home Calculators Improving the development of the department of social services at home using the example of a comprehensive center for social services for the population of the Navashinsky district. Improving the development of the department of social services at home using the example of a company

Improving the development of the department of social services at home using the example of a comprehensive center for social services for the population of the Navashinsky district. Improving the development of the department of social services at home using the example of a company

Practical experience in personnel management was examined using the example of the Integrated Social Service Center of the Leninsky District.

The following methods of collecting information were used in the study: analysis of documents (the regulations on the areas of activity of the Center, regulations on the divisions of the organization, staffing schedule, job descriptions of employees, regulations on remuneration and incentives were studied); interview (a semi-structured conversation was conducted with a specialist from the HR department of the KTSSON).

The analysis of documents was chosen because the organization’s documents systematize information about the areas of activity of the Center and its structural divisions, the number of employees of the corresponding categories (staffing units) for each position, the names of positions, the duties, rights and responsibilities for each position.

The interview was due to the fact that the organization does not have documents regulating the implementation of basic personnel procedures, such as selection, selection, adaptation, formation of a personnel reserve, and personnel training. An interview is a semi-structured personal conversation between the interviewer and the respondent in a form that encourages the latter to provide detailed answers to the questions asked. The interview took place in the form of a free conversation with a HR specialist on the topic of HR work existing at the Center, during which very detailed information was obtained about the procedures carried out as part of this work, and about the attitude of the HR specialist himself to the quality of these procedures. The answers were recorded mechanically.

Having analyzed the regulations on the areas of activity of the Center, we can say that:

The center is a legal entity, has an independent balance sheet, round stamp and a corner stamp with its name, bills, forms, legal address and employee identification cards.

The main areas of activity of the municipal institution “KTsSON” of the Leninsky district are:

Providing social, social and medical services at home to pensioners, disabled people of groups 1 and 2, who have partially lost the ability to self-care;

Providing various types of urgent social assistance to citizens of the region who find themselves in difficult life situations;

Carrying out rehabilitation activities for disabled people - adults and children, according to individual rehabilitation programs;

Providing certain types of services - transport, social, social and medical services, consultations and explanations to residents of the area who contact the Center and its branches for help;

Implementation of a set of activities on family, motherhood and childhood issues;

Prevention and prevention of social deviations - neglect, delinquency, etc. in the behavior of minor children and adolescents, implementation of social patronage of “at-risk” families;

Involving state, public and other enterprises and organizations in cooperation on a contractual basis.

Currently, the Center has 19 structural units dealing with solving the problems of socially vulnerable categories of citizens of the Leninsky district. Among them:

Home-based work, which includes 14 home service departments, two of which are specialized (OSB);

Emergency Social Services Unit;

Department of Social Rehabilitation of Disabled People;

Department of psychological and pedagogical assistance to families and children;

Organizational and methodological department;

Department for the Prevention of Neglect of Children and Adolescents.

a brief description of some branches of the Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Leninsky District, based on an analysis of the regulations on the divisions of the Center:

1. Specialized department of social - medical care at home for elderly and disabled citizens

The main goal of this department is to provide the necessary social and everyday services, pre-medical care, medical services to pensioners and disabled people who have lost the ability to self-care due to age, disability or suffering from serious illnesses, free of charge, with partial or full payment.

The main objectives are:

1. identification and registration of pensioners and disabled people in need of specialized services;

2. the conclusion of agreements on enrollment in specialized services free of charge, in conditions of partial or full payment, is carried out by the deputy director of the center, on the basis of an application, a medical report on the state of health, a report on material and living conditions, a certificate of the amount of average per capita income, taking into account preferential categories;

3. provision of qualified general care, social and domestic and pre-medical care, sanitary and medical procedures at home to pensioners and disabled people;

4. systematic monitoring of the health status of persons served and carrying out activities aimed at preventing exacerbations of chronic diseases;

5. providing psychological assistance to persons served and members of their families;

6. training relatives in practical skills of general care for patients in need;

7. keeping records of all types of social assistance provided to citizens;

8. introduction into practice of new forms of service to the population in matters of providing social assistance;

9. use of the positive experience of various municipal institutions of “comprehensive centers of social services for the population” of the city, as well as the achievements of domestic and foreign practice in the field of social protection.

2. Department for the prevention of neglect of children and adolescents The main tasks of the department are:

1. timely identification and elimination of adverse maladaptive influences of the environment, external environment communication, etc.;

2. prevention and prevention of social deviations, neglect, crime and antisocial actions in the behavior of minor children, overcoming their social maladaptation;

3. implementation of specific activities of an individual program of social rehabilitation of minor children and families “at risk” developed by specialists of the department of psychological and pedagogical assistance to families and children approved by the Social Council of the Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population;

4. providing families and minor children living in the district and in a crisis situation with assistance in obtaining material, as well as qualified social, legal and psychological-pedagogical assistance, aimed at increasing the economic level of the family, at the formation of a common moral and psychological culture, to establish harmonious family relationships;

5. ensuring the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the family and minor children.

The activities of the department are based on the principles:

· legality, voluntariness;

· accessibility;

· confidentiality;

· targeted and individual approach;

· humanity and goodwill.

3. Emergency Social Services Department

The main purpose of the department is - optimal organization targeted social assistance (taking into account the priority areas of social protection policy) to citizens permanently or temporarily residing in the district and who are in a difficult life situation from which they cannot get out on their own, namely:

· single citizens, single married couples of retirement age, single disabled pensioners, if the average per capita income of these citizens is below the regional budget subsistence level established at the time of applying for help;

· families without minor children who are in difficult life situations due to unemployment, natural disasters, catastrophes, accidents, forced migration;

· maladaptive single citizens;

· for disabled citizens without minor children, the average per capita income of these citizens is below the regional budget subsistence level established at the time of applying for help;

· disabled adults - single and married, as well as disabled children in need of technical means of rehabilitation.

The main tasks of the department:

1. planned development and implementation of specific comprehensive measures to organize the provision of various types of social assistance to all categories of citizens in need of social support;

2. assistance in attracting extra-budgetary funds, implementing measures to attract the forces and resources of enterprises, organizations, public associations and individuals to provide social support to citizens in need;

3. making prompt decisions on issues of appeal from citizens in extreme situations;

4. keeping records of all types of social assistance provided to those registered with the Municipal Institution “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Leninsky District”;

5. introduction into practice of new forms of service to the population in matters of providing social assistance;

6. use of the positive experience of various municipal institutions of “comprehensive centers for social services” of the city, as well as the achievements of domestic and foreign practice in the field of social protection

5. Organizational and methodological department

Objectives: 1) providing organizational, methodological, informational and practical assistance to specialists of all structural divisions of the CCSC, aimed at improving the organization of work on servicing applicants and improving the quality of services provided;

2) study and generalization, systematization and implementation into practice innovative technologies social work with all categories of citizens served by the CCSS;

3) analysis and forecasting of social processes in the territory served by the Center, development of proposals for improving the social protection system for the population of the region.

Main activities:

· on the issues of studying and generalizing, systematizing and introducing into practice innovative technologies of social work with all categories of citizens served by the CCSS;

· on the issues of maintaining a computer “database” of citizens and families of the “low-income” and “preferential” categories of the Leninsky district who find themselves in the housing cooperatives and registered with the municipal center of social security services;

· on issues of maintaining a computer “database” of families with disabled children in the Leninsky district;

· on issues of maintaining a computer “database” of disabled people of working age and retirement age in the Leninsky district;

· to coordinate the work of all services and institutions of the district in the implementation of IPR for disabled people - adults and children;

· on issues of family, motherhood and childhood;

· to analyze and forecast social processes in the territory served by the Center, develop proposals for improving the social protection system for the population of the region;

· on the organization of educational, educational, cultural and leisure work of social workers and Center specialists;

· on interaction with public organizations and associations in matters of providing various types of social support to citizens of the Leninsky district, as well as on issues of organizing, conducting, informing residents of the area about events social plan;

· to carry out social monitoring in the territory served by the Center in order to analyze and forecast social processes in the area in order to develop proposals for improving the social protection system of the area;

· to attract extra-budgetary funds, implement measures to attract the forces and resources of enterprises, organizations, public entities, charitable and religious associations and private individuals to provide social support to citizens and families who find themselves in THS.

Based on the analysis job descriptions, it can be noted that the Center is headed by a director who manages its activities on the basis of unity of command.

IN job responsibilities director includes:

Security economic activity and targeted spending of funds for the maintenance of the institution;

Organizing activities to attract extra-budgetary funds to strengthen the material and technical base, improve services to citizens and working conditions for workers.

All financial and economic documentation of the Center is stored in the accounting department. The chief accountant prepares cost estimates, controls the use of funds and prepares reports in accordance with the requirements of the instructions.

Deputy directors for social work are responsible for organizing activities to serve citizens by certain structural divisions of the Center.

The functions of deputy directors for economic issues are to provide the Center with everything necessary for production activities.

The HR department plays an important role in organizing work to ensure the selection, selection, placement of personnel, the formation of a stable working team, the creation of a personnel reserve, the preparation of staffing schedules and tariff lists in which the salaries of employees are recorded in accordance with their qualifications. General management of the staff is carried out by the Director of the Center.

The Center has the following organizational structure (Appendix E).

The diagram has a linear-functional form.

After analyzing the staffing table and employee logbook, the following characteristics can be identified.

Characteristics of the staff of the CCSC by category.

The total number of employees of the Center as of September 30, 2010 was approved by the staffing table in the amount of 368 positions, of which 338 positions are employed, 282 people actually work. Each social worker receives 1.5 rates.

Diagram 1. Distribution of employees by category

The diagram shows that the vast majority of all personnel are social workers and social work specialists, which means that the main personnel work of the Center is aimed at them.

Characteristics of the staff of the Education Center.

Among social workers and social work specialists with a degree in social work, only 15% work in the Center. More often, specialists from the teaching field, as well as holders of technical working specialties, secondary medical workers, the number of such workers is 85%. Today, 9 people (about 3% of employees) are part-time students at various universities (NSTU, NSPU, SibAGS, Medical Academy), where they receive education in the specialty “social work”.

The distribution of workers by education is presented in Table 3 and Diagram 2.

Table 3. Distribution of workers by education

Since most social workers do not have professional training, and the functions they perform are completely new to them, it is necessary to organize staff training. For several years such training was carried out, but all the courses were closed, and those that exist are quite expensive, the Center cannot afford them.

Diagram 2. Distribution of workers by education

Characteristics of the personnel composition of the CCSC by gender.

The Center predominantly employs women, both in the management apparatus and in structural divisions. Men work only as service personnel of the Comprehensive Social Services Center, such as electricians, plumbers, mechanics, drivers, etc., with the exception of the director of the center.

The distribution of workers by gender is presented in Table 4 and Diagram 3.

Table 4. Distribution of employees by gender

It should be noted that all social workers and social work specialists at the Center are women with more high degree receptivity, empathy, sympathy, emotionality compared to men.

Diagram 3. Distribution of employees by gender

Characteristics of the Center's staff by age

A noticeable violation in the age structure of personnel can negatively affect the psychosociological climate in the organization’s team and create serious problems. A high proportion of older people in the workforce reduces receptivity to innovation and long term leads to a reduction in the volume of services provided, however, the presence of experienced specialists in the team creates an atmosphere of stability and confidence in the future of both the organization and employees, regardless of their age.

The distribution of workers by age is presented in Table 5 and Diagram 4.

Table 5. Distribution of workers by age

Diagram 4. Distribution of employees by age

According to age characteristics, the largest groups are those of pre-retirement age (65% - women from 41 to 54 years old) and retirement age (22% - women from 55-66 years old). This is explained by the fact that at this age it is difficult to get a job in your specialty, and for pensioners, working as social workers is a kind of supplement to their pension. Middle-aged women (from 31 to 40 years old) either have the appropriate education that allows them to perform the duties of a social worker, or have a vocation for this difficult work. The smallest group (from 20 to 30 years old) are either part-time students or young professionals who, having gained work experience at the Center, go to higher-paying jobs, which is a significant problem in the long-term development of human resources.

