Volunteering in the social sphere. Volunteering

“. We give answers to different questions about volunteering. You can trust our answers! Experienced volunteers working today, coordinators of volunteer groups, specialists and experts share their knowledge, thoughts and experience.

About the work of the Union of Volunteer Organizations and Movements
in the field of social services

V. Khromov, Director of the Association non-profit organizations Union of Volunteer Organizations and Movements, Member of the Public Chamber of Moscow

At present, in Moscow and other subjects of the Russian Federation, there is a wide practice of volunteers / volunteers in institutions of social services for the population. Volunteers / volunteers visit children in orphanages and boarding schools, organize leisure and material support for the elderly in boarding schools and nursing homes, provide assistance to people with disabilities in social service centers, etc.

For example, volunteers/volunteers of NGO members of our Association as of 12/31/2013. operated in 412 social service institutions in Moscow and regions . Types of assistance provided by our volunteers/volunteers:

• Organization of leisure and creativity;
• Moral support for people in difficult life situations
• Organizational support (in various forms)
• Assistance in the social adaptation of children and adolescents left without parental care
• Working with crisis families
• Support for foster families and adoptive parents
• Social rehabilitation of people with disabilities
• Support and social rehabilitation of homeless people
• Other types of assistance

In addition, very often NGOs that organize the activities of volunteers/volunteers also provide charitable assistance to people in social institutions.

The organized activity of volunteers brings undoubted benefits both to people in difficult life situations and to the state. It is expedient to develop the practice of volunteering as widely as possible in institutions of social service to the population.

The legal status of a volunteer is enshrined in federal law dated August 11, 1995 N 135-FZ “On charitable activities and charities” (Article 5 – definition of “volunteer” in the context of charitable activities; types of such activities – Article 2). The legal basis for the activities of volunteers/volunteers is described in detail in the relevant . In 2013-2014, the need for the adoption at the federal level of a law regulating the activities of volunteers in general was actively discussed. Some senators of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation developed and submitted for the first reading to the State Duma a draft law “On volunteering / volunteering in Russian Federation”, the text of which caused a lot of negative responses in the public and non-profit sector, since it not only did not correspond to the realities of the work of NGOs in organizing volunteer activities, but also imposed an additional financial burden on both the non-profit sector and the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Our Association actively participated in the discussion of this bill and advocated its conceptual revision or cancellation. As a result, the bill did not pass the first reading in the State Duma, its discussion was not resumed.

It is obvious that the existing scale of volunteer/volunteer activities in social service institutions require the formation of rules for the interaction of NGOs organizing the work of volunteers/volunteers, and social institutions. These rules should be enshrined in the relevant regulatory documents of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is important that these rules and regulations were developed jointly with the most professional NGOs that organize the work of volunteers / volunteers, which will ensure the possibility of their active application in practice.

And there is an extremely successful precedent for such rules. The Department of Social Protection of the Population of the City of Moscow (Head of the Department of the Minister of the Government of Moscow V.A. Petrosyan), in cooperation with NGOs, developed the “ government organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the City of Moscow with non-governmental, socially oriented non-profit, public and volunteer organizations ”dated April 2, 2014 No. 376.

This Regulation defines and fixes:

– the procedure and principles of interaction between organizations for orphans and NGOs in the implementation of charitable activities by NGOs for the benefit of organizations for orphans, pupils and graduates of these organizations

– goals and objectives of such interaction

- order of passage medical examination volunteers / volunteers and the list of tests they undergo for admission to social service institutions

– rights and obligations of non-profit organizations and social service institutions

– the standard format of the Agreement on joint activities social service institutions and non-profit organizations

- other necessary details

In addition, the Department of Social Protection of the Population of Moscow, by its orders, directly obliged the heads of social institutions to cooperate with NGOs in the development of volunteering / volunteering, and also takes into account the results of such cooperation as one of the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the work of the heads of subordinate social institutions.

These measures made it possible to create rules of interaction that are practically applicable and convenient for everyone, which provides significant support for the development of volunteering/volunteering in Moscow.

In our opinion, there is no need for centralized accounting (registration) of volunteers/volunteers employed in the field of social services. Such accounting is maintained by non-profit organizations independently. An attempt to introduce mandatory centralized registration (for example, by creating some kind of general federal or regional register) immediately repels a fairly large part of people from volunteering, and, in addition, will lead to the emergence of "dead souls", that is, volunteers / volunteers that exist only in the register, and not operational in practice.

Education and training of volunteers/volunteers is currently carried out by each NPO independently. This practice is associated with the presence of clear specifics in the activities of each NPO, even if it deals with topics related to those of colleagues in the sector. At the same time, there are many programs for the mutual training of leaders and coordinators of NGOs in the methodology of working with categories of the population in a crisis situation, including those funded by grant programs from the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Presidential grants, and subsidies from regional executive authorities.

