulikov formulates his position and the response to the editors' request about the consequences of the alienation of VNIPIgazdobycha shares for the enterprise itself and the region, we are forced to speculate about to whom and why control over the oldest and iconic design institute is being transferred. And what to expect from it.

Version one "Profitable contracts"

At present, all of the above design organizations are under the control of a new Gazprom subsidiary - OOO Gazprom Proektirovanie. It was established two years ago - in March 2015 - to consolidate project assets in order to "ensure uniform standards of project activities and improve work efficiency." Oleg Andreev became the general director of Gazprom Proektirovanie LLC, registered in St. Petersburg, with an authorized capital of 942 thousand rubles. In April 2015, he was also appointed director of all design institutes of the concern - Gazprom Promgaz, Giprospetsgaz, Giprogaztsentr, VNIPIgazdobycha, TyumenNIIgiprogaz, SevKavNIPIgaz, Gazprom Central Design Bureau, LLC Podzemgidromineral SPC .

According to official information published at the start of these structural changes in Gazprom, all institutions, including the Saratov PJSC VNIPIgazdobycha, were to become branches of the holding. Even then, a number of experts feared that, as a result of this step, research institutes would simply disappear as independent companies.

Employees of the Tyumen Institute, for example, shared with journalists their guesses that in this way Gazprom bypasses legal obstacles: “In order to carry out the reform process, an order from the government of the Russian Federation is needed. This usually takes a long time - from 6 months to 2 years. By the time the government of the Russian Federation agrees on the alienation of shares, that is, it will allow the official transfer of control over organizations to a new structural unit, LLC "Gazprom design" will take away all the "profitable contracts" of regional design institutes. This does not exclude the transfer of personnel, equipment and other assets. Consequently, all proceeds and taxes also go to the St. Petersburg company, and regional institutions turn into empty shells.

There is something to fear. In 2015, as Business Vector wrote, the Saratov-based VNIPIgazdobych had a multi-billion dollar portfolio of orders for the design of the Power of Siberia gas pipeline, the Amur gas processing plant, and the development of a number of gas condensate fields in Eastern Siberia and on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk. The company employed 1,813 people whose monthly income, consisting of salaries and bonuses, averaged 60-70 thousand rubles. The institute's revenue in 2014 reached about 11 billion rubles. In 2015, revenues were expected to increase to 12 billion rubles.

What is happening at the enterprise now is unknown. But to date, all the design institutes of Gazprom have indeed become regional branches of OOO Gazprom proektirovanie. Probably with all the ensuing consequences. Therefore, the government’s permission to alienate PJSC Gazprom’s shares in these organizations, which arrived in time by June 12 of this year (probably in favor of Gazprom Projecting LLC), simply becomes final stage already implemented reform.

Version two "Free market"

Sergei Lisovsky, longtime head of the regional ministry of industry and energy, suggested that the Russian government's approval of the disposal of Gazprom's shares in design institutes could also mean an attempt to bring enterprises to a free competitive market.

"This process is already underway. large companies. And transport companies are sold, and others service companies. Perhaps Gazprom also considered that project activity can relate to service functions and can be brought to the free market, - Sergey Mikhailovich believes. - At one time, specialized drilling organizations, which were in every oil and gas producing company, were allowed to enter the market. Not everywhere it gave a positive result, a significant part of the organizations died, and their place in the market was taken by import companies. The results may be different, and here everything depends on which owner comes to control the enterprises. If the one that can receive orders is able to load the enterprise stably, everything will be fine. And if the goal is the subsequent sale of buildings and other assets, then this is another story.

According to Lisovsky, if the assumption about the withdrawal of design institutes to the free market is correct, then he himself would not approve this step and would object if he were the minister of the relevant department. It is because of fears that the region may lose such an enterprise as VNIPIgazdobycha.