Characteristics of the Center's staff by length of service.

Today it can be seen that in the center more than half of the employees have been working for over 5 years, 1/3 of the workers have more than 10 years of experience. The distribution of workers by length of service is shown in Table 6 and Diagram 5.

Table 6. Distribution of employees by length of service

Diagram 5. Distribution of employees by length of service

The stability of the personnel composition is explained by the age of the employees: 20% of workers are of retirement age, 65% are of pre-retirement age. Young specialists do not stay at the Center for long.

For 9 months of 2010, 70 new employees were hired, 74 people left (the comparative dynamics of employment and staff turnover over 5 years are shown in Table 7).

Table 7. Dynamics of staff turnover in MU KTSSON for 5 years

To analyze the movement of personnel in an organization, a system of indicators is used that characterizes the intensity of personnel turnover and details the features of this turnover. One of these indicators is the turnover rate:

Turnover rate

where Kt is the fluidity coefficient, %;

T tech - the number of employees who left during the year at their own request, for violation labor discipline and other reasons not caused by production or national needs, people.

T - average number of employees per year, people.

From 2006 to 2008, there was a noticeable decline in staff turnover. This is explained by the fact that young specialists worked during these years. In 2009, there was an increase in turnover, as many specialists left for higher-paying jobs; the same dynamics are expected at the end of 2010. The team is rapidly aging, and there is a huge need for young specialists.

GRADUATE QUALIFYING WORK

The main directions of development of the sphere of social services for the population using the example of municipal budgetary institution Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of Bagan District Novosibirsk region

Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical and legal framework for organizing social services for the population in the Russian Federation

1 Main directions of state and municipal social policy in the Russian Federation

2 Features of the organization of social protection and social services in the Russian Federation and abroad

3 Experience in organizing social services in urban districts: problems and prospects

Chapter 2. Analysis of the organization of social services for the population in the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region

1 Organizational and regulatory framework for the activities of the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region

3 Analysis of the activities and quality of services provided by the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region

Chapter 3. Improving the quality of social services in the municipal budgetary institution Comprehensive center for social services for the population of the Bagansky district of the Novosibirsk region

1 Problems and difficulties in the activities of the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagan District of the Novosibirsk Region. Factors and reasons preventing the improvement of service quality

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

In the conditions of reforming the country, the formation market relations, economic and political crises, tens of millions of people (pensioners, disabled people, orphans, refugees, etc.) need emergency social assistance and protection. The seriousness of social tension in Russia is evidenced by the following facts: the number of orphans with living parents is increasing, every second or third marriage is breaking up, in terms of the number of abortions performed, Russia is significantly ahead of highly developed countries, about a million disabled children need material, psychological and legal assistance, The number of crimes committed by teenagers is growing. Russia has not only reached the forefront in terms of the number of alcoholics, but is also confidently catching up with other countries in the number of drug addicts and substance abusers. Social disadvantage has become the cause of increased child abuse, psychological stress, illness, suicide, and prostitution.

The world has accumulated colossal experience social work, including with these population groups. There is also considerable domestic experience. The processes of aggravation of social relations require comprehension, analysis and generalization. It is necessary to develop a scientifically based concept of social work with the population, to develop social technologies, clear and convincing methods of organizing and conducting social work. As world experience shows, in many countries not a program can do without taking into account the activities of social workers. social development, nor the social policy of the state.

Currently, the priority direction of social policy reform is the transition to a new, more effective model of social policy - targeted social system. The model of targeted social policy is characterized by differentiation of implementation social functions state in relation to various segments of the population, redistribution of state social expenditures in favor of the most vulnerable groups of the population, increasing the efficiency of the social system, reducing social tension in society.

The level of social tension, the volume and nature of accumulated social problems require a phased, evolutionary approach to building a new model of social policy. In the process of transition to a targeted social system, the following main stages can be distinguished: anti-crisis management of social processes in society; achieving social stability; sustainable development of the social sphere. One of the main directions of social policy is the sphere of social services. Social service institutions are part of the social protection structure. That is, organizationally and financially, social service institutions are subordinate to social protection institutions.

The object of study is the MBU Integrated Center for Social Services for the Population of the Bagansky District of the Novosibirsk Region. The subject of study is the organization of social services for the population in the Bagansky district of the Novosibirsk region.

In accordance with the set goal, the following tasks are expected to be solved:

study the theoretical and methodological foundations of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation;

analyze the activities of institutions of the MBU Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population;

propose directions for improving social protection of the population.

The legal framework for social protection of certain categories of the population is developed by the following laws of the Russian Federation - “On forced migrants”, “On employment of the population in the Russian Federation”, “On social protection of disabled people”, “On social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities”, “On the fundamentals of labor protection in the Russian Federation”, “On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation”, etc.

Many researchers of modern Russian society are showing interest in the formation and functioning of the social protection system at the present stage. Thus, the basics of organizing social protection of the population are discussed in the works of such authors as M.I. Lepikhov, N. Podshibyakina, V. Sharin and others.

The economic foundations of social protection of the population are considered by V.D. Roic, T.S. Panteleeva, G.A. Chervyakova and others.

The main directions and principles of social work are presented in the works of A.I. Voitenko, E.I. Komarova, A.N. Savinova, P.D. Pavlenok and others.

The set goals and objectives are achieved using such research methods as analysis of documents and regulations, comparative analysis, analysis of statistical data, participant observation, generalization.

The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it identifies the advantages and disadvantages in the formation and functioning of the social protection system in a municipality, and also makes proposals for its optimization.

The practical significance of the work is determined by the fact that the research results can be used in the development of social programs, as well as in educational process, in the professional training of specialists.

The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of sources used.

Chapter 1. Theoretical and legal framework for organizing social services for the population in the Russian Federation

1.1 Main directions of state and municipal social policy in the Russian Federation

Social policy in the Russian Federation is based on the constitutional definition of Russia as a social state, the policy of which is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of people.

In the Russian Federation, the labor and health of people are protected, a guaranteed minimum wage is established, state support is provided for the family, motherhood, paternity and childhood, the disabled and elderly citizens, and a system of social services is developed; services, state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection are established (Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation).

The Constitution guarantees everyone social security by age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner, for raising children and in other cases established by law (Articles 38-39).

For these purposes, the Russian Federation is developing a system of state and municipal services, providing state support for the family, motherhood, paternity and childhood, the disabled and elderly citizens, establishing state pensions, benefits and other guarantees of social protection.

The Constitution proclaims the right of everyone:

to work in conditions that meet safety and hygiene requirements (Article 37);

for housing (Article 40);

for medical care in state and municipal health care institutions at the expense of budgetary funds, insurance contributions, and other sources (Article 41);

for free pre-school, basic general and secondary vocational education in state and municipal educational institutions and in enterprises (Article 43);

for the use of cultural and leisure institutions and cultural values (Article 44).

The Russian system of social policy is based on the principles of “who you are” (the presence of social pensions and a developed system of categorical benefits) and “what have you done” (the system of labor pensions). The “what have you” principle is used in part, for example, in determining housing subsidies and child benefits.

Similar documents

thesis, added 01/18/2014

Concepts, meanings, essence of forms of social services for disabled people. Analysis of social services for people with disabilities using an example comprehensive center social services for the population. Meeting the needs of people with disabilities. Procedure for providing guarantees.

thesis, added 03/05/2018

State social policy to support older citizens. Social problems of older people, features of the activities of social workers in social institutions and at home. Model of a social service center for the population.

thesis, added 03/31/2012

general characteristics and the legislative framework for the activities of the Regional State Autonomous Institution of Social Services "Primorsky Center for Social Services" in Nakhodka. Coordinating social work with citizens and their families.

practice report, added 04/12/2018

Charter of the municipal institution of social protection of the population. Acts regulating its activities. Directions of social services for citizens. Categories and population groups in need of assistance. Submission procedure state support.

practice report, added 12/16/2015

Lonely elderly people as an object of social work, analysis of their problems. Social services at home as a type of specific social activity, features of its implementation in relation to lonely elderly people. Personnel requirements.

course work, added 10/25/2010

Studying the requirements for the work of social service institutions. Analysis of the openness of the institution, which is considered in three planes: cooperation with society, clients and employees. Research into areas of social services for boarding schools.

article, added 03/18/2018

The essence, goals, objectives and foundations of legal regulation in the field of social services for the population of the Russian Federation. The system of state and municipal social services as a tool for correcting the functioning of self-organization mechanisms in society.

abstract, added 02/19/2012

General characteristics of the field of social work, its tasks. Features of the social service system in Russia, the specifics of its structure, sources of financing and the importance of certain types of assistance. Analysis of the main methods of this activity.

abstract, added 07/26/2010

Analysis of the main activities of the department of social protection of the population of the Territorial Center for Social Services of the Leninsky District. Specifics of activity planning. The procedure for presenting basic social benefits and payments.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

Ural State Economic University

DIPLOMAJOB

Topic: Improving the efficiency of organizational management:

economic and legal forms and methods(nand the example of GOU SON “Comprehensive Center for Social Services» Elovsky district, Perm region)

INTRODUCTION

1 Theoretical aspects of acceptance management decisions based on functional cost analysis

1.1 History of the FSA and scope of its application

1.2 Effectiveness of using FSA in comparison with the traditional cost calculation method

1.3 Objectives and methodology for conducting FSA

2 Characteristics of the State Educational Institution SON “KTSSON Elovsky District, Perm Region”

2.1 Economic and legal characteristics of the institution

2.1.1 Goals and subject of the institution’s activities

2.1.2 Financial activities of the institution

2.1.3 Property and funds of the institution

2.1.4 Organization of activities

2.1.5 Institution management

2.1.6 Accounting, reporting and control of the institution’s activities

2.1.7 Decree of the Governor of the Perm Region

2.1.8 Regulations on the procedure and conditions for social services for the population of the Perm region in the state system of social services

2.1.9 Organizational structure of the institution

2.2 Cost structure of GOU SON “KTsSON” of the Elovsky district of the Perm region

3 Based on the FSA, cost reduction in the state educational institution SON "KTsSON" of the Elovsky district of the Perm region

3.1 Conducting FSA

3.1.1 Building a functional model

3.1.2 Collecting costs, identifying cost items and their distribution

3.1.3 Determining the significance of functions (processes)

3.1.4 Transfer of costs to the functional model. Constructing the distribution of labor costs for department employees

3.2 Assessing the effectiveness of cost reduction measures based on FSA

3.3 Automation of functional cost analysis

Conclusion

List of sources used

INTRODUCTION

Since May 2001, the formation and development of the Municipal Institution “Center for Social Services for the Population of the Elovsky District of the Perm Region” has been taking place and in 2005 it was transformed into the State Regional Institution of Social Services for the Population “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Elovsky District of the Perm Region” (hereinafter referred to as GOU SON “KTSSON Elovsky district"). GOU SON "KTsSON Elovsky district" is developing in conditions of constant reform and modernization. The problems arising from all this in different areas of functioning affect all levels of management activity. In this regard, the State Educational Institution of Sonography "KTsSON Elovsky District" is actively searching for new ways and methods of organizing, planning, developing and increasing the efficiency of its activities.

The main tasks of the State Educational Institution SON "KTSSON Elovsky District of the Perm Region" are:

- monitoring the social and demographic situation, the level of socio-economic well-being of citizens in the service territory;

- identification and differentiated accounting of citizens in need of social support, determination of the forms of assistance they need and the frequency (permanently, temporarily, on a one-time basis) of its provision;

- provision of social, legal, psychological, medical, consumer, advisory and other services to citizens, subject to the principles of targeting, accessibility, voluntariness, humanity, confidentiality and preventive focus;

- social rehabilitation of disabled people and disabled children;

When implementing the tasks of the GOU SON "KTSSON Elovsky district of the Perm region" should strive to optimize and reduce costs associated with the implementation of the functions of the Department.