It does not seem appropriate to create a universal system for training volunteers / volunteers, since they acquire the most valuable skills directly in the process of working “in the field”. But it seems appropriate and possible to develop an industry standard for organizing a system for working with volunteers / volunteers, since the existence of such a standard (recommendatory) will significantly raise the bar for the quality of NPO activities in this area. Our Association has developments on this standard, and we are ready to join in its development under the auspices of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation.

About participation in rendering social services in accordance with Federal Law No. 442 dated December 28, 2013. it should be said that NCO members of the SVOD do not provide paid social services. The technology for organizing the work of volunteers within the framework of the provision of free social services is formed by each NGO member of the Association independently. In general, there are several enlarged stages of organizing the activities of volunteers:

1. attraction
2. Filling out the questionnaire, analyzing its content
3. Interview with the coordinator, screening, selection of suitable volunteers for areas of activity
4. Introductory training
5. Specialized training (if necessary)
6. Inclusion in activities with the support of a mentor (coordinator)
7. Motivation, prevention of emotional burnout
8. Upgrading skills, enabling volunteers to grow and implement their ideas
9. Participation of the most “advanced” volunteers in making managerial decisions by a non-profit organization

Such organization of volunteers' activities allows increasing their motivation and professionalism, as well as reducing the turnover of people in the volunteer community.

NPO members of the Association do not engage in sports events and promotional volunteering, the scope of our activity is to help people in difficult life situations.

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1

Pavlyuk S.V.

Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Social Work, Psychology and social law

Kolesnikov I.N. Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Social Work, Psychology and Social Law

Melnikov V.V. 3rd year student Branch of the Russian State Social University in Pyatigorsk

Pyatigorsk, Russia

THE ROLE OF VOLUNTEER ACTIVITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT PERSONAL QUALITIES OF STUDENTS educational institutions.

Key words: volunteering, volunteerism, social

service, students.

candidate of historical sciences, associate professor, head of the Department of social work, psychology and social law Kolesnikov I. candidate of historical sciences, senior lecturer of the Department of social work,

psychology and social law Melnikov V. student of 3-rd course Branch of the Russian State Social University

in the city of Pyatigorsk Pyatigorsk,Russia

THE ROLE OF VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES IN DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT PERSONAL QUALITIES OF STUDENTS Abstract: the article provides a definition of voluntary activity and the effect of volunteering on the development of socially significant qualities of

students in higher education.

Keywords: volunteering, students.

Volunteer or volunteer activity is commonly understood as the actions of a person or group of persons, the purpose of which is to mitigate urgent social, economic, environmental and other problems on a gratuitous basis. Volunteer activity involves the provision of human rights, social, psychological and other types of assistance to those in need.

Today, there are opinions that volunteering in Russia has taken its form relatively recently. Such an interpretation of the development of domestic volunteering cannot be considered as exclusively correct. There are different points of view characterizing the development of volunteering at different historical stages in Russia. It is fair to say that the domestic system of volunteering has its own characteristics in comparison with the Western model for the development of volunteering.

In Russia, an important role in the formation of volunteerism was played by social service, which is carried out at the religious and secular levels and consists in helping all those in need. Social service has always reflected the highest level of social

responsibility of members of the society. Awareness of one's social

responsibility, their public duty in different times human history driven by religious conscience

moral strength of the individual and a binding position in society.

The development of church social service after the adoption of Christianity in Russia in 988 began with work aimed at providing church assistance to needy parishioners in the field of education,

providing food and other support. During the reign of Yaroslav the Wise, free education was provided in the monasteries

poor literacy and writing, other volunteer work was carried out. After the transition of the social service system under state control and the wider involvement of representatives of the secular community in social service, volunteer associations began to be created that took care of orphans, people with disabilities, helped the wounded during the hostilities and carried out other socially important work.

During the Soviet period, the volunteer movement was represented by Komsomol, pioneer and Timur organizations that helped in construction, agricultural work, provided social services to the elderly and other categories of citizens who needed support from such associations.

A distinctive feature of volunteering in the Soviet period can be considered a conditionally mandatory character. Participation in socially significant activities was widely popularized and idealized, refusal to participate in various socially significant events was considered a challenge to recognized norms of social behavior and was accompanied by censure from educational, public and party organizations.

In modern Russia, volunteering has acquired an organized character with the adoption in 1995 of the Federal Law "On charitable activities and charitable organizations".

The modern domestic organization of volunteer work involves a very wide range of its potential participants. Volunteer formations are actively created on the basis of general education schools, secondary professional educational institutions and higher educational institutions.

Such an approach to organizing volunteer work can be explained by the high social demand of different categories of citizens, including students, since in Russian society, in the context of changing value orientations of modern youth, a special role is played by

factors that directly influence its socialization. Under the influence of socialization, each individual develops his own worldview.