“I worked closely with the VNIPIgazdobycha Institute and saw its huge role in the Gazprom system. Design, development of deposits, main pipeline transport are the most serious objects, and the Institute's qualifications made it possible to carry out this work with high quality and on time. At the same time, the institute brought to the treasury of the region very serious sums. There were years when the amount of taxes approached a billion. Getting such taxes from a design institute is nonsense, says Lisovsky. - The Institute "VNIPIgazdobycha" employs the most valuable specialists, if they disperse, then there will simply be no one to replace them, it is not so easy to train such specialists. Therefore, I believe that, nevertheless, in the event of the alienation of shares or the merger of enterprises, the takeover of some by others, and in the event of any structural transformations of leading companies, it is necessary to carry out clear explanatory work, make the process as transparent as possible, including from the side of the government. It is necessary to give guarantees to maintain the direction of the enterprise.

The worst comes true

How structural transformations are actually taking place in design organizations under the control of the Gazprom design holding, employees of some institutes themselves tell. To communicate with each other, they created a special group in social network"VKontakte" (open group "Gazprom design"). On May 17 of this year, one of the users described the results of the merger of the St. Petersburg holding and the Tyumen Institute TyumenNIIgiprogaz as follows:

“During the merger in 2015 of TyumenNIIgiprogaz and Gazpromproektirovanie, the management promised a bright future and incredible prospects. The slogans and propaganda were at the highest level. They promised to raise wages, reduce output per person, consolidate all design work"Gazprom" in one institute with the big name "Gazprom design", they talked about reductions as about a point reduction in the management apparatus.

Two years have passed since this significant event, and some results can be summed up.

Slogans and agitation were only propaganda. The average level of salaries for an engineer has fallen by 30% and continues to decline, especially in this case the indexation of 5% looks ridiculous. The output per person has increased, there has been no consolidation of design work in one design institute, other design institutes in Tyumen still make Gazprom objects, Gazprom design does not distribute work, new objects remain the merits of the GIP.

Since the beginning of the year, the majority of pensioners and some departments with duplicating functions in St. Petersburg have been laid off, the staff turnover is striking in its scope. The scientific division for 2017 works at TyumenNIIgiprogaz and sees the translation as a nightmare.

The support of employees at all levels of management is heartwarming. So, at a meeting with Deputy General Director Skrylev S.A. a rhetorical question was asked about the implementation of the collective agreement. How long will the canteen subsidized by TyumenNIIgiprogaz be so tasteless and expensive to cook that most of the employees do not eat there. To which the answer was received: “If you don’t like it, don’t go and don’t eat.” What kind of representation of the interests of workers in St. Petersburg can we talk about if there is none even at the economic level?

In March 2016, TyumenNIIgiprogaz celebrated its 50th anniversary, and the award for transferred employees was bypassed. Everything is heading towards the next collapse of the enterprise, which will end half a century of the history of the development, design and development of industry in Western Siberia..

Other messages in the group describe mainly what is happening in the Moscow branch of OOO Gazprom proektirovanie:

09.06.2017. “The joy of the employees - they will be transferred to Gazprom Design LLC - turned out to be premature. Workers who reached retirement age were successfully laid off in June. The next step is to optimize costs.”

07.03.2017. “A celebratory buffet at Gazprom Proektirovanie will take place. But for a narrow circle. The tradition of the Moscow branch of OOO Gazprom proektirovanie to arrange receptions for the team is dead. As Dimon said, there is no money. Moreover, they are not in Gazprom, thanks to the efforts of Miller.

06.02.2017. « Good news from Gazprom - since the beginning of 2017, the salary of Gazprom employees has been increased by 5 (five) percent. And the top management - by 20%.

19.12.2016. “According to the numerous wishes of the workers, the number of employees of the AUP is being reduced. At a meeting with the work team, the General Director was asked the question: “How can piecework-bonus wages be able to stimulate AUP employees?” Then CEO didn't find an answer. Now a way out has been found - employees of the AUP are starting to be reduced. This correct and timely measure will increase the wages of those who remain. The employees of the planning department and accounting were the first to be laid off. We look forward to the next wise decisions.”