In this connection, determining the cost of the Institution’s activities is obtaining reliable data in various sections on the expenses of the State Educational Institution SON “KTSSON Elovsky District of the Perm Region” in order to use calculation data to optimize the structure and volumes of consumed resources by the Institution in the process of financial planning and expenditure of funds.

The object of the study is the State Educational Institution SON "KTSSON Elovsky District, Perm Region".

The goal of the work is to increase the efficiency of organization management.

To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set:

1) Consider the theoretical aspects of functional cost analysis;

2) Describe the activities of the State Educational Institution SON “KTSSON Elovsky District, Perm Region”;

3) Conduct an analysis of the execution of budget items of the State Educational Institution SON “KTSSON Elovsky District, Perm Region”;

4) Characterize the cost structure of the State Educational Institution SON “KTSSON Elovsky District, Perm Region”;

5) Analyze cost reduction based on the FSA of the State Educational Institution SON “KTSSON Elovsky District, Perm Region”;

6) Assess the effectiveness of cost reduction measures.

At the core thesis lies an analysis of the current structure, responsibilities, functions and cost items of the State Educational Institution SON "KTsSON Elovsky District of the Perm Region", and the methodological basis of the work was the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Governor, resolutions of the Head of the Administration of the Elovsky District and the Governor, regulations, orders, annual text and statistical reports.

1 Theoretical aspects whenideasmanagement decisions based on functional-cost analysis

1.1 History of FSA and scope of its application

Functional cost analysis (FCA, Activity Based Costing, ABC) is a method for determining the cost and other characteristics of products, services and consumers, which is based on the use of functions and resources involved in production, marketing, sales, delivery, technical support, service delivery, customer service, and quality assurance.

Today, in economically developed countries, almost every enterprise or company uses the methodology of functional cost analysis as a practical part of the quality management system, which most fully satisfies the principles of the ISO 9000 series standards.

Classic FSA has three English-language names synonymous with Value Engineering, Value Management, Value Analysis.

Functional cost analysis is a methodology for continuous improvement of products, production technologies, and organizational structures. The task of the FSA is to achieve the highest consumer properties of products while simultaneously reducing all types of production costs.

The founders of the FSA idea:

Lawrence D. Miles (USA)

1947 - organizing a group at General Electric to create a new method.

1949 - first publication about the method.

Sobolev Yuri Mikhailovich (Russia)

1948 - the first success in using the element-by-element analysis method at the Perm Telephone Plant.

1949 - the first application for an invention based on a new method.

The foundations of functional cost analysis in our country were laid in the late 40s of the 20th century by Yuri Mikhailovich Sobolev, a design engineer at the Perm Telephone Plant. Yu.M. Sobolev, based on the position that reserves exist in every production, came to the idea of using system analysis and element-by-element development of the design of each part. He considered each structural element characterizing the part (material, size, tolerances, threads, holes, surface roughness parameters, etc.) as an independent part of the structure, and depending on the functional purpose, included it in the main or auxiliary group. The elements of the main group must meet the operational requirements for the part or product. Elements of the auxiliary group serve for the structural design of a part or product. Element-by-element economic analysis design showed that costs, especially for the auxiliary group of elements, are usually overestimated and can be reduced without compromising the quality of the product.

It is as a result of dividing the part into elements extra costs became noticeable. An individual approach to each element, identifying unnecessary costs for the implementation of each element formed the basis of the method of Yu.M. Soboleva.

Works by Yu.M. Sobolev found a wide response in the press in 1948-1952. and attracted the attention of foreign experts. After becoming familiar with this method and under the influence of the ideas underlying it, GDR enterprises begin to use one of the FSA modifications - element-by-element economic analysis (PEA).

It should be noted that certain FSA techniques were used by specialists both in the pre-war years and during the Great Patriotic War. At the same time, despite the publication of articles, brochures of the Perm Book Publishing House and reflection in certain scientific works, ideas of Yu.M. Sobolev, unfortunately, did not receive widespread development in our country over the next two decades.

Around the same years when Yu.M. Sobolev developed a method for element-by-element design development, similar research was carried out by engineer Lawrence D. Miles, an employee of the supply department of the American electrical company General Electric. During the Second World War, the company was faced with the question of how, in connection with the increased need for military equipment, to solve the problem of a shortage of certain types of strategic raw materials, especially those supplied from other countries. Engineers were forced to look for replacements for scarce materials and accordingly change technical conditions, technological regulations, etc.

A subsequent analysis of data on the operation of the products showed that all replacements, as a rule, had a beneficial effect on the cost of the products, and in some cases this even led to a “super effect” - the quality of the products improved and their reliability increased. This provided the impetus for research into replacing materials with cheaper ones and generating corresponding profits from this replacement. Moreover, the idea arose to extend the new approach to products as a whole by revising classic solutions and replacing them with more economically profitable ones.

In 1947, a group of specialists under the leadership of L. Miles began to create a new method of reducing production costs, based on finding more economical ways to perform certain functions of products, and introducing it into production. At the end of 1947, the functional approach was developed - the basis of cost analysis. The group’s specialists, guided by a functional approach, analyzed and changed the designs of 230 products over four years, as a result of which production costs were reduced by an average of 25% without compromising quality, saving $10 million.

In 1952, L. Miles developed a technique called value analysis (VA) by L.D. Miles defined his proposed method of reducing production costs as “applied philosophy.” According to L. Miles, “cost analysis... is an organized creative approach whose purpose is to effectively identify waste or costs that provide neither quality, nor usefulness, nor durability, nor appearance, nor other customer requirements."

Initially, the FSA did not meet with widespread support in the United States. And only practice, which confirmed its high real efficiency, attracted the attention of specialists, primarily suppliers, competitors and customers of the General Electric company.

Gradually, the scope of use of FSA expanded, and government organizations also became interested in it. The first was the Navy's Bureau of Ships, which was part of the Ministry of Defense. Here, in the early 50s, the method was first applied at the design stage and became known as value engineering, or value engineering (VE).

In 1959, the Society of American Value Engineers (SAVE) was created, its first president from 1960 to 1962. was L. Miles.

At the same time, these ideas received decisive development in the 60s, when, in order to reduce production costs military equipment The Pentagon has proposed that all contracts passed through the Department of Defense include clauses requiring industry to use cost analysis. The contracts also stipulated participation in income depending on the results obtained, in order to interest entrepreneurs in applying the new procedure.

Very quickly, all enterprises working for the Department of Defense, and after them some subcontracting firms, began to use cost analysis, and consumer goods companies followed suit. As a result, by the beginning of the 60s, FSA began to be quite widely used in the system of so-called government orders.

The use of a new method, not protected by military secret status, could not be limited to American industry for long. As a result, after 1960 the method gained recognition in Europe, and later in Japan.

In 1965, the Society of Japanese Value Engineering (SJVE) was founded, which actively promoted this method, holding annual conferences with the participation of representatives of major industrial firms and government organizations. And already in the 70s in Japan, the FSA method was used 10 times more often than in Germany. In general, FSA is much less widespread in Western Europe than in Japan. When producing new products, Japanese companies use FSA in 80-90% of cases, and when improving and modernizing products in 50-85% of all cases.

The main difference between the method of Yu.M. Sobolev from the L. Miles method was that the first was aimed at finding more economical ways to manufacture a product mainly within the framework of the existing design solution, while L. Miles and his followers considered the original design only as one of possible options the product performs its functions. They suggested looking for new options, choosing the most economical one while necessarily maintaining quality, reliability and other operational requirements and characteristics.

In our country, the FSA method began to be consciously introduced in various industries since the late 60s by the Electroluch Production Association, the Elektroapparat Research Institute, the Cheboksary Electrical Equipment Plant, and the Uralmash and Sverdlovsk Production Associations. machine-building plant them. Vorovsky and others.

Since the beginning of the 80s, a qualitatively new stage in the development of FSA has begun in the country, characterized by the systematic introduction of the method in various industries and the expansion of the scope of its application. Inter-industry provisions for conducting FSA are being developed, accumulating the experience of the Ministry of Electrical Engineering, the Ministry of Legislation and Pedagogical Machinery, and the Ministry of Electronics Industry, and a plan of all-Union measures for the development of the method is being approved. Moreover, after the collapse of the USSR, the FSA method was not given due attention.

Yu.M. Sobolev and L. Miles developed a method to reduce production costs, and only later did it begin to be used to influence consumer properties, for example, to reduce weight characteristics in the aerospace industry, improve reliability in nuclear energy etc. It is more difficult to say where, in what area and to solve what problems this method cannot be used. The relatively limited use of FSA in Russia is, to a certain extent, a consequence of poor awareness of specialists about the high potential capabilities of this method.

1.2 The effectiveness of using FSA in comparison with the traditional cost calculation method

The main ideas of the FSA:

· The consumer is not interested in the product as such, but in the benefits that he will receive from its use;

· The consumer seeks to reduce his costs;

· Functions of interest to the consumer can be performed in different ways, and, consequently, with different efficiency and costs.

· Among the possible alternatives for implementing functions, there are those in which the ratio of quality and price is most optimal for the consumer.

Traditional methods of cost calculation appeared and developed at the turn of the last century and the century before last (1870 - 1920). But since the early 60s, and especially in the 80s, changes in the form of production and business have led to the fact that the traditional method of cost accounting began to be called “the number one enemy of production”, since its benefits became very doubtful. Traditional cost estimation methods were originally developed (according to GAAP-standards based on the principles of “objectivity, verifiability and significance”) for the assessment of material assets and were intended for external consumers - creditors, investors, the Commission on securities (S ecurity E xchange C ommission), Tax Administration ( I internal R evenue S service).

However, these methods have a number of weaknesses, which are especially noticeable in internal management. Of these, the two biggest drawbacks are:

1. The inability to accurately convey the costs of production of an individual product;

2. Inability to provide feedback - information for managers necessary for operational management.

As a result, managers of companies selling different types of products make important decisions regarding pricing, product mix, and production technology based on inaccurate cost information. So, cost-functional analysis was called upon to solve modern problems, and ultimately it turned out to be one of the most important innovations in management in the last hundred years.

The developers of the method identified three independent, but coordinately acting factors, which are the main reasons for the practical use of FSA:

1. The process of structuring expenses has changed very significantly. And if at the beginning of the century labor accounted for about 50% of total costs, the cost of materials - 35%, and overhead costs - 15%, now overhead costs are about 60%, materials - 30%, and labor - only 10% of production costs . Obviously, using labor hours as a cost allocation basis made sense 90 years ago, but has lost its value under modern cost structures;

2. The level of competition that most companies face has increased greatly. “The rapidly changing global competitive environment” is not a cliché, but a very real problem for most firms. Knowledge actual costs very important for survival in such a situation;

3. The cost of performing measurements and calculations has decreased as information processing technology has advanced. Just 20 years ago, collecting, processing and analyzing the data required for FSA was very expensive. And today, not only special automated data assessment systems are available, but also the data itself, which, as a rule, has already been collected in one form or another and stored in each company. In this regard, FSA has proven to be a very valuable method because it provides information on the entire range of operational functions, their costs and consumption.

Under traditional financial and accounting methods, a company's performance is measured by its functional operations rather than by the services provided to the customer. The efficiency of a functional unit is calculated based on budget execution, regardless of whether it benefits the company's client. In contrast, functional cost analysis is a process management tool that measures the cost of performing a service. The assessment is carried out both for functions that increase the value of the service or product, and taking into account additional functions that do not change this value. If traditional methods calculate the costs of a certain type of activity only by category of expenses, then FSA shows the cost of performing all stages of the process. FSA examines all possible functions in order to accurately determine the costs of providing services, as well as to provide the opportunity to modernize processes and increase productivity.