As you know, the adaptation of students in higher educational institutions is difficult. This problem can be explained by various factors, including dramatic changes in the environment and the need for effective self-organization. In this regard, in recent years, educational activities in higher educational institutions have been given an increasing role. The educational process is aimed at providing socio-psychological assistance to students, involving them in sports, cultural, mass and social life of a higher educational institution. One of the types of active social activity that allows the student not only to quickly adapt to new conditions, but also to prove himself in a new capacity, is the volunteer movement.

The well-organized work of student volunteer teams, acting on the basis of an independently drawn up work plan, taking into account the initiation of participation in the main traditional cultural and leisure activities of the educational institution, does not replace the educational work of the educational institution, but introduces new ideas and innovative methods self - government .

The fundamental goals of volunteering carried out by representatives of higher educational institutions include improving the welfare of society and gaining the necessary experience to implement their own ideas of volunteers.

The main tasks of student volunteering are:

Involving students in social practice and informing them of potential development opportunities;

Providing opportunities for students to express themselves and realize their potential;

Development of creative activity of students;

Integration of young people who find themselves in a difficult life situation into an active social environment.

Significant importance in organizing the work of student volunteer formations is represented by the organization of the process effective motivation volunteers. The main motives for participating in volunteer activities of students are:

Development and realization of the potential of the individual;

Finding Feelings by Volunteers social significance;

Assistance in professional orientation;

Self-expression of volunteers;

The acquisition by volunteers of useful social and practical skills;

Possibility effective communication and expanding the circle of communication;

Leadership development;

Organization of active leisure;

Fulfillment of social and religious duty.

Participation in volunteer activities provides students with the opportunity to realize and improve various valuable qualities and abilities, favors the expansion of ideas about various types professional activity. Volunteering contributes to the acquisition of skills that are not directly related to the choice of the field of professional activity of volunteers. In the process of work, volunteers receive useful skills in working with computer systems, technical means, advisory and reference systems, learn the features of interpersonal communication.

Volunteering provides students with the opportunity to declare their active citizenship and find your place in the field public relations which allows student participants

volunteer formations to receive support in the process of friendly interaction.

For a person, a positive assessment of her is important. social activities from those around you.

Organization of events within the framework of volunteer activities allows its participants to express themselves in different models of interaction, both as a performer and as an organizer. Participants of student volunteer associations in the course of their activities prepare for cultural events, subbotniks and charity events. Such events allow students to establish new friendly contacts, relax at various thematic forums, take part in trainings and other useful events.

Social volunteering reflects the natural need of volunteers to help those in need. This need is due to the religious, moral and ethical component of human consciousness. Since ancient times, ideas of helping the poor have been popular in Russia, large families, the elderly, people with disabilities, families who lost their homes due to natural disasters and fires.

Today, voluntary organizations of educational institutions organize leisure activities and create a socio-cultural space for self-realization of students, adequate self-esteem and strong-willed efforts in order to form certain personality traits. In turn, the formation of a socio-cultural space allows participants of volunteer organizations to experience positive emotions from success in achieving a goal, working on themselves and helping their neighbor.

In conclusion, we can conclude that participation in volunteer activities allows students to show their creative qualities,

gain socially significant experience and skills, expand the circle of contacts and feel one's belonging to socially active youth.

Bibliography

1. Velikanova, E.V. Volunteer organizations of educational institutions as a factor in the formation of socio-cultural space / E.V. Velikanova // Bulletin of the Tambov University. Series: Humanities. 2012. No. 12 (116). pp. 140-146.

2. Kolesnikov, I.N. Volunteering as an activation factor

educational activities in the university. / I.N. Kolesnikov // In the collection: The Golden Triangle: Education, Science and Practice Materials II

All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Administration of the North Caucasian Federal District, Administration of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, Administration of the city of Pyatigorsk. Pyatigorsk, 2012. S. 42-44.

3. Reshetnikov O.V. The concept of social service in modern society/ O.V. Reshetnikov. - Publishing house Soyuz RSSU. - M. 2008.

4. Khapaev, I.B., Pavlyuk, S.V. The main factors of influence on the social environment of modern youth. / I.B. Khapaev, S.V. Pavlyuk // Science in modern society. 2014. No. 5. S. 81-84.

"He who does nothing for others,
does nothing for himself"
Goethe

The assertion that the volunteer movement is an element of social responsibility and the highest manifestation of a developed civil society is not accidental. Today, the role of the volunteer movement is becoming increasingly important for the social development of society.

Modern society, more than ever, needs to realize the need and importance of volunteer movements. Both the state and citizens are concerned about the development of volunteering in our country. Increasingly, in the messages of the President of Russia to the Federal Assembly, the importance of developing volunteering is heard.

The development of volunteering is important both for society as a whole and for its individual sectors, as well as for the volunteers themselves. For an individual, participation in volunteer activities contributes to self-realization and self-improvement, provides an opportunity to gain new knowledge and experience, which, of course, is important especially for young people, as well as the opportunity to feel socially significant and socially useful. Volunteer work helps the state to more effectively solve the problems facing it and society. The development of volunteering contributes to the formation of civil society, serves to enhance the role of non-profit and public organizations. Volunteering has a positive effect on the social and economic development of the country as a whole, helping to solve socially significant problems. Corporate volunteering is one of the most important ways to demonstrate the social responsibility of business. Volunteering has a positive effect on the education system as well. involvement of schoolchildren and students in this species activities contributes to the formation of an active life position among young people, develops their skills, increases knowledge, and supports the patriotic spirit.

Social responsibility and socially oriented society. The term social responsibility in the broadest sense is defined as responsibility for given promises, as well as obligations to people (society). Speaking about social responsibility, it should be noted that it is based on the social nature of human behavior, because life in society imposes certain obligations on each of its members.

In 1961, the basic principle of the society of the future was proclaimed in the USSR: "Everything for the sake of man, everything for the good of man." At that time, the attitude to this thesis was ambiguous. Decades later, this slogan in a number of countries was transformed into the idea of ​​building a socially oriented society, which was reflected in their constitutions and other documents. The Constitution of Russia states: “The Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person.”

Thus, the basis of the concept of the society of the future was proclaimed MAN, his rights and freedoms, as well as guarantees for their provision, and, above all, the right to work and a decent life. With the breakup Soviet Union in the post-Soviet republics, the vast majority of the population faced the inability of the state to fulfill its obligations for the social protection of its citizens. Dozens and hundreds of enterprises were closed, which led to the emergence of millions of unemployed. The old institutions of the Soviet era turned out to be ineffective under the new conditions, and some were completely liquidated in the heat of transformation, sometimes carried out on the recommendations of foreign advisers.

The modern socially oriented economy is characterized by the following development trends:

• change in the composition and scale of the social sphere;
• qualitative renewal of traditional service industries;
• change in the social model of a person, etc.

The socially oriented economy that is being formed in modern society is gradually creating the prerequisites for building a multi-level system of social responsibility, involving this process of all business entities, the state and society as a whole. A socially responsible process is the interaction of the state, business and society at all levels, aimed at effectively solving social and economic problems while maintaining a balance of interests of all parties involved. A multi-level system of social responsibility can function thanks to the active socially responsible activity of the state, society and civilized entrepreneurship at all levels.

According to many experts, business is considered the main subject of social responsibility.

The concept of corporate social responsibility (or social responsibility of business) is now widely used throughout the world. For modern companies in order to remain competitive, it is necessary to focus not only on material, but also on social aspects in the course of their activities, i.e. take into account the impact of these activities on workers, consumers and society.
The emergence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is generally attributed to the middle of the 20th century, while the emergence of the very concept of corporate social responsibility began somewhat earlier, namely in the period late XIX- the beginning of the XX century. This period is associated with the arrival of the understanding that the existing economic model of society, striving for a rough material calculation and based only on profit, inevitably tends to self-destruction. In this regard, the paramount task is to find a balance between the desire to obtain the maximum material utility and the spiritual aspirations of a person. Thus, the realization gradually came that a business should focus not only on material, but also on social aspects in the course of its activities, as well as the impact of this activity on employees, consumers and society, i.e. help in every possible way in solving various social goals of society.

It is today that the social responsibility of business and the state is of particular importance, contributing to the reduction of social upheavals in society. Social responsibility is a complex, multifaceted category; there are a large number of different areas and forms of social responsibility that are being developed both in the scientific and business environments. The subjects of social responsibility can be: business, state, society, individual. These subjects, depending on the situation, can also act as objects of social responsibility. In addition, socially responsible actions can extend to nature and culture, the consumers of which are all named subjects. The degree of involvement of subjects in social responsibility largely depends on the degree of development of civil society.

Civil society. The concept of civil society is inextricably linked with the social responsibility of society. The basis of civil society are public organizations - these are various human rights organizations, environmental, educational, sports, volunteer associations and other non-profit organizations.

The state, through public policy, society, showing its position through the institutions of civil society, business, moving forward thanks to the institution of civilized, responsible entrepreneurship, together ensure the effective functioning and management of socially responsible actions of business, the state and society at all levels.

It should be emphasized that it is the state that forms and implements the system of social responsibility not in isolation from the whole society, but together with it. This approach makes it possible to prevent the likely emergence and manifestation of sharp contradictions, and ensures a sufficient degree of coordination between the actions of society and the state in the formation of an active socio-economic space.

The mechanisms of social policy of the multi-level system of social responsibility are aimed at providing social support to the population, reducing social inequality, achieving social harmony in society, etc.

The idea of ​​civil society arose in the middle of the 27th century, and the term itself was first used by G. Leibniz (1646 - 1716), a German philosopher, scientist and public figure. A significant contribution to the development of the problems of civil society was made by T. Hobbes, J. Locke, S. Montesquieu. In their opinion, civil society is a non-state part of socio-political life, a set of social relations, formal and informal structures that provide conditions political activity person, satisfaction and realization of various needs and interests of the individual and social groups and associations, including the needs of helping those in need.