Figure 1.1 shows schemes for determining cost using different methods. Here are three main differences between FSA and traditional methods:

1. Traditional accounting implies that cost objects consume resources, and in FSA it is generally accepted that cost objects consume functions;

2. Traditional accounting uses quantitative indicators as a basis for cost distribution, and FSA uses sources of costs at various levels;

3. Traditional accounting is focused on the structure of production, and FSA is focused on processes (functions).

Figure 1.1 Main differences between FSA and tradational cost accounting methods

The direction of the arrows varies because FSA provides detailed process information for cost estimation and performance management at multiple levels. And traditional cost accounting methods simply allocate costs to cost objects without taking into account cause-and-effect relationships. So, traditional cost accounting systems focus on the product. All costs are attributed to the product, since it is believed that the production of each element of the product consumes a certain amount of resources, proportional to the volume of production. Therefore, quantitative parameters of the product (working time, machine hours, cost of materials, etc.) are used as sources of costs for calculating overhead costs. At the same time, quantitative indicators do not allow us to take into account the diversity of products in terms of size and complexity of production. In addition, they do not reveal a direct relationship between the level of expenses and the volume of production. The FSA method takes a different approach. Here, the costs of performing individual functions are first determined. And then, depending on the degree of various functions for the manufacture of a particular product, these costs are related to the production of all products. Therefore, when calculating overhead costs, functional parameters such as equipment setup time, number of design changes, number of processing processes, etc. are also taken into account as sources of costs.

Consequently, the more functional parameters there are, the more detailed the production chain will be described and, accordingly, the real cost of the product will be more accurately assessed.

Another important difference between traditional cost estimation systems and FSA is the scope of consideration of functions. Traditional methods designed to value inventory track only internal manufacturing costs. The FSA theory does not agree with this approach, believing that when calculating the cost of a product, all functions should be taken into account - both those related to supporting production and the delivery of goods and services to the consumer. Examples of such functions include: production, technology development, logistics, product distribution, service maintenance, information support, financial administration and general management.

Traditional economic theory and systems financial management consider costs as variable values only in the case of short-term fluctuations in production volumes.

Functional costing theory suggests that many important price points also vary over long periods (several years) as the design, composition and range of a company's products and customers changes.

Table 1.1 provides a comparison of FSA and traditional cost accounting methods.

Table 1.1- Cost accounting by FSA and traditional method

	Traditional methods	Explanation
Function consumption	Resource consumption	Traditional accounting methods are based on the assumption that prices can be controlled, but as the practice of most managers has shown, this is practically impossible. The theory of functional cost analysis recognizes that you can only manage what is produced, and prices change as a consequence. The advantages of the FSA approach are that it provides a wider range of measures to improve business efficiency. When systematically examining the functions performed, not only the factors influencing the increase or decrease in productivity are identified, but also the incorrect allocation of resources is discovered. Therefore, to reduce costs, power can be distributed more rationally and higher productivity can be achieved than in the traditional way.
Sources of costs at different levels	Quantitative cost distribution bases	As overhead costs rise, new technologies emerge and, of course, it is too risky to allocate costs based on 5-15% (as in most companies) of total expenses. In fact, errors can reach several hundred percent. In functional cost analysis, costs are distributed in accordance with cause-and-effect relationships between functions and cost objects. These connections are recorded using sources of costs. In practice, sources of costs are divided into several levels. Let's list the most important ones: · Unit level (Unity level). At this level, the sources for each unit of output are considered. For example: a person and a machine that produce a product per unit of time. The associated labor time will be considered a cost source at the unit level. It is a quantitative measure similar to the cost allocation basis used in traditional accounting methods; · Party level (Batch level). These sources are no longer associated with units, but with batches of products. An example of the use of functions at this level would be production planning, which is performed for each batch regardless of its size. A quantitative indicator of such sources is, as a rule, the number of parties; · Product level (Product level). Here we're talking about about sources related to the release of a particular type of product, regardless of the number of units and batches produced. An indicator used, for example, is the number of hours required to develop a product. The higher this indicator, the greater the costs allocated to this product; · Enterprise level (Facility level). Sources at this level are not directly related to products; these are general functions related to the operation of the enterprise as a whole. At the same time, the costs caused by them are distributed further among the products.
Process orientation	Structural orientation	Traditional costing systems focus more on the organizational structure rather than the existing process. They cannot answer the question: “What should be done?”, since they know nothing about the process. They only have information about the availability of resources necessary to complete the job. And the process-oriented FSA method gives managers the opportunity to more accurately match resource needs with available capacity, and therefore increase productivity.

Let us describe the advantages and disadvantages of functional cost analysis compared to traditional methods.

Advantages:

1.More accurate knowledge of product costs makes it possible to make the right strategic decisions on:

a) setting prices for products;

b) the right combination of products;

c) the choice between the possibilities of making it yourself or purchasing it;

d) investing in research and development, process automation, promotion, etc.

2. Greater clarity regarding the functions performed, due to which companies are able to:

a) pay more attention to management functions, such as increasing the efficiency of expensive operations;

b) identify and reduce the volume of operations that do not add value to products.

Flaws :

1. The process of describing functions can be overly detailed, in addition, the model is sometimes too complex and difficult to maintain;

2. Often the stage of collecting data about data sources by functions (activity drivers) is underestimated;

3. High-quality implementation requires special software;

4. The model often becomes outdated due to organizational changes;

5. Greater labor intensity of work to carry out FSA;

6. Implementation is often seen as an unnecessary “whim” of financial management and is not sufficiently supported by operational management.

1.3 Objectives and methodology for conducting FSA

Users of FSA results can be employees at various levels, from the head of a department to the top management of an organization. The organization of data and output forms of the FSA model should allow the selection of different levels of information detail in accordance with user requirements. Moreover, users of FSA information must be both consumers and providers of data.

The main feature of the use of FSA is the availability of the most general recommendations and methods. A specific implementation in a specific enterprise is unique, since it absorbs all the specifics of the enterprise structure and the organization of the internal production process.

The implementation of FSA is not such a complicated process, but it is by no means a trivial task. Its solution requires considerable effort and time. Regardless of the specifics of the organization and its form of ownership, there are general preliminary steps necessary for successful implementation:

1. Formulation of the goals of the FSA and a clear understanding of the results that should be obtained;

2. Determination of the scope of application of the FSA.

The purpose of applying the FSA methodology is to accurately determine the cost of the services provided by the organization. The result of constructing the FSA model is a “transparent” structure of the organization, enterprise and all its production processes in detail. Not only the cost of the service, but also of each individual operation is determined accurately. On this basis, a whole range of management decisions is possible: adjustment of the tariff policy of an enterprise, organization, refusal of some services or transfer of them to other departments, management, determination of priority areas of client policy, changes in staff.

Scale . The time and effort required to complete an FSA project depends on the scope of application of the FSA method. And here there are several alternatives.

In most cases, the implementation of the FSA method is initially tested on small “pilot” projects, very limited in scope. Even so, project sizes can vary significantly. It all depends on what aspect the pilot project covers.

To conduct FSA, in the opinion of many authors who describe the FSA methodology, it is necessary to create a working group, which would include specialists from various professions, as well as representatives of customers (buyers), suppliers and subcontractors. The group must be provided with all information, regulatory documentation about the structures, processes of the enterprise, accounting data, etc.

When conducting FSA, specialists must completely abstract from a really existing object or a previously made decision, show that this decision is not and cannot be the only one, giving the opportunity for wide scope for scientific and technical creativity. In this case, it would be advisable to use the most effective forecasting methods based on individual and collective expertise: “brainstorming”, synthetics (forecasting method by analogy); “Delphi” method (survey using pre-prepared questionnaires); element-by-element economic analysis of structures Yu.M. Soboleva and others.

The application of the FSA method is based on the development and practical application of FSA models. The purpose of creating an FSA model for improving the activities of enterprises is to achieve improvements in the operation of enterprises in terms of cost, labor intensity and productivity. Carrying out calculations using the FSA model allows you to obtain a large amount of FSA information for decision making. Moreover, this information, especially the relationships of its individual elements, are, as a rule, unexpected for decision makers. The information obtained allows you to justify and make decisions in the process of applying such methods for improving the financial and economic activities of an enterprise, such as:

· “just in time” (Just-in-time, JIT) and KANBAN;

· global quality management (Total Quality Management, TQM);

· continuous improvement (Kaizen);

· business process reengineering (Business Process Reengineering, BPR).

As a rule, FSA information is presented in the form of a system of cost and time indicators, indicators of labor intensity and labor costs, as well as relative indicators, characterizing the effectiveness of the activities of responsibility centers in the enterprise.

The scorecard can be used both for current (operational) management and for making strategic decisions. At the level of operational management, information from the FSA model can be used to formulate recommendations for increasing profits and improving the efficiency of the enterprise. On the strategic level - assistance in making decisions regarding the reorganization of the enterprise, changing the range of products and services, entering new markets, diversification, etc. FSA information shows how resources can be redistributed with maximum strategic benefit, helps to identify the possibilities of those factors (quality, service, cost reduction, labor intensity reduction) that have highest value, and also determine best options capital investments. The main directions of using the FSA model for reorganizing business processes are increasing productivity, reducing cost, labor intensity, time and improving quality.

Improving productivity involves three steps. At the first stage, functions are analyzed to determine opportunities to improve the efficiency of their implementation. On the second, the causes of unproductive expenses and ways to eliminate them are identified. And finally, at the third stage, monitoring and conducting necessary changes at the enterprise. As for reducing costs, labor intensity and time, using the FSA method it is possible to reorganize activities in such a way that a sustainable reduction is achieved. To do this you need to do the following:

· create a ranked list of functions by cost, labor intensity or time;

· select functions from high cost, labor intensity and time;

· reduce the time required to perform functions;

· eliminate unnecessary functions;

· organize the sharing of all possible functions;

· redistribute resources released as a result of improvements.

It is obvious that the above actions improve the quality of business processes. In addition, improving the quality of business processes is carried out through a comparative assessment and selection of rational (based on cost or time criteria) technologies for performing operations or procedures that are elements of business processes.

Function-based management is based on several analytical methods that use FSA information. This - strategic analysis, cost analysis, time analysis, labor intensity analysis, target cost determination and cost calculation based on the life cycle of a product or service.

One of the areas for using the FSA method is the formation of a budget system at an enterprise. When forming a budget system, the FSA model is used to determine the volume and cost of work, as well as resource requirements.

In this case, the received FSA information allows you to make informed and targeted decisions on the allocation of resources, based on an understanding of the relationships between functions and cost objects, cost factors and the scope of work. All this allows us to create a realistic budget system.

FSA is a process of collecting and processing information, which usually has several stages:

1. Construction of a functional model. At this stage, information about the processes of the enterprise is collected, a functional model is built and approved. The result of the stage is a functional process model;

2. Collection of costs. Construction in progress block diagram enterprises, determination of cost items and distribution of these items according to the structural diagram;

3. Transfer of costs to the functional model. The structural diagram and functional model of the processes are agreed upon, and the cost of the functions is determined;

As a result of the information and analytical stage, we receive the following documentation:

· table of analysis of control system functions and its constructive functional structure;

· list of basic, auxiliary and unnecessary functions;

· a list of development criteria, main indicators and requirements for the system being improved;

· summary table of function costs;

· list and characteristics of areas of greatest concentration of costs;

· setting tasks to eliminate elements with unnecessary functions;

· setting goals to reduce the cost of functions containing unnecessary costs;

· a list of unclear issues that arose during the collection, systematization and analysis of information, for subsequent discussion with specialists;

· list and description of ideas to improve the management system.

The result of carrying out FSA, as an important tool for product quality management, should be a reduction in costs per unit of useful effect, which is achieved by: reducing costs while simultaneously increasing the consumer properties of products; improving product quality while maintaining cost levels; reducing costs while maintaining quality levels; cost reduction with justified reduction technical parameters to their functionally required level.

The development of the FSA method was the method of functional cost management (FSU, Activity-Based Management, ABM).

FMS is a method that involves cost management through the application of more accurate allocation of costs to processes, procedures, functions and products.

The combined use of FSA/FSU methods allows not only to accurately determine costs, but also to manage them.

The construction of functional cost models is carried out on the basis of the use of methodological and technological relationships between the IDEFO and FSA models.

The connection between the IDEFO and FSA methods lies in the fact that both methods consider the financial and economic activities of an enterprise as a set of sequentially performed functions, and the arcs of inputs, outputs, control and mechanisms of the IDEFO model functions correspond to the cost objects and resources of the FSA model.

2 Characteristics of the State Regional Institution of Social Services for the Population “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Elovsky District of the Perm Region”

2.1 Economic and legal characteristics of the institution

The activities of the institution are carried out on the basis of the charter, which was agreed upon with the Deputy Governor, Chairman of the Department of Property Relations of the Perm Region - V.V. Lobov (order of December 13, 2005 No. 1130) and approved by order of December 2, 2005 No. 433 by the Deputy Chairman of the Department of Social Development - E. N. Luzin, and subject to state registration in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The state regional institution of social services for the population “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Elovsky District” (formerly the municipal institution “Center for Social Services for the Population of the Administration of the Elovsky District of the Perm Region”) was created on the basis of the resolution of the head of the administration of the Elovsky District dated April 25, 2001 No. 123.

In accordance with the decree of the governor of the Perm region dated November 29, 2005 No. 550-“On the transfer of municipal social service institutions to the state ownership of the Perm region,” the municipal institution was transferred from municipal ownership to the state ownership of the Perm region under an act of acceptance and transfer.

The founder of the state regional institution of social services for the population “Comprehensive Center for Social Services of the Population” of the Elovsky District (hereinafter referred to as the Institution) is the Department of Social Development of the Perm Region (hereinafter referred to as the Founder).

Location of the Founder: Russian Federation (Russia), 614068, Perm, st. Pushkina, 112.

The form of ownership of the Institution is state regional.

The full name of the Institution is the state regional institution of social services for the population “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Elovsky District”, abbreviated as GOU SON KTSSON of the Elovsky District.

Legal address of the Institution: Russian Federation (Russia), 618170, Perm region, p. Elovo, st. Lenina, 34

The institution carries out its activities in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Laws of the Russian Federation “On Non-Profit Organizations”, “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation”, “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens”, Resolution of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated July 27, 1999. No. 32 “On approval of methodological recommendations for organizing the activities of the state (municipal) institution “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population”, other federal laws and regulations of the Russian Federation, laws and regulations Perm region, the Charter of the Perm region, resolutions and orders of the governor of the Perm region, orders of the Founder.

The institution is a legal entity, has separate property, an independent balance sheet, personal accounts, a seal with the full name of the institution and the Founder, stamps, forms and other details necessary for its activities.

An institution has the right, on its own behalf, to acquire property and personal non-property rights, bear responsibilities, and be a plaintiff and defendant in court.

2.1.1 Goals and subject of the institution’s activities

The purpose of the Institution is to provide families and individual citizens (hereinafter referred to as citizens) who find themselves in difficult life situations with assistance in realizing their legal rights and interests, assistance in improving their social and financial situation, as well as psychological status.

The subject of the Institution's activities is to resolve general issues of social assistance and support for citizens, social assistance and support for families, women and children, elderly citizens and the disabled.

The activities of the Institution are aimed at carrying out social, recreational, preventive and other activities, in connection with which the Institution carries out:

Monitoring the social and demographic situation, the level of socio-economic well-being of citizens in the service territory;

Identification and differentiated accounting of citizens in need of social support, determination of the forms of assistance they need and the frequency (permanently, temporarily, on a one-time basis) of its provision;

Providing citizens with social, legal, psychological, medical, consumer, advisory and other services, subject to the principles of targeting, accessibility, voluntariness, humanity, confidentiality and preventive focus;

Social rehabilitation of disabled people and disabled children;

Providing assistance to women and children who are victims of domestic violence;

- participation in work to prevent the neglect of minors and protect their rights:

Involvement of state, municipal and non-government government agencies, organizations and institutions (health care, education, migration service, employment service, and so on), as well as public and religious organizations and associations (veterans, disabled people, committees of the Red Cross Society, associations of large families, single-parent families, and so on) to resolve issues of providing social support to the population and coordination of their activities in this direction;

Introduction into practice of new forms and methods of social services, depending on the nature of the population’s need for social support and local socio-economic conditions;

Carrying out activities to improve the professional level of the Institution’s employees.

The areas of activity of the Institution can be adjusted depending on the socio-demographic and economic situation in the region and in the service territory, the need of the population for specific types of social support and other factors.

2.1.2 Financial activities of the institution

Financing of the Institution is carried out from the regional budget on the basis of estimates of income and expenses, as well as other sources not prohibited by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

The institution independently determines the procedure for using budgetary and extra-budgetary funds, including determining their share allocated for wages and material incentives for employees in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, regional legislation and the Charter.

The Institution may conduct business activities, the types of which are determined by the regulations of the Institution, with the consent of the Founder, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The right of the Institution to carry out activities for which it is necessary to obtain a license arises from the moment of its receipt or within the specified period therein, and terminates upon expiration of its validity, unless otherwise provided by law or other legal acts.

The institution is financed from the regional budget. To record transactions with funds from the regional budget, the main department of finance and tax policy of the Perm region opens personal accounts with the treasury authorities. An institution can only open one personal account of the appropriate type.

The institution sets the wages of employees, determines the procedure and amount of their bonuses, as well as additional payments and allowances to official salaries, taking into account the restrictions established by federal and regional regulations.

2.1.3 Property of the institution

The property of the Institution is the state property of the Perm region.

The property is transferred in accordance with the transfer and acceptance certificate, which contains a complete breakdown by name of the property transferred to operational management.

The property is assigned to the Institution with the right of operational management by the Department of Property Relations of the Perm Region (hereinafter referred to as the Department).

Property acquired by the Institution under contracts or other grounds (including in the form of a gift, donation or will) comes into the operational management of the Institution.

Land plots are provided to the Institution for permanent (indefinite) use in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The institution owns and uses the property assigned to it and property acquired from funds allocated to it according to the estimate, in accordance with its purpose, provided for by the Charter and legislation of the Russian Federation and the Perm region.

Sources of formation of the Institution's property in in cash and other forms are:

Regional budget funds;

- property transferred to him by the owner or an authorized body;

- voluntary donations from legal and individuals and target revenues:

Income received from business activities permitted by the Institution, including income from the provision of paid services;

- other income received from the use of state property of the Perm region;

- other sources in accordance with the legislation and other regulations of the Russian Federation and the Perm region.

Property acquired by the Institution from income from permitted and income-generating activities enters the operational management of the institution and is the state property of the Perm region.

Income of the Institution received from entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities, after paying taxes and fees provided for by the legislation on taxes and fees, are fully taken into account in the estimate of income and expenses of a budget institution, reflected in the income of the corresponding budget as income from the use of property located in state property, or as income from the provision of paid services.

The institution, when executing estimates of income and expenses, independently spends funds received from extra-budgetary sources.

Certain types of property owned by the state of the Perm region may be transferred to the Institution for free use, lease or on another basis in accordance with current legislation.

An institution does not have the right to carry out transactions, the possible consequences of which are the alienation or encumbrance of property assigned to it under the right of operational management, or acquired using funds allocated to it according to the estimate.

The Institution has the right to dispose of property owned by the Institution with the right of operational management and acquired using funds received from extra-budgetary sources with the consent of the Department.

When exercising the right of operational management of property, the Institution is obliged to:

=> use property effectively;

=> ensure the safety of property and its use strictly in accordance with the purposes of the establishment of the Institution;

=> prevent deterioration technical condition property (these requirements do not apply to deterioration associated with standard wear and tear of this property during operation);

=> carry out current and major renovation property, however, any improvements made to the property are not subject to compensation.

Write-off of fixed assets of the Institution is carried out in in the prescribed manner, with the consent of the Founder and the Department.

In order to monitor the intended use and safety of property assigned to the Institution under the right of operational management, or in use, the Department, together with the Founder, has the right to carry out documentary and actual inspections (audits, inventories) of property.

Peculiarities of social work with disabled people at the municipal level (using the example of the State Institution RA “KCSON” - social rehabilitation department)

Introduction

1 Theoretical foundations of social work with people with disabilities

2 Practice of organization and content of social work with disabled people at the municipal level

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Today in the Russian Federation at least over 8 million people are officially recognized as disabled. Despite the increase in the number of disabled people, there are still quite a few institutions in Russia that work to provide them with social, socio-medical, material and other assistance. One of the most important problems of disabled people is their lack of inclusion in social production, since only some regions are actively involved in opening jobs for them, which negatively affects the financial situation and psychological state of disabled people. These include such large cities as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don, Nizhny Novgorod and a number of others.

A significant contribution to the study of the problems of people with disabilities in society was made by the works of such famous Russian researchers as E.I. Kholostovoy, A.V. Gostyushina, T.A. Dobrovolskoy, A.V. Kuznetsova, A.I. Osadchikh and others. Experts point out that current situation in the area of accessible environment puts people with disabilities in very difficult conditions. The problems of creating an accessible living environment for people with disabilities (living environment, educational environment, urban planning) were dealt with by M.Yu. Kesler, Yu.V. Kolosov, L.A. Viktorova, E.I. Kholostova, N.F. Dementieva. Aspects of management of social sector institutions are reflected in the works of E.I. Kholostovoy, L.V. Topchego and others, however, the problem interdepartmental interaction in the field of providing an accessible living environment for people with disabilities has not been sufficiently studied in the works of Russian and foreign scientists.

Recently, specialists from various professional fields have been developing technology for social, socio-medical, socio-psychological support for people with disabilities. There is an active discussion of the experience of leading social rehabilitation centers in special journals, at conferences and other scientific and practical forums. However, in our opinion, not enough attention is paid to this problem.

Disabled people in Russia face such problems as loneliness (their communication is often limited to their parental family or immediate relatives), the inability to continue their education, and others.

In the modernization of Russian society, it is more difficult for disabled people to compete on an equal footing in the labor market with physically able-bodied people. In the context of a general increase in unemployment, their participation in social production is significantly reduced. Only about 650 thousand disabled people are employed, which negatively affects the physical and psychological condition of disabled people. Families and relatives who have disabled people in their care usually experience significant financial and psychological difficulties.

The main task of social work with people with disabilities is to combine the efforts of both government bodies and public and private initiatives, self-help groups to most fully meet the needs of this category of the population and self-realization of people with disabilities.

All of the above confirms the extreme relevance of the research topic “Features of social work with people with disabilities at the municipal level (using the example of the State Institution RA “KTSSON” - social rehabilitation department)”

Purpose of the study: Identification of the features of social work with people with disabilities at the municipal level (using the example of the State Institution RA “KCSON” - social rehabilitation department)

Object of study: Social work with disabled people

Subject of research: Features of social work with disabled people at the municipal level (using the example of the State Institution RA “KCSON” - social rehabilitation department)

1. Consider disabled people as an object of social work in modern society.

2. Analyze the legal framework for social work with people with disabilities.

3. Summarize the practice of organization and content of social work with disabled people at the municipal level.

Research methods: analysis of literature and documents summarizing the experience of social service centers with people with disabilities.

Research base: GU RA “KTSSON” - social rehabilitation department.