In the modern sense, civil society is a sustainable system social relations determining public interests and arising at a certain, historically determined stage of the development of society. This is a certain system of limiting the omnipotence of the state, establishing interaction between the state and society, as a result of which both the state and society change.

Civic duty turns into a conscious system of civic requirements of society and the state, and civic responsibility becomes an organic property of the individual, primarily the ability of the individual to self-control. Civil activity of a person is manifested in the solution of socially significant tasks based on respect for the laws of the state without infringing on the feeling of personal freedom and the ability of the individual to have convictions.

The concept of civil society is inextricably linked with the social responsibility of society, since the basis of civil society is public institutions- these are various human rights, women's, children's, veterans', youth organizations, environmental, educational, sports, volunteer associations and other non-profit organizations.

Volunteering as the future of a global society. The concept of "volunteer" comes from the French word "volontaire", which takes its roots from the Latin language, namely from the Latin word "voluntarius", which literally means "volunteer, willing".

A volunteer or a volunteer is someone who, at his own request, according to his desire, undertakes to carry out some business. In this regard, the concepts of "volunteer movement", "volunteering", "volunteering" will be used by us as synonyms.

The history of volunteerism shows that volunteer work has always involved broad sections of the population, regardless of profession, income and level of education. Membership in volunteer movements has no religious, age, racial or gender restrictions. Every year volunteering becomes more and more popular in the world.

Kofi Annan, Secretary General of the United Nations, commented on volunteering: “At the heart of volunteerism are the ideals of service and solidarity and the belief that together we can make this world a better place. In this sense, it can be said that volunteering is the ultimate expression main goal existence of the UN.

Since 1985, on December 5, volunteers from all over the world have been celebrating the International Volunteer Day, established by the UN. By decision of the UN General Assembly, 2001 was declared the International Year of Volunteering, and ten years later, by decision of the European Commission, 2011 was officially declared the Year of Volunteering in Europe. Thus, the UN recognized the importance of the volunteer movement and called on all countries of the world to take measures to support it.

Volunteering, like any activity, can be organized and unorganized, carried out in a group or individually, in private or public organizations. Unorganized (spontaneous) volunteering can be defined as one-time, one-time, episodic assistance to those in need. Organized volunteering is most often defined as a regular activity carried out with the assistance of non-profit public or private organizations.

The forms of volunteering are diverse: both one-time charitable events and actions, projects and grants, targeted programs, camps, and those carried out on an ongoing basis. Within the framework of these measures, feasible social, cultural, economic, ecological problems society.

The volunteer movement is developing in various directions:

• prevention and control of drug addiction, alcoholism and HIV infection;
• assistance to needy pensioners, orphans and children left without parental care, seriously ill people and the disabled;
• protection and restoration of historical spiritual and architectural values ​​(objects and territories);
• assistance in organizing and participating in the maintenance of socially significant events (sports, scientific, cultural, etc.), education and spiritual development of the individual, propaganda healthy lifestyle life;
• environment protection;
• assisting victims of conflicts and disasters by compensating for the loss of vital livelihoods;

Adopted at the XIth World Conference of Volunteers of the International Association of Volunteer Efforts (IAVE) in September 1990 in Paris, the Universal Declaration of Volunteering formulated the basic principles of volunteering:

• recognition of the right to association for all men, women, children, regardless of their race, religion, physical characteristics, social and financial status;
• respect for the dignity and culture of all people;
• mutual assistance and provision of gratuitous services;
• recognition of the equal importance of both individual and collective needs;
• encouraging and stimulating the initiative and creativity of people;
• stimulating a sense of responsibility, encouraging family, collective and international solidarity.

It can be argued that volunteering is aimed at building a socially responsible society by providing social services necessary for citizens. It is based on altruism, selflessness, nobility, publicity, humanism, voluntariness, lawfulness, mercy, responsiveness, selflessness, compassion and humanity.

Place and role of volunteering in modern Russia. In Russia, volunteering in the modern sense began to take shape in Russia only in the late 80s and early 90s. XX century. Today it is based on the main provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993), Civil Code of the Russian Federation (1995), the Law of the Russian Federation "On charitable activities and charitable organizations" (1995), the Law of the Russian Federation "On public associations" (1995), the draft Federal Law "On philanthropy, philanthropy and volunteering", developed by the Union of Charitable organizations in Russia.

In our society, there is an urgent need for the development of the volunteer movement. This is largely due to the unresolved social problems such as the growth of child orphanhood, neglect and crime among young people, an increase in the proportion of older people, alcoholization of the population and an increase in drug addiction, and environmental problems. In this regard, volunteering is becoming one of the important tools for the socialization of the population.

According to the National Research University " graduate School Economy” the contribution of Russian volunteers to the country’s GDP is 14.5 billion rubles, which is significantly lower than the level of developed countries. If the share of volunteers in the economically active population Russia reaches the level of such countries as the USA, Australia, Germany or Belgium, then the contribution of Russian volunteers to the country's GDP will be equivalent to 100 billion rubles a year. If Russia reaches the level of Sweden, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Great Britain or Austria in terms of the involvement of the population in the volunteer movement, the contribution of Russian volunteers will be 200 billion rubles.

Russia's lagging behind other countries is largely due to the relatively low share of budget funding for non-profit organizations (NPOs). According to research by the Boston Consulting Group, in Russia the budgetary funding of NGOs is 2–3 times lower than the level of funding abroad. The developers of the Support Program for Socially Oriented NPOs (SO NPOs) came to the conclusion that in addition to reducing social tension in society, an increase in funding could bring a direct budgetary effect by increasing the number of volunteers and their total contribution to GDP.

For example, volunteer movements can be created on the basis of charitable organizations (foundations) with an existing material and technical base (or it is created for a specific project). In other cases, at the expense of own financing and the material base of volunteer associations, holding charity fairs, master classes, etc.

Government funding for charitable organizations that are material base volunteer movements, most often has a one-time and one-time character. An example is the Gift of Life Charitable Foundation for Helping Children with Oncohematological and Other Serious Diseases. The Fund is not financed by the state on a permanent basis, but the exception is a one-time grant for work on voluntary non-reimbursable donation in 2010, which was issued by the Public Chamber, the grant amounted to 700 thousand rubles. Nevertheless, the fund covers the main financial and other needs on its own by attracting philanthropists and volunteer assistance.

In a number of regions of Russia: Moscow and St. Petersburg, Tatarstan, Chuvashia, Karelia, Perm and Krasnodar Territories, Samara, Tver, Lipetsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk Regions, positive experience has been gained in supporting and developing volunteering.

Volunteer organizations in Russia are focused mainly on attracting young people, who are seen as the main resource. In Moscow there is a state state-financed organization"Youth Center of the South-Eastern administrative district"Youth Commonwealth", working in the structure of the Department of Family and Youth Policy. It is designed to promote the creation and development of the volunteer movement in universities, to stimulate the implementation of their own social significant projects etc.

One of the most common areas of volunteer activity is helping orphans and children left without parental care. The emotional component plays a big role here. Work in orphanages includes not only one-time actions to collect necessary things, gifts for the New Year, organizing leisure activities for children, holding concerts, master classes, and helping to educate children. It can continue after the release of children from orphanages, which is no less important.

Charitable foundation "Volunteers to help orphans" provides:

• prevention of social orphanhood;
• assistance to children in hospitals and orphanages;
• promotion of family organization.

Organization of assistance not only to children, but also to their future parents, helps to solve legal problems related to the registration of children in foster families, but also the provision of psychological assistance.

A common form of volunteering is helping medical institutions where there is often a shortage of junior staff. Volunteers visit patients, communicate with them, read aloud, organize walks, on duty, etc. Volunteers initiate the organization of non-profit foundations to raise funds for the treatment of specific patients.

An example of volunteering in the environmental sphere is the volunteer center "Chipmunk" - one of the activities of the environmental education center "Zapovedniki".

Volunteering in the field of culture is focused on participation in the restoration of architectural monuments of historical value, in museums - work with tourist groups. The volunteer movement can also exist in the form of attracting volunteers for a separate large short-term project. Thus, as a result of the All-Russian competition held by the Organizing Committee "Sochi-2014" together with the Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, 26 educational institutions from 23 constituent entities of the Russian Federation received the right to create volunteer training centers for the Sochi Olympics in 2014

Volunteer groups can be formed in other ways. For example, volunteer micro-communities (a new phenomenon for Russia) are created by the so-called “new people” (aged 20-40), mostly urban Internet users. In a microcommunity there is usually a core (3-4 people) who are engaged in all organizational work aimed at the implementation of an idea. A group of “supporters” is formed around the core, supporting the activities of the community financially (with finances, material values, etc.). Examples of such microcommunities are groups in social networks focused on helping those in need.

Emergencies can also be an incentive to volunteer. Vivid examples participation of the population in the elimination of forest fires in 2010, the consequences of the flood in the city of Krymsk in 2012

The weakness of the volunteer movement in Russia can be explained by:

• the difficult economic situation of the population;
• the crisis state of many non-profit and government organizations;
• underdeveloped legal framework;
• insufficient information base;
• underdevelopment of civil society institutions;
• low prestige of volunteering due to social stereotypes.

It is difficult to instill the ideas of volunteerism when a part of the population has a stereotype that if a person is engaged in honest work, for the benefit of society and free of charge, then at least he is strange or even a failure. That is, creating a positive image of a volunteer, popularizing the ideas of volunteering is one of the urgent tasks for Russia. It would be advisable to turn to the experience of the United States. American law allows the provision of various kinds of privileges to volunteers, for example, receiving free educational services.