The theoretical basis of the final certification work is the works of scientists: E.I. Kholostovoy, A.V. Gostyushina, T.A. Dobrovolskoy, L.K. Gracheva, A.V. Kuznetsova, E.V. Ustinova and others.

Chapter 1 Theoretical foundations of social work with people with disabilities

1.1 Disabled people as an object of social work in modern society

The term “disabled person” goes back to the Latin root (volid – “effective, full-fledged, powerful”) and literally translated can mean “unfit”, “inferior”.

Starting from the time of Peter I, this name was given to military personnel who, due to illness or injury, were unable to perform military service and who were sent to civilian positions. In Western Europe, this word had the same connotation, that is, it referred primarily to wounded soldiers. From the second half of the nineteenth century. the term also applies to civilians who also became victims of war - the development of weapons and the expansion of the scale of wars increasingly exposed the civilian population to all the dangers of military conflicts. Finally, after the Second World War, in line with the general movement to formulate and protect human rights in general and certain categories of the population in particular, the concept of “disabled person” was formed, referring to all persons with physical, mental or intellectual disabilities.

Today, people with disabilities belong to the most socially vulnerable category of the population. Their income is well below average and their health and social care needs are much higher. They have less opportunity to receive an education and cannot engage in labor activities. Most of them do not have families and do not want to participate in public life. All this suggests that people with disabilities in our society are a discriminated minority.

An analysis of the history of the development of the problem of disability indicates that, having gone from the ideas of physical destruction, isolation of “inferior” members of society to the concepts of involving them in work, humanity has come to understand the need to integrate into society persons with physical defects, pathophysiological syndromes, and psychosocial disorders.

In this regard, there is a need to reject the classical approach to the problem of disability as a problem of “inferior people” and present it as a problem affecting society as a whole.

In other words, disability is not a problem of one person, or even a part of society, but of the whole society as a whole.

Its essence lies in the legal, economic, production, communication, and psychological characteristics of the interaction of disabled people with the outside world.

Such a genesis social thought explained by the corresponding development of economic opportunities and the level of social maturity of different historical eras.

“A disabled person,” says the Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation,” is a person who has a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, caused by illness, consequences of injuries or defects, leading to limited life activity and necessitating his social protection.”

“Limitation of life activity,” the same law explains, “is a complete or partial loss of a person’s ability or ability to provide self-care, move independently, navigate, communicate, control one’s behavior, study and engage in work.”

Blind, deaf, mute people with impaired coordination of movement, completely or partially paralyzed, etc. are recognized as disabled due to obvious deviations from the normal physical condition of a person. Persons who have no external differences from ordinary people, but suffer from diseases that do not allow them to work in various fields as healthy people do, are also recognized as disabled. For example, a person suffering from coronary heart disease is unable to perform heavy physical work, but he is quite capable of mental activity.

All disabled people are divided into several groups for various reasons:

1. By age - disabled children, disabled adults.

2. By origin of disability: disabled since childhood, war disabled, labor disabled, disabled from general illness.

3. By degree of ability to work: disabled people able to work and incapacitated, disabled people of group I (incapacitated), disabled people of group II (temporarily disabled or able to work in limited areas), disabled people of group II (able to work in benign working conditions).

4. Based on the nature of the disease, people with disabilities can belong to the mobile, low-mobility or immobile groups.

Depending on membership in a particular group, issues of employment and organization of life for disabled people are resolved. Low mobility disabled people (able to move only with the help of wheelchairs or crutches) can work from home or have them transported to their place of work. This circumstance causes many additional problems: equipment of the workplace at home or at the enterprise, delivery of orders to the home and finished products to the warehouse or consumer, material, raw materials and technical supplies, repairs, maintenance of equipment at home, allocation of transport for delivering a disabled person to work and from work, etc.

The situation is even more complicated with immobile disabled people who are bedridden. They cannot move without assistance, but are able to work mentally: analyze socio-political, economic, environmental and other situations; write articles, works of art, create paintings, engage in accounting activities, etc.

If such a disabled person lives in a family, many problems can be solved relatively simply. If he is lonely, special workers will be needed who would find such disabled people, identify their abilities, help receive orders, conclude contracts, purchase necessary materials and tools, organize sales of products, etc. Such a disabled person also needs everyday care, starting with the morning toilet and ending with providing food. In all these cases, disabled people are helped by special social workers who receive wages for caring for them. Blind but mobile disabled people are also assigned workers paid by the state or charitable organizations.

Thus, a disabled person is a person who has a health impairment with a persistent disorder of body functions, caused by a disease, the consequences of injuries or defects, leading to limited life activity and necessitating his social protection. Disability is not a problem of one person, or even part of society, but of the whole society as a whole. Its essence lies in the legal, economic, production, communication, and psychological characteristics of the interaction of disabled people with the outside world. All disabled people are divided into several groups for various reasons:

by age, by origin of disability, by degree of ability to work and by the nature of the disease. In all these cases, disabled people are helped by special social workers who receive wages for caring for them.

1.2 Regulatory support social work with disabled people

In order to provide qualified assistance to people with disabilities, a social worker must know the legal, departmental documents defining the status of a disabled person, his rights to receive various benefits and payments, etc. The general rights of people with disabilities are formulated in the UN Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Let's consider a number of excerpts from this legal international document:

- “Disabled people have the right to respect for their human dignity;

Persons with disabilities have the same civil and political rights as other persons;

Persons with disabilities have the right to measures designed to enable them to gain as much independence as possible;

Persons with disabilities have the right to medical, technical or functional treatment, including prosthetic and orthopedic devices, restoration of health and social status, education, vocational training and rehabilitation, assistance, consultation, employment services and other services;

Disabled people must be protected from any kind of exploitation."

Fundamental legislative acts on disabled people have been adopted in Russia. Of particular importance for determining the rights and responsibilities of people with disabilities, the responsibility of the state, charitable organizations, and individuals are the laws “On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people” (1995), “On social protection of people with disabilities in the Russian Federation” (1995).

Even earlier, in July 1992, the President of the Russian Federation issued a Decree “On scientific support for the problems of disability and disabled people.” In October of the same year, decrees “On additional measures of state support for people with disabilities” and “On measures to create an accessible living environment for people with disabilities” were issued.

These rule-making acts determine the relations of society and the state towards disabled people and the relations of disabled people with society and the state. It should be noted that many provisions of these rule-making acts create a reliable legal framework for the life and social protection of people with disabilities in our country.

The Law “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens” formulates the basic principles of social services for elderly and disabled citizens: respect for human and civil rights; provision of state guarantees in the field of social services; equal opportunity to receive social services; continuity of all types of social services; orientation of social services to the individual needs of elderly citizens and people with disabilities; responsibility of government bodies at all levels for ensuring the rights of citizens in need of social services, etc. (Article 3 of the Law).

Social services are provided to all elderly citizens and people with disabilities, regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations and other circumstances (Article 4 of the Law).

Social services are provided by decision of social protection authorities in institutions under their jurisdiction or under agreements concluded by social protection authorities with social service institutions of other forms of ownership (Article 5 of the Law).

Social services are provided exclusively with the consent of people who need them, especially when it comes to placing them in stationary social service institutions. In these institutions, with the consent of those served, labor activities can be organized under the terms of an employment contract. Persons who have entered into an employment contract receive the right to annual paid leave of 30 calendar days.

The law provides various shapes social services, including:

Social services at home (including social and medical services);

Semi-stationary social services in departments of day (night) stay of citizens in social service institutions;

stationary social services in boarding houses, boarding houses and other stationary social service institutions;

Urgent social services (usually in urgent situations: catering, provision of clothing, shoes, overnight accommodation, urgent provision of temporary housing, etc.)

Social, socio-psychological, medical and social consulting assistance.

All social services included in the federal list of state-guaranteed services can be provided to citizens free of charge, as well as on the terms of partial or full payment.

The Law “On Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens” divides the social service system into two main sectors - state and non-state.

The public sector is formed by federal and municipal social service agencies.

The non-state social service sector unites institutions whose activities are based on forms of ownership that are not state or municipal, as well as persons engaged in private activity in the field of social services. Non-state forms of social services are provided by public associations, including professional associations, charitable and religious organizations.

Significant issues of social protection of disabled people received a legal basis in the Law “On Social Protection of Disabled People in the Russian Federation”. The law defines the powers of the authorities state power(federal and constituent entities of the Russian Federation) in the field of social protection of disabled people. It reveals the rights and responsibilities of medical and social examination bodies, which, on the basis of a comprehensive examination of a person, establishes the nature and degree of the disease that led to disability, the disability group, determines the work schedule of working disabled people, develops individual and comprehensive rehabilitation programs for disabled people, gives medical and social conclusions, makes decisions that are binding on government bodies, enterprises and organizations, regardless of their form of ownership.

A social worker also needs to know problems that have not been solved by legislation or have been solved but not implemented in practice. For example, the Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” does not allow the production Vehicle that do not have adaptations for the free use of urban modes of transport by disabled people, or the commissioning of housing that does not provide adaptations for the free use of this housing by disabled people (Article 15 of the Law). However, in our country there is clearly a shortage of buses and trolleybuses equipped with special lifts, with the help of which disabled people in wheelchairs could independently climb onto a bus or trolleybus. Both decades ago and today, residential buildings are put into operation without any devices that would allow a disabled person to freely leave his apartment in a wheelchair, use an elevator, go down a ramp onto the sidewalk adjacent to the entrance, etc., etc. Data the provisions of the Law ‹‹0 for social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation" are simply ignored by everyone who is legally obliged to create the necessary conditions for the normal functioning of disabled people.

At the municipal level of the Altai Republic, Resolution of the Government of the Altai Republic dated November 10, 2009 N 254 “On the republican target program “Social support for people with disabilities in the Altai Republic for 2010-2014” was adopted. In order to improve the quality of social services and ensure social integration into society disabled people, disabled children, a program has been adopted, the main objectives of which are to reduce disability rates in the republic; create conditions for comprehensive rehabilitation of disabled people in order to return to full life; encourage disabled people for special achievements in the field of culture, art and sports; intensify the activities of public associations of disabled people by supporting socially significant projects; improving the quality of provision of social services to people with disabilities; creating conditions for education, comprehensive personal development and active participation in public life; ensuring access for people with disabilities to information and social infrastructure.

The effectiveness of the program will be assessed by the following indicators: an increase in the number of rehabilitation institutions, an increase in the number of citizens served, an increase in the number of participants in creative and sports events.

Thus, in order to provide qualified assistance to disabled people, a social worker must know the legal, departmental documents defining the status of a disabled person, his rights to receive various benefits and payments, etc. Of particular importance for determining the rights and responsibilities of disabled people, the responsibility of the state, charitable organizations , private individuals have laws “On social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities” (1995), “On social protection of people with disabilities in the Russian Federation” (1995). Significant issues of social protection of disabled people received a legal basis in the Law “On Social Protection of Disabled People in the Russian Federation”. Published laws determine the attitude of society and the state towards disabled people and the relationship of disabled people with society and the state. It should be noted that many provisions of these laws create a reliable legal framework for the life and social protection of people with disabilities in our country. A social worker also needs to know problems that have not been solved by legislation or have been solved but not implemented in practice.

Chapter 2 Organizational practice and content of work with disabled people at the municipal level

disabled social work

2.1 Organization of social work with disabled people at the municipal level

Social work with disabled people at the municipal level of the city of Gorno-Altaisk is regulated by the Regulations on the State Institution of the Altai Republic “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population” No. 146 adopted on August 26, 2004. According to the Regulations, the institution is created in order to provide families and individual citizens in difficult life situations with assistance in realizing their legal rights and interests, assistance in improving their social and financial situation, socio-psychological status, it serves families (individual citizens), minors, those in difficult life situations, elderly citizens and disabled people. The founder of the center is the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Altai Republic. In its activities, the Institution is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Altai Republic, federal and republican laws, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Altai Republic, as well as Labor Code Russian Federation.