In 2005, in order to attract the attention of the state and society to the development of volunteerism, as well as to increase its prestige and form a positive public opinion, a national public award in the field of volunteerism was established. The Government of the Russian Federation approved the Concept for Assistance in the Development of Volunteering and Charity in the Russian Federation.

The Russian Volunteering Development Center takes an active part in the development of the institution of volunteering, and thus in the creation of a developed civil society, as well as in increasing the social responsibility and activity of Russian citizens.

Measures in the field of the development of the volunteer movement can be based, first of all, on the dissemination of the practical experience of the regions. Widespread promotion of volunteerism in all media will bring significant benefits to society and will contribute to the growth of civic consciousness of the population. Yes, and religious organizations could make a much more significant practical and informational contribution to this noble cause.

The formation of state policy in the field of spiritual and moral education of the population, the ban on the use of airtime in the electronic media for the rental of programs that promote violence and vile manifestations are problems that need to be addressed immediately.

Legislators and heads of executive power at all levels can and should make their contribution to this process. The latter in terms of the development of regional and municipal targeted programs volunteering support.

It is necessary to organize professional training of specialists in the field of youth volunteering. The regulatory and legal framework for financial support and incentives for individuals and legal entities involved in supporting volunteering, if the state is not able or for other reasons is not able or cannot currently fully deal with social problems.

The mechanism for supporting and developing volunteering should be based on international and domestic experience, for which it is necessary to actively develop cooperation in the field of volunteering with the International Association of Volunteer Efforts (IAVE), the European Center for Volunteers (СEV), the United Nations Volunteer Program (UNV), and most importantly , with similar organizations in the post-Soviet space.

Activities for the social support of the population cannot be and never have been a purely state task. If society becomes the subject of social assistance, the security of each of its members increases significantly. The history of the pre-professional development of social work contains the customs and traditions of voluntary mutual assistance characteristic of the Russian mentality. These traditions form the basis for the development of the volunteer movement among young people today.

Volunteering is an activity by its nature pro-social in the target, procedural, content, technological components. By engaging in volunteer activities, a person seeks, on a gratuitous basis, to influence the transformation of contemporary society, to make it better. Youth is traditionally the most socially active demographic group, which can become (and in some cases is now) the basis of a large-scale volunteer movement.

The question of the potential use of youth volunteering can be considered in at least two aspects: the impact of youth volunteering on the specific historical situation in society; the impact of volunteering on the very personality of a young person involved in this activity.

According to M. Olchman, P. Jordan, volunteering strives to achieve several results. On the one hand, it helps to create a stable and cohesive society, and on the other hand, it complements the services provided by the state (and business - when these services are unprofitable, but necessary for society)

The concept of "volunteer" is disclosed in the Federal Law of August 11, 1995 No. 135-FZ "On charitable activities and charitable organizations". Volunteers are citizens who carry out charitable activities in the form of gratuitous labor in the interests of the beneficiary.

In the dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov, volunteering is interpreted as the voluntary fulfillment of duties for the provision of gratuitous social assistance, services, voluntary patronage of the disabled, the sick and the elderly, as well as persons and social groups of the population who find themselves in difficult life situations

According to E. I. Kholostova, volunteers are people who do something informally, working for free in both public and private medical organizations, educational sphere or social welfare, or are members of voluntary organizations.

Despite the richness of the content of volunteering and the diversity of its target orientation, we can talk about the existence general characteristics this phenomenon.

First of all, the volunteer must not volunteer for financial gain, and any financial refund must be less than the value of the work performed. Volunteer activity should be carried out voluntarily, without coercion from outside.

Volunteering can be organized and unorganized, carried out in a group and individually, in public and private organizations.

Unorganized volunteering is spontaneous and occasional assistance to friends or neighbors, such as caring for a child, helping with repairs or construction, running small errands, or responding to a natural or man-made disaster. It is the predominant form of volunteering in many cultures.

Organized volunteering tends to take place in the non-profit, public and private sectors and is more systematic and regular.

Volunteering can be carried out with varying degrees of participation - from full involvement to episodic participation in volunteer activities

According to the target orientation, volunteering is aimed at:

- on mutual aid, when people carry out volunteer activities to help other members of their own social group or society;

- for charity, when the object of assistance is a member of a group that does not include the volunteer himself;

- to participate in local self-government, when a member of a community, on a voluntary basis, is included in the activities of its management (for example, in the activities of territorial self-government bodies)

Volunteering has its roots in the early 20th century..

Then in Europe after the end of the First World War, people appeared who were ready to help the victims of the war, and the first volunteer organizations were created.

Volunteering today is a powerful social movement that has its own organizations in all countries of the world, but has long outgrown both national borders and the scope of volunteer work. Volunteering, as international experience shows, develops within the framework of the so-called third sector, or non-profit organizations. By decision of the UN General Assembly, 2001 was declared the International Year of Volunteers.

Around the world, youth volunteerism is already widespread, and its role in social development rated internationally. The United Nations recognizes volunteering as a rich source of energy, skills, local pursuits. The governments of many countries use the resource of volunteerism, financing its projects, in the implementation of state youth support programs, in solving social problems.

The last decades have been the most active stage development of volunteering in recent history Russia. During this time, the Russian volunteer sector has developed rapidly and its current state is largely due to the social activity of young people, their desire to support those in need, which, in fact, is the basis of volunteering. According to various sources, there are about a thousand public organizations in Russia actively developing youth volunteer programs.

Volunteers work in regional centers and small towns and villages.

The main areas of volunteer teams are diverse:

- social protection

- ecology

- landscaping

- prevention of alcohol and drug addiction, promotion of a healthy lifestyle

- human rights activities

- preservation of historical and cultural heritage

- promotion of activities in the field of physical culture and mass sports

- assistance in the field of education, science, culture, art, enlightenment, spiritual development of the individual.

In addition to actually practical volunteer activities, Russian public organizations are actively developing a mechanism to support these initiatives. Models for the creation of youth volunteer centers are being developed and implemented, specialized educational programs, both for volunteers and for employees of organizations working with them. Seminars are held for the exchange of experience, presentations of the achievements of youth programs, round tables to discuss the interaction of the voluntary sector with government agencies, business and the media.

Thus, one of the largest all-Russian public organizations, on the basis of which the extensive network of regional volunteer associations "Children's and Youth Social Initiatives" operates, sees education in the field of technologies for creating a youth volunteer movement as one of the main areas of its activity. Only in 2006 a number of events were held in this direction: All-Russian scientific and practical conference"Pedagogical support of children's and youth social initiatives", held on March 3-5, 2006 in St. Petersburg; three experimental shifts of the tent volunteer camp at the Orlyonok All-Russian Children's Center; All-Russian scientific and practical seminar "Dialogue of Individuals" and more.

Every year, several events that are significant for the youth volunteer movement are held all over the world, within the framework of which many local actions are united. First of all, this is International Volunteer Day (IVD) and World Youth Service Day.

The International Volunteer Day, which is celebrated on December 5, was proclaimed by the United Nations on December 17, 1985. The UN Volunteers program sends out letters to the participating countries with an invitation to start extensive preparations for DVA in all countries and its recommendations in connection with its preparation.

Along with the UN Volunteers program, one of the most active in conducting world day Volunteer organizations is the International Association of Volunteer Efforts (IAVE), uniting about a hundred countries of the world into an international volunteer movement.

Since 1995, Russian volunteers began to celebrate this day along with other countries of the world. Since that time, a new civic tradition has developed in our country to celebrate International Volunteer Day by holding the Week of Volunteers, which at first combined two dates: December 3, World Day of Disabled Persons, December 5, World Volunteer Day. Then the week was supplemented with several dates: December 1 - World AIDS Day, December 10 - World Human Rights Day and December 12 - Constitution Day of the Russian Federation. AT last years The week, as a rule, smoothly develops into the Month of Volunteers, since by this moment active preparations are already underway for holding children's New Year and Christmas holidays. For the first few years, the Week was held under the motto “Let's change life for the better together!”

Special meaningful emphasis in the organization process international day volunteers is to support youth volunteering; promoting and recognizing the role and contribution of young volunteers to the social and economic development of the Russian Federation; promoting the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals adopted by the world leaders of the UN member states at the Millennium Summit (2000), the key of which is poverty reduction.

The All-Russian volunteer action program is formed on the basis of planned regional, local events, the specific content of which is determined locally, taking into account the needs and requirements of each region, each territorial community or organization.

result annual promotions in general across the country is a set of public useful activities and projects carried out on a voluntary basis by citizens and organizations during the days of actions, including: improvement of microdistricts, planting trees, cleaning school territories, squares and parks, conducting lessons of kindness in educational institutions, organizing seminars, forums, charity concerts, performances, holding actions collecting things, books, toys, money, providing targeted assistance to the elderly, lonely people and the disabled, etc. Public presentation and recognition of the results of volunteering during the celebration of the International Day of Volunteers.

Volunteers from different parts of Russia take part in the Spring Volunteer Actions, who carry out many socially significant local projects and events: they improve their microdistricts, plant trees, clean up school territories, squares and parks, and conduct Kindness Lessons. They organize seminars, forums, charity concerts, performances, hold campaigns to collect books, toys, money, provide targeted assistance to the elderly, lonely people and the disabled, and perform many other socially useful activities.

As a result of such large and significant events, as well as the daily work of youth associations and organizations around the world, millions of young people contribute to society through volunteering programs. Youth volunteering is one of the most effective ways optimization of the social situation in society.

Thus, volunteers are volunteers who carry out socially significant activities of their own free will, through a personal contribution and offer their help free of charge.