GU RA "KTSSON" is located in two buildings: in the city of Gorno-Altaisk on Kommunistichesky Avenue, 89, and in the village of Maima, on Trudovaya Street, 57. The buildings are provided with communal services of all types: heating, water supply, sewerage, electricity, communications and comply with sanitary and hygienic standards and fire safety requirements.

GU RA "KTsSON" provides the following services:

a) socially domestic services aimed at providing favorable and safe living conditions for clients:

Organization of reception and accommodation of clients;

Providing clients with living space (living premises) for the provision of rehabilitation activities, cultural consumer services meeting state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations, requirements fire safety and injury prevention;

Providing for use to clients necessary furniture, bedding and other accessories in accordance with established standards;

Providing clients with the opportunity to maintain personal hygiene standards, including using the shower;

Cleaning of residential premises and the territory where the institution providing rehabilitation services is located;

Ensuring washing, necessary sanitization of bed linen, and timely replacement of bed linen;

Providing transportation when necessary to transport clients to institutions for treatment or participation in cultural events.

b) socially medical services aimed at maintaining and improving the health of citizens, developing skills healthy image life with clients, monitoring compliance with sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic requirements:

Sanitary education work with clients;

Providing or assisting in providing medical care to clients, including delivery and escort of clients, if necessary, to an inpatient medical facility;

Monitoring the health status of clients;

Assistance in carrying out or carrying out rehabilitation measures of a socio-medical nature, including in accordance with individual rehabilitation programs for people with disabilities;

Organization of qualified medical consultation, including consultations and conversations on healthy lifestyle issues;

Carrying out therapeutic and preventive, sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures;

Individual work with clients aimed at preventing bad habits and getting rid of them (alcohol, drug use, smoking, substance abuse)

Preparing clients for responsible parenthood;

Training in the basics of family planning, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection and AIDS;

Carrying out measures to prevent injuries.

c) social and psychological services that provide for the correction of the psychological state of citizens for their adaptation to their environment (society):

Carrying out educational and preventive work with clients in order to prevent or eliminate negative psychological factors that worsen their mental health, including carrying out individual educational and preventive work;

Psychological correction of clients’ behavior to overcome or mitigate emerging disturbances in their communication with others;

Psychological trainings aimed at relieving clients of the consequences of neuropsychic tension, developing skills and abilities of social adaptation to the current living conditions;

Psychological counseling of clients, conducting group classes on establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships in a team;

Providing psychological assistance to clients in order to improve their psychological well-being, including conversations, communication, listening, encouragement, motivation to be active, psychological support for clients’ vitality.

d) social and pedagogical services aimed at preventing deviations in behavior and anomalies in the personal development of clients, developing their positive interests, organizing their cultural, leisure and sports activities;

Organization of societies and clubs of interests, creative associations for the formation and development of client interests;

Animation services (excursions, visits to museums, exhibitions, holidays, anniversaries, other cultural events), including quizzes, competitions, art exhibitions;

Organization environmental work;

Assisting parents in adapting children to the current situation, their social and pedagogical rehabilitation, overcoming pedagogical neglect;

Organization of work on the patriotic, moral and aesthetic education of clients, their intellectual development and the development of their creative abilities.

e) information services aimed at providing timely and reliable information about various aspects of the life of an institution: the name of the institution, its location, categories of persons served, a list of basic social services, characteristics of services, the procedure and conditions for their provision.

e) social legal services aimed at providing clients with legal assistance, protecting their legal rights and interests:

Providing legal assistance in obtaining monetary compensation in case of damage caused to a client by an institution providing social services, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

Consulting on social and legal issues;

protection of the rights and legitimate interests of clients during the provision of social services to them;

Social and legal patronage of families.

g) socio-economic services aimed at maintaining and improving living standards:

Consulting on social support measures, employment issues, choice of profession;

Assistance in preparing and processing documents;

Assistance in providing financial assistance;

provision of vouchers to sanatorium-resort institutions;

social patronage;

Raising funds to help citizens in difficult life situations.

This institution carries out its activities in cooperation with federal institutions of medical and social expertise, social protection authorities, social service institutions, public organizations, executive authorities of the republic, employment centers, the Fund for Support of Children in Difficult Life Situations, and the media. The center's employees are responsible for fulfilling the tasks assigned to them in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation and the Altai Republic.

The main objectives of the Center are:

Methodological support for social services to the population;

Organization of advanced training for social workers of republican and municipal institutions;

Identification and differentiated accounting of citizens who are in difficult life situations and in need of social services, determining the forms of assistance they need and the frequency of its provision;

Development and implementation of new technologies, forms and methods of social services, taking into account the population’s need for social support and local socio-economic conditions;

Monitoring the social and demographic situation, the level of socio-economic well-being of citizens in the service territory;

Providing citizens with social - everyday, socio-pedagogical, socio-legal, socio-psychological, socio-medical, advisory and other services aimed at promoting the improvement of their social, financial situation and socio-psychological status, subject to the principles of targeting and continuity of assistance;

Involving state, municipal and non-state bodies, organizations and institutions (health care, education, migration service, employment service and so on), as well as public and religious organizations and associations in resolving issues of providing social support to the population and coordinating their activities in this direction;

Prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency.

The institution operates on the principles of:

Addressing;

Availability;

Voluntariness;

Humanity;

Priorities for the provision of social services to minors in difficult life situations;

Privacy;

Preventive orientation.

The structure of the institution includes the following divisions:

Department of assistance to families and children in difficult life situations. Providing assistance to families (individual citizens) and children in realizing their legal rights and interests, in improving their financial and social situation, as well as their psychological status.

b) department for work with elderly citizens and disabled people: (Veterans House). It is intended for social rehabilitation through the provision of advisory assistance and the provision of social and domestic services. Possibility of using social taxi, social hairdresser. Organizing leisure activities for various interest clubs, assistance in obtaining social support measures, and providing psychological support.

c) the organizational and methodological department is intended for methodological support social services for the population, organizing advanced training for social workers of republican and municipal institutions, development, testing and implementation of new technologies, forms and methods of social services, taking into account the needs of the population, monitoring the social and demographic situation, the level of socio-economic well-being of citizens in the republic.

d) the social rehabilitation department for disabled people and combat veterans provides comprehensive social rehabilitation to disabled people, combat veterans and members of their families, and elderly citizens. Social rehabilitation is carried out on the basis of individual rehabilitation programs and an individual rehabilitation card, social and medical services are provided in accordance with the license, cultural and leisure activities and psychological assistance are organized.

Thus, the State Institution of the Altai Republic “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population” was created in accordance with Resolution of the Altai Republic No. 146 of August 26, 2004. The center provides assistance to families and individual citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations in the implementation of legal rights and interests, assistance in improving their social and financial situation, socio-psychological status, it serves families (individual citizens) and minors in difficult life situations , elderly citizens and disabled people. GU RA "KTSSON" provides social - household, social - medical, social - psychological, social - pedagogical, social - legal and socio-economic services. The structure of the institution includes a department for helping families and children who find themselves in difficult life situations, a department for working with elderly citizens and disabled people, an organizational and methodological department and a social rehabilitation department for the disabled and combat veterans.

The comprehensive social service center is located in two buildings. One of them is for non-stationary departments, and the other is for stationary purposes - a social rehabilitation department for disabled people and combat veterans.

Services provided in the inpatient department are divided into:

Social services:

Providing living space, premises for organizing rehabilitation and medical activities, cultural and consumer services;

Providing the use of furniture (bed, bedside table, chair, space in the wardrobe) in accordance with approved standards;

Providing soft equipment: bedding (duvet cover, sheet, blanket, pillow, mattress, pillowcase, towel, bedspread) in accordance with approved standards;

Providing transportation when necessary to transport clients to institutions for treatment or participation in cultural events;

Providing books, newspapers, magazines, and other inventory and equipment necessary for organizing leisure activities, in accordance with approved standards;

Social and domestic services of an individual service and hygienic nature to citizens who, for health reasons, are unable to perform ordinary everyday procedures, including such actions as getting out of bed, going to bed, dressing, undressing, washing;

Assistance in providing the following means, devices, devices for personal use to disabled clients of institutions (with an explanation of the procedure and rules for their use and assistance in using them):

Devices for restoring the ability to move independently (crutches, canes, etc.)

Wheelchairs with manual or foot powered drive and with different control methods;

Assistance in writing, formatting and reading letters and various documents;

Residential cleaning.

Social and medical services:

Conducting an initial medical examination;

Medical supervision;

Health monitoring (measuring temperature, blood pressure, applying compresses, mustard plasters);

Development of an individual rehabilitation card;

Selection of an individual fitness and health complex;

Therapeutic physical education, individual, group lessons;

Massage: general, segmental;

D'Arsonval therapy - the procedure is based on the impact of pulsed alternating sinusoidal currents of high frequency and voltage (tens of thousands of volts), but of low strength. The procedure increases metabolism, has a rejuvenating, resolving, anti-inflammatory, cauterizing and soothing effect, allows for treatment and prevention almost all skin diseases;

- “detensor” therapy is an original method of traction and unloading of the spine, correction of its disorders, elimination of pain, in adults and children. The basis of treatment using the “Detensor” therapy method is the restoration of the disturbed natural biorhythm of daily lengthening of the spine through long-term gentle traction under the influence of the patient’s own weight;

Electrosleep is a physiotherapeutic method based on the use of pulsed electrical currents that induce sleep in a person. In the past, it was widely used to treat functional disorders of the center, nervous system and internal diseases;

Assistance in obtaining qualified medical advice;

Sanitary education work;

Consulting and training in the use of technical means of rehabilitation;

Providing temporary use of technical means of rehabilitation, in the presence of medical indicators;

Formation and organization of work of a “health group” according to medical and age characteristics;

Assistance in carrying out rehabilitation measures of a socio-medical nature, including for people with disabilities in accordance with individual rehabilitation programs for people with disabilities;

Organization and implementation of therapeutic and recreational activities;

Conducting health education work to address issues of age adaptation;

Ensuring compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements in residential premises and common areas;

Social and psychological services:

Social-psychological and psychological counseling(receiving information from the client about his problems, discussing these problems with him to disclose and mobilize resources and subsequently solve his socio-psychological problems);

Psychological diagnostics and personality examination (identification and analysis of mental state and individual characteristics the client’s personality, influencing deviations in his behavior and relationships with people around him, to make a prognosis and develop recommendations for psychological correction of the client’s personality);

Psychological correction (active psychological impact aimed at overcoming or weakening deviations in the development, emotional state and behavior of the client, to ensure that these deviations comply with age standards, requirements social environment and the interests of the client);

Psychocorrectional classes (individual and group);

Psychological trainings (active psychological impact aimed at relieving the consequences of traumatic situations, neuropsychic tension, forming personal prerequisites for the client’s adaptation to new conditions);

Psychological assistance and support (psychological influences “psychologist – client”, aimed at solving the client’s problems that underlie deep-seated life difficulties and interpersonal conflicts);

Psychoprophylactic work (assistance in developing in clients the need for psychological knowledge, the desire to use it to work on themselves, their problems, in creating conditions for the timely prevention of possible violations in the formation and development of the client’s personality.

Social and pedagogical services:

Social and pedagogical consultation, dissemination and popularization of pedagogical knowledge;

Services related to social and labor rehabilitation: creating conditions for the use of residual labor opportunities and participation in medical and labor activities, carrying out activities to teach accessible professional skills;

Assistance in obtaining education and profession for disabled people in accordance with their physical capabilities and mental abilities, taking into account the IPR;

Organization of leisure activities (excursions, visits to theaters, exhibitions, swimming pools, amateur art concerts, holidays, anniversaries and other cultural events);

Organization and conduct of club and circle work to form and develop the interests of clients.

Socio-economic services:

Assistance in obtaining social support measures in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation:

Advising on issues related to the right of citizens to social services in social service institutions in all social service systems and protecting their interests;

Assistance in preparing documents;

Assistance in resolving employment issues and choosing a profession;

Consulting on social and legal issues.

Social and legal services:

Consulting on issues related to the right of citizens to social services in state, municipal and non-state systems of social services and protection of their interests and other social and legal issues

Consulting on social and legal issues;

Assistance in preparing and processing documents;

Providing assistance in preparing and filing complaints about actions or inactions of social services or employees of these services that violate or infringe legal rights citizens.

The list of additional services includes:

Medical services including head massage; face massage; neck massage; upper limb massage; massage of the chest area; back massage; massage of the lower limb and lower back; foot and leg massage; Exercise therapy.

Social and personal services that provide for use: - a wheelchair - a wheelchair with a cost of more than 10 thousand rubles; chair - wheelchair with a cost of less than 10 thousand rubles; folding toilet chair; wheelchair AMWS 18; walkers (adults, children); crutches for teenagers, for children.

When receiving social services, clients have the rights to:

Respectful and humane attitude on the part of the employees of the Institution;

Information about your rights, obligations and conditions for the provision of social services;

Consent to social services;

Confidentiality of personal information that became known to an employee of an institution during the provision of social services;

Protection of your rights and legitimate interests, including in court.

The decision to enroll in social services is made by the head of the institution within one day based on the provision following documents:

a) referrals to a department issued by the social protection authority of the Altai Republic;

b) passport (or other document confirming the identity of a citizen), for children - birth certificate;

c) a medical extract from the outpatient card about the state of health and the absence of contraindications, no more than 10 days old;

d) compulsory health insurance policy;

e) certificate of no contact with infectious patients;

f) a dermatologist’s conclusion about the absence of contagious skin diseases;

g) copies of a certificate from the medical and social examination bureau if citizens have disabilities;

h) for disabled people - an individual rehabilitation program;

i) certificates about family composition, about the income of each family member.

Registration of citizens in need of rehabilitation services of the department is carried out by social protection authorities and (or) social service institutions of the Altai Republic at the place of residence of the applicant based on the date of the queue to receive a referral.

The grounds for registering and receiving a referral are:

Statement;

A document confirming membership in one of the categories of citizens entitled to social rehabilitation in the department.

Referrals are issued in accordance with the individual rehabilitation program for disabled people. For categories of citizens who do not have disabilities - no more than once every 2 years. A rehabilitation card is issued for each citizen served in the department.

IN inpatient facility Citizens who have no restrictions on self-service are accepted. At inpatient care the average length of stay is no more than 14 calendar days. The duration of stay for semi-stationary service is 10 working days and can be increased or decreased in accordance with the time of the social rehabilitation period determined by the individual social rehabilitation program of the citizen.

Citizens admitted to the department must be familiarized, against signature, with the list and content of social services provided to them, the conditions and rules for their provision.

Citizens with limited mobility who are unable to fully carry out self-service visit the department with an accompanying person.

The department forms rehabilitation groups of 5 to 7 people, uniting citizens based on health conditions. The activities of rehabilitation groups are carried out on the basis of group programs of social rehabilitation, taking into account individual programs of social rehabilitation of citizens.

With semi-stationary services, rehabilitation groups work with citizens staying for 5-7 hours a day.

In the department, taking into account individual psychological and age characteristics, the stay of citizens can be organized on an individual basis from 1 to 3 hours a day without catering.

The operating hours of rehabilitation groups are determined by the internal regulations of the institution.

Contraindications to admission to social services in the department are:

Chronic and mental illnesses in the acute stage;

Venereal diseases;

Quarantine infectious diseases;

Skin diseases;

Active forms of tuberculosis;

Cachexia of any origin;

Bacterio - or virus carriage;

Malignant neoplasms;

Serious illnesses requiring treatment in specialized institutions healthcare.

Social services are provided free of charge in the department:

Participants of the Great Patriotic War;

Citizens have an average per capita income below the subsistence level established in the Altai Republic.

Social services are provided in the department on the basis of partial payment:

Citizens whose average per capita income is from 100 to 250 percent inclusive of the subsistence level established in the Altai Republic.

The monthly amount of partial payment for social services provided in the department for citizens should not exceed 50 percent of the difference between the average per capita family income and the subsistence level established in the Altai Republic.

Social services are provided in the department on a full payment basis:

Citizens whose average per capita income is over 250 percent inclusive of the subsistence minimum established in the Altai Republic.

The cost of social services provided to citizens in the department is determined based on the tariffs for social services and the cost of individual social services established in the Altai Republic.

Thus, clients of an inpatient department undergoing a rehabilitation course have the right to social services (providing a place to stay, soft equipment, wheelchairs for mobility of disabled people), social and medical services (medical supervision, physical therapy, massage), social psychological services (social and psychological counseling, correction, training, psychological assistance, support), social and pedagogical services (organization of leisure, social and pedagogical consulting, organization of club activities); socio-economic services (assistance in the preparation of documents, assistance in resolving various issues) and socio-legal services (advice on issues related to the rights of citizens). The decision on enrollment in social services is made by the heads of the institution when providing necessary documents(passport, referral to the department, insurance policy, certificate of family composition, for disabled people - an individual rehabilitation program). The inpatient facility accepts citizens who have no restrictions on self-care; citizens with limited mobility live with an accompanying person. The average length of stay is no more than two weeks.

Conclusion

Social support and rehabilitation of disabled people is a complex and contradictory process, it involves the interaction of society and family. For the purpose of their social protection, laws are adopted, funds are allocated for the organization of treatment, rehabilitation, education and leisure, measures are taken to ensure smooth access to various structures and to provide information. Additional food, rest, etc. are provided for people with disabilities. However, any efforts by the state will not be enough if targeted social work is not carried out with the disabled themselves and their families, bearing in mind the possible activation of their life activities and ensuring feasible integration into society. Activities in the field of social services are based on the following principles: respect for human and civil rights; provision of state guarantees in the field of social services; ensuring equal opportunities in receiving social services and their accessibility for elderly citizens and people with disabilities; continuity of all types of social services; orientation of social services to the individual needs of elderly citizens and people with disabilities; priority of measures for social adaptation of elderly citizens and disabled people; responsibility of public authorities, bodies local government and institutions, as well as officials for ensuring the rights of elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the field of social services.

The psychological aspect reflects both the personal and psychological orientation of the disabled person himself, and the emotional and psychological perception of the problem of disability by society. Disabled people belong to the category of the so-called low-mobility population and are the least protected, socially vulnerable part of society. This is due, first of all, to defects in their physical condition caused by diseases that led to disability, as well as to the existing complex of concomitant somatic pathologies and reduced motor activity, characteristic of the majority of disabled people. In addition, to a large extent, the social vulnerability of these population groups is associated with the presence psychological factor, shaping their attitude towards society and making it difficult to adequately contact it.

Rehabilitation is understood as a system of measures, the goal of which is the fastest and most complete restoration of the health of sick and disabled people and their return to active life and social life. useful work. Rehabilitation of sick and disabled people is a comprehensive system of government, medical, psychological, socio-economic, pedagogical, industrial, household and other activities.

The problem of comprehensive professional rehabilitation and employment of disabled people, their inclusion in active social life is relevant for the entire world community. For Russia, it is aggravated both due to the lack of a practical solution and due to the unfavorable dynamics of growth in the number of disabled people, taking into account the factors of the current economic situation.

Bibliography

1. Aisherwood, M.M. Full life of a disabled person [Text] / M. M. Aisherwood; translation from English – M.: Pedagogy, 2001. – 250 p.

2. Bochko, M.E. Employment of disabled people in the region: problems, solutions [Text] / M. E. Bochko // Bulletin of Chelyabinsk University. – 2007. - No. 1. pp. 117-122.

3. World Declaration on Ensuring the Survival, Protection and Development of Children (New York, September 30, 1990) [Text] / “Diplomatic Bulletin”, 1992, N 6, p. 10.

4. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted at the third session of the UN General Assembly by resolution 217 A (III) of December 10, 1948) [Text] / "Library of the Russian Newspaper", issue No. 22-23, 1999.

5. Davletbaeva, Z.K., Nurtdinova Z.N. Technologies of social rehabilitation: methodological recommendations [Text] / Z. K. Davletbaeva, Z. N. Nurtdinova; Ed. MM. Iskhakova. - Ufa. - 2002. - 230 p.

6. Declaration of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (approved by Resolution of the thirteenth session of the UN General Assembly 3447 (XXX) of December 9, 1975)

7. Dementieva, N.F., Ustinova E.V. Forms and methods of medical and social rehabilitation of disabled citizens [Text] / N. F. Dementieva, E. V. Ustinova. – M.: 1991. - 135 p.

8. Dementieva, N.F. Organizational and methodological aspects of the activities of a social worker [Text] / N. F. Dementieva, E. Yu. Shatalova, A. Ya. Sobol. - M.: 1992. – 150 p.

9. Activities of a psychologist in the services of medical and social examination and rehabilitation of disabled people [Text] / Materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference in St. Petersburg September 25-28, 2002 – M., 2002.

10. Dobrovolskaya, T.A. Social problems of disability [Text] / T.A. Dobrovolskaya, N. B. Shabalina, N. A. Demidov. - Sociological research. – 1988. - No. 4. P. 25 - 29.

11. Dolgalev, B.A., Ladikova, V.N. Social psychological problems disabled people [Text] /B. A. Dolgalev, V. N. Ladikova // Man: his essence, development and problems. Vol. 1.: Ed. V.S. Kukushina. Rostov n/d.: 2000. – 185 p.

12. International Labor Organization Convention No. 159 on Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Disabled Persons (Geneva, June 20, 1983), Recommendation of the International Labor Organization of June 20, 1983 No. 168 on Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Disabled Persons International Labor Organization. Conventions and recommendations. 1957-1990, volume 2.

13. Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the health of citizens dated July 22, 1993 N 5487-I [Text] / Gazette of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation dated August 19, 1993, N 33 art. 1318

14. Fundamentals of social work: Textbook [Text] / Rep. ed. P. D. Pavlenok. – 2nd ed., rev. and additional – M.: INFRA – M, 2004. – (Series “Higher Education”). – 196 p.

15. Regulations “on the State Institution of the Altai Republic “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population” [Text] / decree of the government of the Altai Republic dated August 26, 2004. No. 146. – 200 p.

16. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 1996 N 965 “On the procedure for recognizing citizens as disabled” [Text] / SZ RF dated August 19, 1996 N 34, art. 4127

17. Legal protection of families raising disabled children / Sat. normal acts [Text] / Comp. O.V. Pavlenko, D.A. Tubolev, L.K. Grachev. - M., 2006.

18. Russian Federation. Laws. On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation: federation. the law was adopted by the State. Duma July 20, 1995: approved. Federation Council November 15, 1995 - M.: Slavic House of Books, 2003. - 768 p.

19. Social work: theory and practice: Textbook. Manual [Text] / Ed. Doctor of History, Prof. E.I. Kholostova, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Prof. A.S. Sorvina. – M.: INFRA-M, 2002. – 427 p.

20. Federal Law of August 2, 1995 N 122-FZ “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and Disabled Persons” (as amended. Federal laws dated January 10, 2003 N 15-FZ, dated August 22, 2004 N 122-FZ; adopted by the State Duma on May 17, 1995).

21. Khrapylina, L.P. Fundamentals of rehabilitation of disabled people [Text] / L. P. Khrapylina. - Educational method. allowance. - M.: 1996. – 316 p.

22. Yarskaya-Smirnova, E. R., Naberushkina E. K. Social work with disabled people [Text] / E. R. Yarskaya-Smirnova, E. K. Naberushkina. - St. Petersburg: 2004. - 183 p.